Assessing the identity of the variety "Pedro Giménez" grown in Argentina through the use of microsatellite markers.

'Pedro Giménez' es una variedad criolla blanca cultivada en Argentina, principalmente en las provincias de Mendoza y San Juan, siendo la variedad con la mayor superficie entre las uvas blancas de vinificación. Su origen es desconocido, como también su relación con la variedad española 'Pedro Ximénez', cultivada especialmente en la región de Jerez, España. En trabajos previos se ha probado que la mayoría de las variedades criollas existentes en América se habrían originado del cruzamiento de 'Moscatel de Alejandría' x 'Criolla Chica'. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivos comparar las variedades 'Pedro Giménez' y 'Pedro Ximénez', y establecer relaciones de parentesco con 'Moscatel de Alejandría' y 'Criolla Chica'. Se utilizaron 18 loci microsatélites nucleares y 3 loci microsatélites de cloroplasto. 'Pedro Giménez' compartió sólo el 38% de los alelos con 'Pedro Ximénez', por lo que se pudo inferir que se trata de variedades diferentes. En todos los loci polimórficos nucleares analizados 'Pedro Giménez' compartió uno de los alelos con 'Moscatel de Alejandría' y el otro con 'Criolla Chica'. Estos datos, junto con el resultado del análisis de SSR de cloroplastos, avalan la hipótesis que, como muchas de las variedades criollas, 'Pedro Giménez' sería fruto del cruzamiento entre estos dos progenitores, siendo 'Criolla Chica' probablemente el progenitor materno.´Pedro Giménez´ is a white criolla variety cropped in Argentina, mainly in Mendoza and San Juan, being the most planted white variety destined for wine making in the country. Its origin remains unknown, as well as its relationship with Spanish variety ´Pedro Ximénez´, mostly grown in Jerez, Spain. Previous works have probed that most of Criollas varieties existing in America at the moment, are the offspring of ´Muscat of Alexandria´ x ´Criolla Chica´. The aim of the present work was to compare ´Pedro Giménez´ with the Spanish variety ´Pedro Ximénez´, and to establish its degree of relatedness to ´Muscat of Alexandria´ and ´Criolla Chica´. Therefore we used a set of 18 nuclear SSR loci and 3 chloroplast SSR loci. ´Pedro Giménez´ shared only 38% of the alleles under analysis with ´Pedro Ximénez´, indicating that they are indeed two different varieties. In all 18 polymorphic nuclear SSR loci ´Pedro Giménez´ shared 50% of its alleles with ´Muscat of Alexandria´, while the other 50% of the alleles present in ´Pedro Giménez´ were also present in ´Criolla Chica´. This data, along with those from the chloroplast SSR analysis, strongly suggest that ´Pedro Giménez´ is the progeny of ´Muscat of Alexandria´ x ´Criolla Chica´, being the latest one the most likely female progenitor.Fil: Duran, Martin Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Agüero, Cecilia B.. University of California at Davis; Estados UnidosFil: Martínez, Liliana Estela. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal; Argentin

Measuring entanglement of photons produced by a pulsed source

A pulsed source of entangled photons is desirable for some applications. Yet, such a source has intrinsic problems arising from the simultaneous arrival of the signal and noise photons to the detectors. These problems are analyzed and practical methods to calculate the number of accidental (or spurious) coincidences are described in detail, and experimentally checked, for the different regimes of interest. The results are useful not only to measure entanglement, but to all the situations where extracting the number of valid coincidences from noisy data is required. As an example of the use of those methods, we present the time-resolved measurement of the Concurrence of the field produced by spontaneous parametric down conversion with pump pulses of duration in the ns-range at a repetition of kHz. The predicted discontinuous evolution of the entanglement at the edges of the pump pulse is observed.Comment: 9 pages, 10 or 7 figures (one of the figures includes 4), 28 Refernce

Genetic transformation of Vitis vinifera L. cvs Thompson Seedless and Chardonnay with the pear PGIP and GFP encoding genes

Transgenic plants of Vitis vinifera L. cvs. Chardonnay and Thompson Seedless expressing the β-glucuronidase gene (GUS) and either the pear polygalacturonase inhibiting protein gene (PGIP) or the green fluorescent protein gene (GFP) were produced via somatic embryogenesis. Various media and culture conditions were tested in order to develop an efficient transformation method. Best results were obtained when embryogenic callus was initiated from anthers cultured on PIV medium and maintained in PT medium. Embryogenic lines of the rootstocks Saint George, 110 Richter and Freedom and from inflorescence primordia of Chardonnay and 110 Richter were also established using the same media. Inoculation with 109 cells·ml-1 Agrobacterium resulted in a higher number of selected calli than cultures inoculated with 107 or 108 cells·ml-1. Plants were regenerated in a modified WP medium from up to 46 % of the selected callus. Approximately 80 % of the lines expressed GUS and either PGIP or GFP but a low correlation was found between β-glucuronidase and polygalacturonase inhibiting protein activities.

Effect of irrigation and soil texture on grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) population and grapevine damage

It is believed that phylloxera grows better in clay soils and/or under drip irrigation than in sandy soils and/or flooding. To test these hypotheses, phylloxera damage and population growth were evaluated in potted V. vinifera cv. Malbec under two irrigation methods and soil textures in growth chambers at 16 h of photoperiod and 28ºC + 3ºC. In a first experiment, phylloxera damage and population were analyzed in infested (P) and uninfested (C) plants, drip (D) or flood (F) irrigated. A second experiment consisted in infested (P) and uninfested (C) plants in clay (CL) or sandy (S) soil. D x P reduced leaf number, while P x C increased photosynthesis rate. In the irrigation experiment, P reduced leaf area, shoot length and root dry weight and increased stomatal conductance. Irrigation methods did not influence variables related to root damage or phylloxera population. In the texture experiment CL x C showed a greater leaf area. P also reduced shoot length and root dry weight while CL had a higher number of leaves and less root dry weight. Despite CL developed more phylloxera root symptoms, texture did not affect the number of insects found on roots. Possibly, neither irrigation methods nor soil texture per se are limiting factors for phylloxera performance, but their influence on the vigor of the plants could affect the plant-insect interactions. This is one of the first reports about the influence of soil conditions on phylloxera in a controlled environment and provides a foundation for further studies. Highlights The effects of two irrigation methods and soil textures were studied on phylloxerated V. vinifera cv. Malbec, in pots, under controlled conditions. Soil texture had no influence on the infestation success of the plants. Irrigation methods did not affect variables related to root damage or phylloxera population. More phylloxera root symptoms were found in plants in clay soil; however, texture did not affect the number of insects. It is believed that phylloxera grows better in clay soils and/or under drip irrigation than in sandy soils and/or flooding. To test these hypotheses, phylloxera damage and population growth were evaluated in potted V. vinifera cv. Malbec under two irrigation methods and soil textures in growth chambers at 16 h of photoperiod and 28ºC + 3ºC. In a first experiment, phylloxera damage and population were analyzed in infested (P) and uninfested (C) plants, drip (D) or flood (F) irrigated. A second experiment consisted in infested (P) and uninfested (C) plants in clay (CL) or sandy (S) soil. D x P reduced leaf number, while P x C increased photosynthesis rate. In the irrigation experiment, P reduced leaf area, shoot length and root dry weight and increased stomatal conductance. Irrigation methods did not influence variables related to root damage or phylloxera population. In the texture experiment CL x C showed a greater leaf area. P also reduced shoot length and root dry weight while CL had a higher number of leaves and less root dry weight. Despite CL developed more phylloxera root symptoms, texture did not affect the number of insects found on roots. Possibly, neither irrigation methods nor soil texture per se are limiting factors for phylloxera performance, but their influence on the vigor of the plants could affect the plant-insect interactions. This is one of the first reports about the influence of soil conditions on phylloxera in a controlled environment and provides a foundation for further studies. Highlights The effects of two irrigation methods and soil textures were studied on phylloxerated V. vinifera cv. Malbec, in pots, under controlled conditions. Soil texture had no influence on the infestation success of the plants. Irrigation methods did not affect variables related to root damage or phylloxera population. More phylloxera root symptoms were found in plants in clay soil; however, texture did not affect the number of insects.&nbsp

Follicular wave synchronization using buserelin in llama (Lama glama)

The objective of the study was to synchronize follicular wave emergency using busereline in a group of llamas that were at different stages of their follicular waves. We used 16 non-pregnant, nonlactating females divided according to their follicular dynamics determined ultrasonographically three days previously, into 4 groups: I: follicles smaller than 6 mm; II: growing follicles from 7 to 10 mm; III: maturing follicles from 8 to 14 mm and IV: regressing follicles, decreasing over two consecutive days. The animals received 8 µg of busereline (day 0) and ovarian activity was followed using ultrasound scanning until a dominant follicle (? 7 mm) was detected. The smallest mean maximum follicular diameter was observed on day 3, there being no significant differences between the 4 groups (P=0.50). The time interval from the GnRH injection to the detection of a follicle ? 7 mm was 6.25 ± 1.29 days in group I; 5.5 ± 1.8 days in group II; 5.5 ± 1.1 days in group III and 8.66 ± 1.88 days in group IV. The moment of the detection of a dominant follicle was not statistically different (P=0.26). In conclusion, the use of busereline in llamas that are in different follicular phases synchronizes the emergence of the follicular wave and permits starting superstimulatory treatments between days 3 and 6 after its injection.Fil: Ferrer, M.S. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Área de Teriogenología. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Agüero, A. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Área de Teriogenología. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Chaves, M.G. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Área de Teriogenología. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Russo, A.F. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Área de Teriogenología. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Rutter, B. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Área de Teriogenología. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaEl objetivo del estudio fue sincronizar la emergencia de la onda folicular mediante la aplicación de buserelina, en animales que se encontraban en diferentes fases de su dinámica folicular. Se utilizaron 16 hembras vacías no en lactancia divididas en 4 grupos en base a su dinámica folicular determinada ultrasonográficamente durante los 3 días previos: I: folículos menores a 6 mm; II: folículos en crecimiento entre 7 y 10 mm; III: folículos en fase estática entre 8 y 14 mm y IV: folículos en regresión luego de dos mediciones consecutivas en descenso. Los animales recibieron 8 µg de buserelina (día 0) y se realizó el seguimiento de la actividad ovárica mediante ultrasonografía hasta detectar la presencia de un folículo dominante (mayor o igual a 7 mm). El menor diámetro folicular máximo promedio en los 4 grupos se observó el día 3 no existiendo diferencias significativas entre los grupos (P= 0,50). El tiempo transcurrido desde la aplicación del análogo de GnRH hasta la detección de un folículo mayor o igual a 7 mm fue de 6,25 ± 1,29 días para el grupo I; 5,5 ± 1,8 días para el grupo II; 5,5 ± 1,1 días para el grupo III y 8,66 ± 1,88 días para el grupo IV. No hubo diferencias significativas en el momento de la detección del folículo dominante (P=0,26). En conclusión la aplicación de buserelina en llamas que se encuentran en distintas fases de su dinámica folicular, sincroniza la emergencia de la onda folicular y permite comenzar los tratamientos superestimulatorios entre los días 3 y 6 de la aplicación

Update of Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in Chile Evidences the Emergence of PCV2d Genotype.

Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV2) can cause multiple clinical conditions known as porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD). Before the wide availability of PCV2 vaccines, PCVAD resulted in significant losses to the global swine industry. PCV2's rapid evolutionary dynamics are comparable to single-stranded RNA viruses. Thus, shifts in the dominance and distribution of different genotypes may frequently occur, resulting in the emergence and spread of varying PCV2 genotypes and recombinant strains in swine. This study aims at identifying the PCV2 genotypes currently circulating in Chile. Seven hundred thirty-eight samples were obtained from 21 swine farms between 2020 and 2021. The samples were tested using PCR for species detection and genotyping. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were conducted in selected samples. PCV2 was detected in 26.9% of the PCR reactions and 67% of the sampled farms. The genotypes were determined in nine farms, PCV2a in one farm, PCV2b in four, and PCV2d in five, with PCV2b and PCV2d co-circulating in one farm. The phylogenetic analysis of twelve ORF2 sequences obtained (PCV2a = 5; PCV2b = 4; PCV2d = 3) showed a PCV2a Chilean strains monophyletic cluster; closely related to Chilean viruses collected in 2012 and 2013. Of the three different PCV2b sequenced viruses, two viruses were close to the root of the PCV2b group, whereas the remaining one grouped with a South Korean virus. PCV2d sequences were closely related to Asian viruses. A previously reported PCV2a/PCV2d recombinant strain was not detected in this study. Our results suggest the emergence and potential shift to PCV2d genotype in Chilean farms

Association of physical activity levels and prevalence of major degenerative diseases: Evidence from the national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 1999–2018

Objectives: Degenerative diseases are associated with lower healthy life expectancy and higher mortality. Physical activity (PA) has demonstrated a fundamental role in the prevention and control of several pathologies associated to the aging process. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of PA with the prevalence of sarcopenia, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis in non-institutionalized American population. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in participants aged ≥50 years from the 1999–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Sarcopenia was defined using appendicular lean mass adjusted for body mass index (ALM:BMI; men 1800 MET-min/week was associated with reduced odds for osteoporosis; and performing 150–1800 MET-min/week of PA was associated with reduced odds for osteoarthritis after adjust the results by several confounders. Conclusions: The benefits of PA in sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis prevention are evident among Americans aged ≥50 years

P11-05. Induction of CD8+ T cell mediated immune responses through skin and mucosa: identification of immunostimulatory versus tolerogenic dendritic cells

International audiencen.

Studying Growth and Vigor as Quantitative Traits in Grapevine Populations

Vigor is considered as a propensity to assimilate, store, and/or use nonstructural carbohydrates for producing large canopies, and it is associated with high metabolism and fast growth. Growth involves cell expansion and cell division. Cell division depends on hormonal and metabolic processes. Cell expansion occurs because cell walls are extensible, meaning they deform under the action of tensile forces, generally caused by turgor. There is increasing interest in understanding the genetic basis of vigor and biomass production. It is well established that growth and vigor are quantitative traits and their genetic architecture consists of a big number of genes with small individual effects. The search for groups of genes with small individual effects, which control a specific quantitative trait, is performed by QTL analysis and genetic mapping. Today, several linkage maps are available, like “Syrah” × “grenache,” “Riesling” × “Cabernet Sauvignon,” and “Ramsey” × Vitis riparia. This last progeny segregates for vigor and constituted an interesting tool for our genetic studies on growth