ANTIFERTILITY ACTIVITY OF DECASCHISTIA CROTONIFOLIA LEAF EXTRACT ON MALE RATS

Objective: The objective was to investigate the male antifertility effect of Decaschistia crotonifolia leaf extract on male Wistar rats. Methods: The animals were divided into three groups of five animals each. The first group (I) served as control and received normal saline, and remaining Groups II and III were treated with plant extract at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o., respectively, for 21 days. Results: Dose-dependent significant decrease in the weight of testes and epididymis was observed. Furthermore, a dose-related reduction in sperm count and motility was observed. A significant decrease in testosterone levels leading to infertility was also observed. Conclusion: The 70% methanolic leaf extract of D. crotonifolia has produced dose-dependent antifertility effect on male rats

Clinical study of neurological presentation of diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care hospital

Background: A wide range of commotions affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems, either directly or indirectly, may be observed in patients with diabetes mellitus. The spectrum of neurological complications among diabetes are quite varied.Methods: Authors conducted a Cross-sectional prospective observational study to study different neurological manifestations of diabetes mellitus. at NRI General Hospital, Chinakakani, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh. The selected patients were studied in detail with history and physical examination. The investigations included Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Postprandial Blood Sugar (PPBS), Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C).Results: A total of 100 subjects were included in the final analysis. Majority of participants were aged between 46 to 65 years, and 55% of them were males. Only 13% of the participants had HBA1c value below 7.5 gm%. Out of 100 participants, 82% participants had diabetic peripheral neuropathy. A total of 6 subjects had cranial neuropathy, with 5% participants having 3rd nerve and one participant had 6th nerve. Involuntary movements (Chorea) was present in 4% of patients. Among the people with Seizures, 6% participants had Hyperglycemic, and 2% participants had Hypoglycemic seizures. Out of 100 participants, 7 participants had dysautonomia.Conclusions: Peripheral neuropathy was the most common neurological manifestation among the diabetic population. The other key neurological abnormalities include cranial nerve palsy, dysautonomia, seizures and Chorea. Clinicians need to be aware the entire spectrum of neurological abnormalities among patients with type 2 Diabetes

Pattern recognition approach and clinico-radiological evaluation of compressive myelopathies at a tertiary care hospital

Background: Neuroimaging is indicated in most instances of new-onset myelopathy for clinico-radiological correlation in terms of diagnosis, recovery, and prediction of recurrence. Aim: This study was conducted to study the clinical profile of cases of Compressive Myelopathy and the pattern of spinal cord involvement, also to compare the sites of localisation of clinical diagnosis with MRI diagnosis. Methodology: The present study was a prospective study involving 30 patients. Patients with clinical suspicion of spinal cord disease of age group 20-80 years were included as study participants. The primary pulse sequences included T1 and T2 weighted images on MRI, the location of the lesion, its margins, signal intensity on both T1 and T2 weighted images was noted. Results: The majority of 53.33% of participants were aged between 51 to 60 years. Difficulty in walking was observed in 97% of participants. Men were more often affected than women. Cervical spondylosis was the commonest cause of compressive myelopathy in 57%. A most common pattern of spinal cord involvement was combined Anterior + Posterior cord involvement. The cervical site of localisation (54%) was the commonest followed by the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord. Conclusion: Myelopathies have male preponderance. The commonest cause of compressive myelopathy was Cervical spondylosis. Anterior plus posterior cord syndrome was the commonest pattern seen, followed by posterior cord syndrome, anterior cord syndrome being the least observed. MRI correlates well with a clinical diagnosis and is useful in suggesting the location of the lesion

Investigation on ethanolic stem extract of Ipomea sagittifolia to explore the presence of Saponins by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography

Background: Saponins are a diverse group of naturally occurring plant compounds that play important roles in various aspects of plant physiology and ecology. An extract composed of several phytoconstituents may be easily analysed and interpreted using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis from a qualitative standpoint. Ipomea sagittifolia (Burn. f.) has a long history of use in traditional medical systems. Method: It was decided to interpret the phytoconstituents, namely the steroids in Ipomea sagittifolia (Burn. f.), in line with Current Good Manufacturing Practises, which highlight the significance of quality in relation to phytoconstituents, because HPTLC is a very trustworthy method of analysis. In this work, an HPTLC finger print profile for the saponins was made using an ethanolic extract of the stem of Ipomea sagittifolia (Burn. f.). This system includes the Scanner 4, TLC Visualizer, and Linomat 5 Applicator. Results: When phytoconstituents were evaluated using HPTLC densitometric screening at wavelengths of 366 nm and 540 nm, several peaks could be seen in the chromatogram.  By analysing the peak regions, peak heights, and Rf values that were given in the proper tables, the phytochemicals are appraised. Conclusion: The study revealed the presence of saponins. This information is highly useful in studying chemical profiling and discovering bioactive components when the Rf values of these chemicals are compared with standards as a reference

A Study of clinical profile, disease severity and treatment response of Movement disorders at a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Movement disorders are one of the common neurological problems seen by General physicians and neurophysicians. The clinical phenotype of Movement disorders is variable. Aim of the study: The objective of the study was to study the clinical profile, disease severity and treatment response of Movement disorders at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Results: The present study was a prospective observational study comprising 55 clinically detectable patients of movement disorders. Out of fifty-five, the frequency of various Movement disorders were as follows: Parkinson’s disease- 25 (45.5%), Wilson`s disease (WD)-9 (16.36%), Progressivesupranuclear palsy- 8(14.54%), Essential Tremor with Parkinson disease 5 (9.0%), Choreiform disorders- 5(9.0%). Mean MDS-UPDRS Part III score in OFF stage of PD was 57.7±13.2 and in ON stage was 28.2±10.2 suggesting significant improvement. Seventy-six percentages of PD patients had Good response to Dopaminergic agonists and Levodopa administration, while better response was seen in WD, ET+PD and the poor response in PSP patients respectively. Conclusion: Identifying and describing the clinical phenomenology of Movement disorders is the first step in the diagnostic evaluation of the patients as against to the localization in General Neurological disorders. Disease severity scales do assess the progression of the disease at the earliest and there are affordable regimes of various medications are available to treat them at the earliest, so as to reduce the morbidity and to increase health related quality of life

Case Report of Clinically Probable Sporadic Creutzfeldt - Jakob Disease from A Tertiary Care Hospital in South India

We are reporting an otherwise healthy lady of forty eight years suffering from rapidly progressive dementia, behavioural disturbances, myoclonus, ataxia and extrapyramidal features of eight months duration with characteristic abnormalities on brain imaging, electroencephalography with positive cerebrospinal fluid 14-3-3 protein, satisfying the revised World Health organization (WHO) criteria for diagnosis of “clinically probable Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD)”. An attempt was made to clinically differentiate the diagnostic possibilities.</p

The Prelude on Novel Receptor and Ligand Targets Involved in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

Metabolic disorders are a group of disorders, due to the disruption of the normal metabolic process at a cellular level. Diabetes Mellitus and Tyrosinaemia are the majorly reported metabolic disorders. Among them, Diabetes Mellitus is a one of the leading metabolic syndrome, affecting 5 to 7 % of the population worldwide and mainly characterised by elevated levels of glucose and is associated with two types of physiological event disturbances such as impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Up to now, various treatment strategies are like insulin, alphaglucosidase inhibitors, biguanides, incretins were being followed. Concurrently, various novel therapeutic strategies are required to advance the therapy of Diabetes mellitus. For the last few decades, there has been an extensive research in understanding the metabolic pathways involved in Diabetes Mellitus at the cellular level and having the profound knowledge on cell-growth, cell-cycle, and apoptosis at a molecular level provides new targets for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Receptor signalling has been involved in these mechanisms, to translate the information coming from outside. To understand the various receptors involved in these pathways, we must have a sound knowledge on receptors and ligands involved in it. This review mainly summarises the receptors and ligands which are involved the Diabetes Mellitus. Finally, researchers have to develop the alternative chemical moieties that retain their affinity to receptors and efficacy. Diabetes Mellitus being a metabolic disorder due to the glucose surfeit, demands the need for regular exercise along with dietary changes