The cultural antropological direction of the trends towards renovation of higher professional education

This article talks about the cultural anthropological trend towards renovation of higher professional education. The processes of humanization and humanitarization of education are given much prominence. The article discovers their interconnection and interdependency from the position of the unity of theory and practice. The cultural anthropological approach is presented as a dialogue and a multifunctional method aimed at development and self-realization of students' personality.В статье рассматривается культурно-антропологические тенденции обновления высшего профессионального образования. Особое внимание уделяется процессам гуманизации и гуманитаризации образования, рассмотрению их взаимосвязи и взаимозависимости с позиций единства теории и практики. Культурно-антропологический подход представляется как диалог и многофункциональный метод, направленный на развитие и самореализацию личности обучающегося

Конвергентный подход в формировании общекультурной мировоззренческой компетентности педагога гуманитарного профиля

The article shows that application of general scientific principle of conformity makes it possible to consider the implementation of the convergent approach in the educational process of a university as a means of increasing the level of integration, the relevance of which is approved by the dialogical interaction of the natural science and humanitarian spheres of culture forming the corresponding systems of scientific knowledge. In modern education, there is already a certain foundation for the implementation of convergent ideas; this approach takes place in the culturological paradigm of education, the competency model that is currently being implemented in the system of higher education. The idea of convergence, which is realized through a convergent approach, correlates with the fundamental goal of modern education in shaping a holistic world view and scientific outlook of the future specialist and harmoniously fi into the competence matrix of the modern educational process. The content of Federal State Educational Standard of higher education includes not only professional, but also general cultural competence. The common cultural competences, along with the development of both universal and national culture, include the experience of comprehending the scientific picture of the world. During the theoretical stage of the study, the substantive and technological conditions for the implementation of the disciplinary educational process were developed in the logic of a convergent approach. Due to the implementation of the developed methodological conditions, it was possible to ensure an increase in the level of development of the cognitive, activity and personal components of the general cultural worldview competencies of students, which proves the effectiveness of this educational process. Along with this indicator of the effectiveness of the educational process from the standpoint of its compliance with the standards of pedagogical interaction, educational activities and pedagogical impact is the growth of positive manifestations on the part of students in educational interaction. Indicators of satisfaction of subjects of the educational process are seen as their positive feedback and opinions.В статье показано, что применение общенаучного принципа соответствия позволяет рассматривать реализацию конвергентного подхода в образовательном процессе вуза как средство повышения уровня интеграции, актуальность и необходимость которого утверждается диалогическим взаимодействием естественно-научной и гуманитарной сфер культуры, образующих соответствующие системы научного знания. В современном образовании уже имеется опыт реализации конвергентных идей, такой подход имеет место в культурологической парадигме образования, компетентностной модели, реализуемой в настоящее время в системе высшего образования. Идея конвергенции, реализуемая посредством конвергентного подхода, коррелирует с фундаментальной целью современного образования по формированию целостного мировосприятия и научного мировоззрения будущего специалиста и гармонично вписывается в компетентностную матрицу современного образовательного процесса. В содержание ФГОС ВО включены не только предметные, но и общекультурные компетенции. К общекультурным компетенциям вместе с вопросами освоения общечеловеческой и национальной культуры относится опыт постижения научной картины мира. В ходе теоретического этапа исследования были разработаны в логике конвергентного подхода содержательные и технологические условия реализации дисциплинарного образовательного процесса. Вследствие реализации разработанных методических условий удалось обеспечить повышение уровня развития когнитивного, деятельностного и личностного компонентов общекультурных мировоззренческих компетенций обучающихся, что доказывает результативность этого образовательного процесса. Вместе с этим показателем результативности образовательного процесса с позиций его соответствия стандартам педагогического взаимодействия, учебной деятельности и педагогического воздействия является рост положительных проявлений со стороны студентов в образовательном взаимодействии. Показателями удовлетворенности субъектов образовательного процесса являются их положительные отзывы и мнения

Accurate Strand-Specific Quantification of Viral RNA

The presence of full-length complements of viral genomic RNA is a hallmark of RNA virus replication within an infected cell. As such, methods for detecting and measuring specific strands of viral RNA in infected cells and tissues are important in the study of RNA viruses. Strand-specific quantitative real-time PCR (ssqPCR) assays are increasingly being used for this purpose, but the accuracy of these assays depends on the assumption that the amount of cDNA measured during the quantitative PCR (qPCR) step accurately reflects amounts of a specific viral RNA strand present in the RT reaction. To specifically test this assumption, we developed multiple ssqPCR assays for the positive-strand RNA virus o'nyong-nyong (ONNV) that were based upon the most prevalent ssqPCR assay design types in the literature. We then compared various parameters of the ONNV-specific assays. We found that an assay employing standard unmodified virus-specific primers failed to discern the difference between cDNAs generated from virus specific primers and those generated through false priming. Further, we were unable to accurately measure levels of ONNV (−) strand RNA with this assay when higher levels of cDNA generated from the (+) strand were present. Taken together, these results suggest that assays of this type do not accurately quantify levels of the anti-genomic strand present during RNA virus infectious cycles. However, an assay permitting the use of a tag-specific primer was able to distinguish cDNAs transcribed from ONNV (−) strand RNA from other cDNAs present, thus allowing accurate quantification of the anti-genomic strand. We also report the sensitivities of two different detection strategies and chemistries, SYBR® Green and DNA hydrolysis probes, used with our tagged ONNV-specific ssqPCR assays. Finally, we describe development, design and validation of ssqPCR assays for chikungunya virus (CHIKV), the recent cause of large outbreaks of disease in the Indian Ocean region

Novel mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel of pyrethroid-resistant Varroa destructor populations from the Southeastern USA

The parasitic mite Varroa destructor has a significant worldwide impact on bee colony health. In the absence of control measures, parasitized colonies invariably collapse within 3 years. The synthetic pyrethroids tau-fluvalinate and flumethrin have proven very effective at managing this mite within apiaries, but intensive control programs based mainly on one active ingredient have led to many reports of pyrethroid resistance. In Europe, a modification of leucine to valine at position 925 (L925V) of the V. destructor voltage-gated sodium channel was correlated with resistance, the mutation being found at high frequency exclusively in hives with a recent history of pyrethroid treatment. Here, we identify two novel mutations, L925M and L925I, in tau-fluvalinate resistant V. destructor collected at seven sites across Florida and Georgia in the Southeastern region of the USA. Using a multiplexed TaqMan® allelic discrimination assay, these mutations were found to be present in 98% of the mites surviving tau-fluvalinate treatment. The mutations were also found in 45% of the non-treated mites, suggesting a high potential for resistance evolution if selection pressure is applied. The results from a more extensive monitoring programme, using the Taqman® assay described here, would clearly help beekeepers with their decision making as to when to include or exclude pyrethroid control products and thereby facilitate more effective mite management programmes

New national and regional bryophyte records, 69

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Deletion of Nlrp3 protects from inflammation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy

BACKGROUND: Critically ill patients develop atrophic muscle failure, which increases morbidity and mortality. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is activated early in sepsis. Whether IL-1β acts directly on muscle cells and whether its inhibition prevents atrophy is unknown. We aimed to investigate if IL-1β activation via the Nlrp3 inflammasome is involved in inflammation-induced atrophy. METHODS: We performed an experimental study and prospective animal trial. The effect of IL-1β on differentiated C2C12 muscle cells was investigated by analyzing gene-and-protein expression, and atrophy response. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by cecum ligation and puncture surgery in Nlrp3 knockout and wild type mice. Skeletal muscle morphology, gene and protein expression, and atrophy markers were used to analyze the atrophy response. Immunostaining and reporter-gene assays showed that IL-1β signaling is contained and active in myocytes. RESULTS: Immunostaining and reporter gene assays showed that IL-1β signaling is contained and active in myocytes. IL-1β increased Il6 and atrogene gene expression resulting in myocyte atrophy. Nlrp3 knockout mice showed reduced IL-1β serum levels in sepsis. As determined by muscle morphology, organ weights, gene expression, and protein content, muscle atrophy was attenuated in septic Nlrp3 knockout mice, compared to septic wild-type mice 96 h after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: IL-1β directly acts on myocytes to cause atrophy in sepsis. Inhibition of IL-1β activation by targeting Nlrp3 could be useful to prevent inflammation-induced muscle failure in critically ill patients

Analysis of Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052's transcriptional response to ferulic acid and its application to enhance the strain tolerance

Background: Plant-based cellulose presents the best source of renewable sugars for biofuel production. However, the lignin associated with plant cellulose presents a hurdle as hydrolysis of this component leads to the production of inhibitory compounds, such as ferulic acid. Results: The impacts of ferulic acid, a phenolic compound commonly found in lignin hydrolysates, on the growth, solvent production, and transcriptional responses of Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 were determined. Addition of ferulic acid to growing cultures resulted in a decrease in the growth and solvent production by 30% and 25%, respectively, when compared to the control cultures. To better understand the toxicity of this compound, microarray analyses were performed using samples taken from these cultures at three different growth states. Several gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were identified showing significant change at each status, including ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, two component system, and oxidoreductase activity. Moreover, genes related with efflux systems and heat shock proteins were also strongly up-regulated. Among these, expression of the groESL operon was induced by more than fourfold and was consequently selected to improve C. beijerinckii tolerance to ferulic acid. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis confirmed that C. beijerinckii harboring the plasmid, pSAAT-ptb_Gro, had a two-to fivefold increased groESL operon expression during growth of these cultures. Moreover, this strain was more tolerant to ferulic acid as the growth of this recombinant strain and its bioconversion of glucose into solvents were both improved. Conclusions: Using transcriptomics, we identified numerous genes that are differentially expressed when C. beijerinckii cultures were exposed to ferulic acid for varying amounts of time. The operon expressing groESL was consistently up-regulated, suggesting that this gene cluster may contribute to strain tolerance. This was confirmed as recombinant cultures showed both an enhanced growth and solvent yield in the presence of 0.5 g/L ferulic acidopen00

Aberrant Herpesvirus-Induced Polyadenylation Correlates With Cellular Messenger RNA Destruction

Inhibition of host cell gene expression by the human herpesvirus KSHV occurs via a novel mechanism involving polyadenylation-linked RNA turnover

A miniature world in decline: European Red List of Mosses, Liverworts and Hornworts

AimThis Red List is a summary of the conservation status of the European species of mosses, liverworts and hornworts, collectively known as bryophytes, evaluated according to IUCN’s Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional Level. It provides the first comprehensive, region-wide assessment of bryophytes and it identifies those species that are threatened with extinction at a European level, so that appropriate policy measures and conservation actions, based on the best available evidence, can be taken to improve their status.ScopeAll bryophytes native to or naturalised in Europe (a total of 1,817 species), have been included in this Red List. In Europe, 1,796 species were assessed, with the remaining 21 species considered Not Applicable (NA). For the EU 28, 1,728 species were assessed, with a remaining 20 species considered NA and 69 species considered Not Evaluated (NE). The geographical scope is continentwide, extending from Iceland in the west to the Urals in the east, and from Franz Josef Land in the north to theCanary Islands in the south. The Caucasus region is not included. Red List assessments were made at two regional levels: for geographical Europe and for the 28 Member States of the European Union.ResultsOverall, 22.5% of European bryophyte species assessed in this study are considered threatened in Europe, with two species classified as Extinct and six assessed as Regionally Extinct (RE). A further 9.6% (173 species) are considered Near Threatened and 63.5% (1,140 species) are assessed as Least Concern. For 93 species (5.3%), there was insufficient information available to be able to evaluate their risk of extinction and thus they were classified as Data Deficient (DD). The main threats identified were natural system modifications (i.e., dam construction, increases in fire frequency/intensity, and water management/use), climate change (mainly increasing frequency of droughts and temperature extremes), agriculture (including pollution from agricultural effluents) and aquaculture.RecommendationsPolicy measures• Use the European Red List as the scientific basis to inform regional/national lists of rare and threatened species and to identify priorities for conservation action in addition to the requirements of the Habitats Directive, thereby highlighting the conservation status of bryophytes at the regional/local level.• Use the European Red List to support the integration of conservation policy with the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and other national and international policies. For example, CAP Strategic Plans should include biodiversity recovery commitments that could anticipate, among others, the creation of Important Bryophyte Areas. An increased involvement of national environmental agencies in the preparation of these strategic plans, and more broadly in ongoing discussions on the Future CAP Green Architecture, would likely also ensure the design of conservation measures better tailored to conserve bryophytes in agricultural landscapes.• Update the European Red List every decade to ensure that the data remains current and relevant.• Develop Key Biodiversity Areas for bryophytes in Europe with a view to ensuring adequate site-based protection for bryophytes.Research and monitoring• Use the European Red List as a basis for future targeted fieldwork on possibly extinct and understudied species.• Establish a monitoring programme for targeted species (for example, threatened species and/or arable bryophytes).• Use the European Red List to obtain funding for research into the biology and ecology of key targeted species.Action on the ground• Use the European Red List as evidence to support multi-scale conservation initiatives, including designation of protected areas, reform of agricultural practices and land management, habitat restoration and rewilding, and pollution reduction measures.• Use the European Red List as a tool to target species that would benefit the most from the widespread implementation of the solutions offered by the 1991 Nitrates Directive (Council Directive 91/676/EEC), including the application of correct amounts of nutrients for each crop, only in periods of crop growth under suitable climatic conditions and never during periods of heavy rainfall or on frozen ground, and the creation of buffer zones to protect waters from run-off from the application of fertilizers.Ex situ conservation• Undertake ex situ conservation of species of conservation concern in botanic gardens and spore and gene banks, with a view to reintroduction where appropriate.</p