Concepções dos alunos do curso de Licenciatura em Química no Instituto Federal de Goiás - câmpus Itumbiara: Estágio Curricular Supervisionado enquanto pesquisa

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Otimização da extração sólido-líquido com partição em baixa temperatura para determinação de carbofurano em Cucurbita pepo l (“abobrinha”) por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência

According to results of the Program of Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Foods of the National Agency of Sanitary in Brazil (2013 to 2015) the zucchini, Cucurbita pepo L is one of the non-hardy vegetables, that presented higher contamination index by pesticides residues. One of these agrochemicals is carbofuran, which although not authorized for this crop, is commonly and illegally used for whitefly control. The objective of this study was to optimize the solid-liquid extraction method with low temperature partitioning (SLE/LTP) for the determination of carbofuran residues in zucchini by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV). The optimization was performed with a complete factorial design, 23 to evaluate the simultaneous performance of three factors in two levels, in triplicate. The optimized SLE/LTP-HPLC/UV method showed to be selective, simple and efficient, consuming a small amount of sample and solvent extractor. The average recovery percentage was 75.88%. Samples of zucchini purchased in the Itumbiara-GO trade, Brazil, and submitted to the optimized method did not present carbofuran residues

OTIMIZAÇÃO DA EXTRAÇÃO SÓLIDO-LÍQUIDO COM PARTIÇÃO EM BAIXA TEMPERATURA PARA DETERMINAÇÃO DE CARBOFURANO EM Cucurbita pepo L (“ABOBRINHA”) POR CROMATOGRAFIA LÍQUIDA DE ALTA EFICIÊNCIA

According to results of the Program of Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Foods of the National Agency of Sanitary in Brazil (2013 to 2015) the zucchini, Cucurbita pepo L is one of the non-hardy vegetables, that presented higher contamination index by pesticides residues. One of these agrochemicals is carbofuran, which although not authorized for this crop, is commonly and illegally used for whitefly control. The objective of this study was to optimize the solid-liquid extraction method with low temperature partitioning (SLE/LTP) for the determination of carbofuran residues in zucchini by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV). The optimization was performed with a complete factorial design, 2³ to evaluate the simultaneous performance of three factors in two levels, in triplicate. The optimized SLE/LTP-HPLC/UV method showed to be selective, simple and efficient, consuming a small amount of sample and solvent extractor. The average recovery percentage was 75.88%. Samples of zucchini purchased in the Itumbiara-GO trade, Brazil, and submitted to the optimized method did not present carbofuran residues

OPTIMIZATION OF SOLID-LIQUID EXTRACTION WITH LOW TEMPERATURE PARTITION FOR DETERMINATION OF CARBOFURAN IN CUCURBITA PEPO L (“ZUCCHINI”) BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

<p></p><p>According to results of the Program of Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Foods of the National Agency of Sanitary in Brazil (2013 to 2015) the zucchini, Cucurbita pepo L is one of the non-hardy vegetables, that presented higher contamination index by pesticides residues. One of these agrochemicals is carbofuran, which although not authorized for this crop, is commonly and illegally used for whitefly control. The objective of this study was to optimize the solid-liquid extraction method with low temperature partitioning (SLE/LTP) for the determination of carbofuran residues in zucchini by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV). The optimization was performed with a complete factorial design, 2³ to evaluate the simultaneous performance of three factors in two levels, in triplicate. The optimized SLE/LTP-HPLC/UV method showed to be selective, simple and efficient, consuming a small amount of sample and solvent extractor. The average recovery percentage was 75.88%. Samples of zucchini purchased in the Itumbiara-GO trade, Brazil, and submitted to the optimized method did not present carbofuran residues.</p><p></p

Orçamento participativo e gestão democrática no poder local Public budgeting and democracy in local governments

A superação do regime autoritário no Brasil implicou novas formas de democratização da política e de suas instituições, com o correspondente revigoramento da sociedade civil. Uma das experiências mais significativas desse novo cenário é o Orçamento Participativo. A abordagem comparada de dois desses experimentos, protagonizados por diferentes coalizões partidárias - em Piracicaba (1989-1992) e em Santa Bárbara d'Oeste (1997-2000) -, permite um exame de suas potencialidades e limites à luz de uma concepção procedimental da democracia e do caráter complementar da participação. Em contraponto à primazia da representação, a análise problematiza o alcance das ações da nova sociedade civil da perspectiva da democratização da gestão pública local.<br>The end of the authoritarian regime in Brazil resulted in new forms of democratization of politics and its institutions, with the strenghtening of the civil society. The Participatory Budgeting is an important experience of that new way, characterized by the assumption of the new responsibilities by the local governments. The comparative approach of those experiences, conducted from different party coalitions - in Piracicaba (1989-1992) and in Santa Bárbara d'Oeste (1997-2000) -, allows a test of their powers and limits from a procedural conception of democracy and the complementary role of the participation. In contrast to a view that gives priority to representation, the analysis discusses the range of the new civil society actions from the perspective of the democratization process in the scope of the Local Government