Performance Evaluation of Sand-based Surface flow Constructed wetland in Domestic Wastewater Treatment using Typha Orientalis as Macrophyte

A laboratory-scale free water surface-flow constructed wetland was set up at the Department of Civil Engineering; Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Ogbomoso, Nigeria in May 2013 to demonstrate the performance of sand- based constructed wetland, using Typha Orientalis as a viable low-cost efficient treatment option for domestic wastewater from kitchen. The nutrient removal and performance evaluation of the constructed wetland in treatment of kitchen wastewater against retention period of ten days was investigated. During the 10-day retention period, the sand- based constructed wetland set up with Typha Orientalis had improved the wastewater quality significantly as it had reduced 94.9% of Turbidity, BOD5 by 79.0%, NO-3 by 66.7%, 87.9% of SO-4 , 70.24% of Cl-, Conductivity by 70.8% and Magnesium by 80.62%. The pH value and Dissolve Oxygen increased by 28.3% and 64.01% respectively and the initial offensive odour of the raw water was no more noticeable. The final effluent was found to be suitable for non-drinking purposes like crop irrigation and keeping aquatic animals. However, it was noted that a 7- day detention time was optimal for the treatment of domestic wastewater from kitchen. The treatment system was found to be economical, as the cost of construction only was involved and maintenance cost very minimal. It was environmentally friendly as it was free from offensive odour and insect invasion. The prototype scale is recommended for in-situ use, especially for wastewater from kitchen. Keywords: Constructed wetland, Domestic wastewater, Nutrient removal, Retention period, Typha Orientalis

Dynamic Systems Modeling

In this work, a dynamic system was modeled using MATLAB. The trebuchet, a mediaval war artillery was modeled and it's properties such stability of the system, range and release angle were analyzed and presented using tables and charts.MscComputer science and information technolog

An extension of Pedersen's viscosity model for saturated black oil systems

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-64).Issued also on microfiche from Lange Micrographics.This thesis presents a modification of Pedersen's corresponding states compositional viscosity model for black oil systems when no compositional data are available. This new model provides better estimates for oil viscosity than previously existing correlations. The model was developed from 324 sets of differential liberation data consisting of 2,232 observations. Data was gathered from a number of locations worldwide and covered a broad range of fluid compositions, pressures, and temperatures. Linear and nonparametric regression analyses were used to process and correlate the data. The new correlation, which retained most of the functional form of Pedersen's model, includes modifications that make the model more user-friendly and applicable to black oil simulator models. These modifications to Pedersen's model include use of n-decane as the reference fluid; considering the oil mixture as a single component with molecular weight and critical properties correlated to its density, which may be evaluated from correlations or experimental data; and addition of a functional dependence to the solution gas/oil ratio, formation volume factor, and gas specific gravity. Additionally, using 2,232 points, improved correlations are provided for the oil formation volume factor and the solution gas/oil ratio. This is a progression of the work of Verlade. One of the main advantages of our model is that it is linear in the parameters used for the viscosity prediction. It is therefore easier to recalibrate when needed for simple regression. We also investigated a functional relationship amongst pressure, volume, temperature (PVT) properties and a set of variables required to describe the viscosity correlation using a nonparametric regression analysis. The objective of this analysis was to determine which variables affect viscosity the most and determine the minimum number of variables needed to develop a suitable viscosity correlation. The minimum average absolute error for this analysis was 29±0.2% for the nonfitted nonparametric regression analysis obtained by using GRACE software with 42 coefficients and 13 variables. The average absolute errors obtained from our model using the linear regression analysis were much lower than those obtained from the nonparametric regression analysis obtained from GRACE

Analgesic activity of the aqueous seed extract of <i style="">Hunteria umbellata</i> (K. Schum.) Hallier f. in rodents

698-703The analgesic effect and possible mechanism(s) of action of 50-200 mg/kg of the aqueous seed extract of H. umbellata (HU) were investigated in different experimental models of analgesia using the tail flick, tail immersion, acetic acid-induced writhing tests and formalin-induced algesia. Oral pre-treatment with 50-200 mg/kg of HU caused significant and dose related analgesic effect in the treated rats in all the experimental models used. This analgesia was mediated via central and peripheral mechanisms. Overall, the results showed that HU possesses analgesic effect which lends support to its folkloric use in the local management of pain

ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC PROFILE OF ERINIDINE ISOLATED FROM HUNTERIA UMBELLATA SEEDANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC PROFILE OF ERINIDINE ISOLATED FROM HUNTERIA UMBELLATA SEED

Water decoction made from the seed of Hunteria umbellata is widely used in the traditional management of diabetes mellitus by Nigerian herbalists, particularly, in the southwest region of the country. Recently, a new bisindole alkaloid, erinidine, was isolated but its antihyperglycemic profile remains largely un-investigated scientifically. This forms the basis for the current study which is primarily designed at investigating the antihyperglycemic profile of erinidine and other fractions in both in vitro and in vivo models of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, erinidine was isolated and purified using the earlier described methods and its antihyperglycemic potentials tested in in vitro models such as dipeptidylpeptidase (IV), glycogen phosphorylase, HIT-T15 cell insulin secretion, glucose uptake activity, aldose reductase assays and α-glucosidase inhibition assay testings. In addition, 50 mg/kg of erinidine and that of other fractions were evaluated in in vivo models of normal and chemically-induced hyperglycemic rats. Results showed that erinidine was a light yellow, amorphous solid with UV (CHCl3) λmax 256 nm, HRESIMS m/z 382.1881 [(M+H)+] (calculated for C22H26N4O2, 382.1876) and melting point of 230 ºC. The in vitro study showed the antihyperglycemic action of erinidine to be weakly mediated via α-glucosidase inhibition mechanism as the results for other in vitro tests such as dipeptidylpeptidase (IV), glycogen phosphorylase, HIT-T15 cell insulin secretion, glucose uptake activity and aldose reductase assays were all negative. However, the in vivo results showed 50 mg/kg erinidine given per os to normal and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats to significantly (

An energy balance and multicriterial approach for the sizing of a hybrid renewable energy system with hydrogen storage

As the clamour for a Net Zero carbon energy economy increases, it is necessary to harness the potential of renewable energies in powering buildings to lower fossil power plants' contributions to the overall energy mix. This paper aims to present an energy balance load sensitivity analysis and multi-criteria method for sizing a green energy system for powering two office complexes that house space research laboratories. The energy component considered includes battery storage (BAT), captive diesel generator (DG), fuel cell (FC), hydrogen storage (H2T), solar photovoltaic (PV), and wind turbine. Using HOMER, the techno-economic features and the hourly operational details of the energy components were obtained. The efficacy of Entropy- Additive Ratio Assessment was deployed on the outputs from HOMER to obtain the most preferred energy system based on more than one criterion. The result of the study indicates that the most preferred energy system for Abuja is a PV, WD, FC, DG, and BAT, having a total net present cost (TNPC) of $220,930. In contrast, the most suitable energy system for the energy in the Anyigba office consists of PV, FC, and BAT, with its TNPC at$106,955