An ANP model to support decision-making in a Portuguese pharmaceutical supply chain

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia e Gestão IndustrialIn order to cope up with a volatile and scarce environment, companies have had to adopt new ways of thinking. One of them is embracing Supply Chain Management (SCM) and considering it as a crucial asset if willing to compete in the marketplace. In the context of SCM, it is important to understand how Lean and Agile SCM paradigms are adopted as means of achieving an efficient Supply Chain (SC). Besides the mentioned paradigms, many Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and management practices come along with SCM, and it is important that SC managers identify the ones that bring the most competitive advantages. This dissertation intends to design a model based on the Analytic Network Process (ANP) in order to assist SC managers from different entities of a pharmaceutical SC in exploring efficient decisions to be made, with respect to KPIs and management practices, as means of achieving a highly competitive SC

Los siete deberes necesarios para la enseñanza de la geografía y de la cartografía escolar como desafíos

Na construção deste artigo, traçamos objetivos, pois eles nos levam ao estabelecimento de rotas. Desta forma, metaforizamos “Os Sete Saberes necessários a Educação do Futuro de Edgar Morin (2002), com a construção do conhecimento geográfico/cartográfico no ensino escolar. Parece que, através do desafio deste artigo, nascerão frutos, tanto para os autores, como para professores de Geografia e pesquisadores, no sentido de, em outras considerações sobre a temática, retomarmos os autores, com novas leituras e discussões críticas, na busca de ideias e de outras verdades provisórias, bem como a ações pedagógicas não lineares. Assim, este artigo através de ações bibliográficas, objetiva direcionar aos professores que ensinam Geografia a buscarem caminhos e, com a acomodação, outros direcionamentos para ensinar Cartografia, no sentido de dar conta da espacialidade da Geografia.In the construction of this article, we draw objectives, as they lead us to the establishment of routes. In this way, we metaphorize "The Seven Knowledge necessary for Education of the Future of Edgar Morin (2002), with the construction of geographic / cartographic knowledge in school education. It seems that, through the challenge of this article, there will be fruit, both for the authors and for teachers of Geography and researchers, in the sense that, in other considerations on the subject, we return to the authors, with new readings and critical discussions, in search of Ideas and other provisional truths, as well as non-linear pedagogical actions. Thus, this article through bibliographic actions, aims to direct teachers who teach Geography to seek ways and, with accommodation, other directions to teach Cartography, in order to account for the spatiality of Geography.En la construcción de este artículo, nos basamos objetivos porque nos llevan a la creación de rutas. Por lo tanto, metaforizamos "Siete Saberes necesarios futura educación Edgar Morin (2002), con la construcción de conocimiento geográfico / mapeo de la enseñanza escolar. Parece que a través del reto de este artículo, las frutas nacido, tanto para los autores como para los profesores de geografía e investigadores, en el sentido en el examen de la cuestión, reanudar los autores, con nuevas lecturas y debates críticos en la búsqueda de ideas y otras verdades provisionales, así como acciones pedagógicas no lineales. Por lo tanto, este artículo a través de acciones bibliográficas, tiene como objetivo dirigir los maestros para enseñar geografía a buscar maneras y con el alojamiento, otras direcciones para enseñar Cartografía, para darse cuenta de la espacialidad de Geografía

A new device to measure isometric strength in upper limbs: comparison between dominant and non-dominant limbs*

Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Mecan, Guaratingueta, SP, BrazilFac Med ABC, Dept Morfol & Fisiol, Santo Andre, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Med, Disciplina Cardiol, São Paulo, BrazilFac Tecnol São Paulo FATEC, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Educ Fis & Motricidade Humana, BR-13560 Sao Carlos, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Med, Disciplina Cardiol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Chloride Conductance, Nasal Potential Difference and Cystic Fibrosis Pathophysiology.

PurposeCystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem genetic disease caused by dysfunction of the epithelial anionic channel Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR). Decreased mucociliary clearance because of thickened mucus is part of the pulmonary disease pathophysiology. It is controversial if the thickened airway surface liquid (ASL) is caused by the deficient chloride secretion and excessive sodium (through ENaC) and water hyperabsorption from the periciliar fluid or by the lack of bicarbonate secretion with relative acidification of the ASL. Correlations between the magnitude of in vivo chloride conductance with phenotypic characteristics and CF genotype can help to elucidate these mechanisms and direct to new treatments.MethodsNasal potential difference was measured in 28 CF patients (age from 0.3 to 28 year) and correlated with pulmonary function, pancreatic phenotype, pulmonary colonization and genotype severity.ResultsThe CFTR-chloride conductance was better in older patients (r = 0.40; P = 0.03), in patients with better pulmonary function (r = 0.48; P = 0.01), and was associated with genotype severity. Higher chloride diffusion in the presence of a favorable chemical gradient was associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa negativity (P < 0.05). More negative NPDmax was associated with pancreatic insufficiency (P < 0.01) as well with genotype severity, but not with the pulmonary function.ConclusionsThe anion permeability through CFTR, mainly chloride, but bicarbonate as well, is the most critical factor in CF airway pathophysiology. Treatments primarily directed to correct CFTR function and/or airway acidity are clearly a priority

Aggregation of Cyclodextrins: Fundamental Issues and Applications

The aggregation of cyclodextrins (CD) in aqueous solution is an old, yet still vastly unexplored topic that has been studied at least since the 1980s. At that time, few authors took into consideration the possibility of formation of aggregates for the interpretation of thermodynamic and thermophysical properties of CDs in aqueous solution. The aggregates appear at quite low CD concentrations and seem to encompass only a small number of CD molecules. They also occur in water in the presence of hydrophobic or amphiphilic moieties, including surfactants, assuming a preassembled state with the hydrophobic chains threading through one or two CDs. After a long period in which it has been neglected, CD aggregation is now a hot topic and one far from gathering consensus. In this chapter, a timely and critical review on the phenomenon of CD aggregation and the respective supramolecular properties, including some computational rationales, will be presented. A comprehensive summary of CD aggregates studied to date, indicating the formation conditions, characterization techniques, and applications, is also provided

Cartographic knowledge in the epistemology of school geography

Este trabalho é fortalecido pela Epistemologia da Complexidade que lida com a construção do conhecimento cujas verdades são provisórias. Assim, a utilizamos como método, que nos fortalece no entendimento da dialógica do conhecimento Cartográfico no Ensino da Geografia Escolar. Como objetivo, estudamos a construção do conhecimento da Cartografia na formação do professor de Geografia e as suas implicações no ensino escolar. Este ensaio discute algumas inquietações em nossa jornada enquanto professores e pesquisadores, como: no ambiente escolar existem deficiências na construção do conhecimento cartográfico, ou não? Existe ou não preocupação dos professores de Geografia em desmistificar o paradoxo do analfabetismo cartográfico no ensino escolar? Este desafio parece poder gerar outros desafios, na construção de novo objeto; e assim, produzir novas mobilizações, novas construções, num movimento recursivo e dialógico.This work is strengthened by the Epistemology of Complexity that deals with the construction of knowledge whose truths are provisional. Thus, we use it as a method, which strengthens us in the understanding of the dialogic of Cartographic knowledge in the Teaching of School Geography. As a goal, we study the construction of the knowledge of Cartography in the formation of the teacher of Geography and its implications in school education. This essay discusses some concerns in our journey as teachers and researchers, such as: are there deficiencies in the construction of the cartographic knowledge in the school environment? Is there a concern of Geography teachers in demystifying the paradox of cartographic illiteracy in school education? This challenge seems to be able to generate other challenges, in the construction of a new object; and thus, to produce new mobilizations, new constructions, in a recursive and dialogical movement

A CARTOGRAFIA SOCIAL NO CONTEXTO ESCOLAR: estudando espaços vividos a partir das representações de paisagens

Este artigo trata dos movimentos cartográficos, baseados na possibilidade dos sujeitos alunos do Ensino Fundamental em representar as paisagens do espaço vivido a partir da problematização da lógica cotidiana. Desta forma, este trabalho trilha para desafios de ensinar a Geografia numa dialógica com a Cartografia Escolar.  Reffestin, (2009), entende que o território não deve ser nada mais que o produto dos atores sociais; e que são esses sujeitos que produzem o território, partindo da realidade inicial dada. Mas como compreender o território se é processual? Através do conhecimento e da dúvida que criam o poder que é exercido pelos sujeitos de maneira individual ou em grupo. É nesta conotação que este trabalho objetiva considerar a Cartografia Social nas aprendizagens de Geografia. Nos ancoramos na Pesquisa Qualitativa, de cunho bibliográfico, a partir da importância que tem o conhecimento cartográfico construído nas escolas, pois os alunos, sujeitos sociais, podem questionar, analisar, diagnosticar complexidades provisórias, devendo ser partícipes sociais no território de (com)vivênci

Social cartography in the school context : studying lived spaces from landscapes representation

Este artigo trata dos diferentes movimentos cartográficos. É um recorte de uma pesquisa baseada na possibilidade dos sujeitos alunos do Ensino Fundamental em representar as paisagens do espaço vivido a partir da problematização da lógica cotidiana. O trabalho está ancorado na Teoria da Complexidade no qual é necessário uma constante autoria reflexiva. Desta forma, esta contribuição trilha para desafios de ensinar a Geografia numa dialógica com a Cartografia e a Cartografia Social. Apesar das constantes mutações, a paisagem é única, mas é processual. Consideramos a dinâmica relacional porque cada sujeito é envolvido na constituição de cada paisagem. A paisagem parece se revitalizar através das representações sociais que elaboramos sobre ela. Além disso, consideramos os fatores objetivos e subjetivos através da complexidade do olhar que reflete nos estudos geográficos. Mas como compreender a paisagem se é processual? Através do conhecimento e da dúvida que criam o poder que é exercido pelos sujeitos de maneira individual ou em grupo. É nesta conotação que este artigo objetiva considerar a Cartografia Social nas aprendizagens de Geografia. Ele é um recorte de uma pesquisa ancorada na Pesquisa Qualitativa de cunho bibliográfico e experimental. Portanto, sua metodologia é baseada nas experiências enquanto aproximação com uma constante pesquisa-ação. Isso ocorre a partir da importância que tem o conhecimento cartográfico construído nas escolas. Os alunos, considerados como sujeitos sociais, devem questionar, analisar, diagnosticar complexidades provisórias. Neste sentido, eles devem ser partícipes sociais no território de (com)vivênciaThis article deals with the different cartographic movements. It is an excerpt from a research based on the possibility of elementary school students to represent landscapes of the lived space from the problematization of everyday logic. The work is anchored in Complexity Theory in which constant reflexive authorship is necessary. Thus, this contribution to the challenges of using Geography in a dialog with Cartography and Social Cartography. Despite the constant changes, the landscape is unique, but it is procedural. Consider the relational dynamics because each subject is basic in the constitution of each landscape. The landscape seems to be revitalized through the social representations that we elaborate about it. In addition, it considers objective and subjective factors through the complexity of the look that reflect geographic studies. But how to understand the landscape if it is procedural? Through knowledge and doubt that create the power that is exercised by the subjects individually or in a group. It is in this connotation that this article aims to consider Social Cartography in the learning of Geography. It is an excerpt from a research anchored in the Qualitative Research of bibliographic and experimental nature. Therefore, its methodology is based on experiences while constant action research is approaching. This occurs due to the importance of the cartographic knowledge built in schools. Students, considered as social subjects, must question, analyze, diagnose provisional complexities. In this sense, they must be social participants in the territory of (with) experience

Exact Conformal Scalar Field Cosmologies

New exact solutions of Einstein's gravity coupled to a self-interacting conformal scalar field are derived in this work. Our approach extends a solution-generating technique originally introduced by Bekenstein for massless conformal scalar fields. Solutions are obtained for a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker geometry both for the cases of zero and non-zero curvatures, and a variety of interesting features are found. It is shown that one class of solutions tends asymptotically to a power-law inflationary behaviour $S(t)\sim t^p$ with $p>1$, while another class exhibits a late time approach to the $S(t)\sim t$ behaviour of the coasting models. Bouncing models which avoid an initial singularity are also obtained. A general discussion of the asymptotic behaviour and of the possibility of occurrence of inflation is provided.Comment: Latex, 27 pages plus 16 figures (not included, available from the authors upon request) DFFCUL-94-01-0