An empirical evaluation of changes in public service obligations in Spain

Public Service Obligations are a key mechanism for countries to improve connections among islands and remote regions with the Continent. While Public Service Obligations are allowed by the European Commission, they represent an interference with free market competition, and impact on the entrance of competitors, prices and service frequency. This study employs Canarian air market data for 2002-2015 to econometrically evaluate the effects of two changes in European policy on the number of passengers transported. The results point to the need to make market access more flexible to benefit society by generating increases in the volume of passengers moved

Brazilian resorts: An overall performance evaluation for the triennium 2013/2015

En este artículo se analisa la comercialización y el rendimento financiero de los resorts brasileños em el período entre 2013 y 2015. Las tasas de ocupación, ingresos medios y TrevPAR fueron analizados y puestos em analogía, donde hemos tratado de detectar el comportamiento de los índices y la tendência del desempeño em la gestión cotidiana de las empresas hoteleras. El tempo de la análisis engloba las etapas de pre y post evento de la Copa Mundial de la FIFA 2014. Tambíen se busco detectar los impactos financeiros generados por el evento global. Además de los datos de rendimento generales también fueron medidos los valores generados por los diferentes subgrupos de resorts, que fueron segmentados de acuerdo a su ubicación geográfica - playa y campo - y por tipo de pensión – los all inclusive y los que operan otros tipo de pension – com el fin de obtener um patrón estacional de comportamiento que caracteriza a cada uno de estos subgrupos. Además de las fuentes secundarias también se utilizaron técnicas de investigación com datos primarios generados por el acceso directo a la base de datos de la ABR – Associação Brasileira de Resorts, el órgano político principal representante del sector yunto a el Ministerio de Turismo de Brasil. Este estúdio tiene como objetivo contribuir a la creación de una herramienta de gestión diaria de los resorts com el fin de generar datos para mejorar la predictibilidad de comportamento mercadologico futuro de la indústria de resorts en Brasil.This article analyzes the marketing and financial performance of Brazilian Resorts in the period between 2013 and 2015. The occupancy rates, average revenue and TrevPAR were analyzed and put into analogy, where we sought to detect the behavior of revenues and the trend performance behavior in everyday management of hotel enterprises. The time of the survey universe involved the stages of pre and post World Cup FIFA event in 2014, also in order to detect the financial impacts generated by the global event. In addition to the general performance data were also measured values generated by different subgroups of resorts, which were subdivided according to their geographical location - beach and countryside - and by type of pension practiced - all inclusive and other types of pension - in order to obtain a seasonal pattern of behavior that characterizes each of these subgroups. In addition to secondary sources were also used research techniques with primary information generated by direct access to the database of the ABR-Associação Brasileira de Resorts, the main political body representative of the resort area in Brazil. This study aims to contribute to the creation of a daily management tool of the resorts in order to generate data to increase the predictability of future industry behavior

La comunicación educativa en la formación del especialista de Medicina General Integral (Revisión)

He work approaches the incidence of the educational communication in the specialist's formation in Integral General Medicine (MGI) of the professors of the policlínica "Jorge Gutiérrez Arderí", of Sagua of Tánamo, Holguín, in which are evident the limitations for the setting in practice of the same one, however, the carried out studies that they contribute roads, mechanisms, strategies for their potenciación are insufficient. It is especially a given pertinent and current topic the characteristics of this specialist's activity that it requires of the constant interaction with other people, the establishment of the doctor-patient relationship, which should be distinguished for their sensitive and human character, the understanding, to understand to other human beings and their diversity, to put into practice their capacity empática to be located in the place of the other one, to understand them, to be a humanist and ethical, among others. To give answer to that outlined he/she is carried out the present investigation that has as objective: to elaborate educational tasks for potenciar the educational communication of the professors of the specialty MGI of the educational policlínica "Jorge Fernández Arderí" of the municipality Sagua of Tánamo. Holguín. For their execution methods of investigation of the theoretical and empiric level were applied that allowed to deepen and to obtain information of the thematic investigation object and to sum up the diagnosis of the state that presents the educational communication of the professors of MGI respectively and this way to elaborate educational tasks guided to potenciarla.Resumen El  trabajo aborda  la incidencia de la comunicación educativa en la formación del especialista en Medicina General Integral (MGI) de los profesores de la policlínica “Jorge Gutiérrez Arderí”, de Sagua de Tánamo, Holguín,  en los cuales son evidentes  las limitaciones para la puesta en práctica de la misma, sin embargo, los estudios realizados que aporten vías, mecanismos, estrategias para su potenciación son  insuficientes. Es un tema pertinente y actual dada las características dela actividad de este especialista que requiere de la constante interacción con otras personas, en especial el establecimiento de la relación médico-paciente, la cual debe distinguirse por su carácter sensible y humano, la comprensión, entender a otros seres humanos y su diversidad, poner en práctica su  capacidad empática para situarse en el lugar del otro, comprenderlos, ser  un humanista y ético, entre otras. Para dar respuesta a lo planteado  se realiza la presente investigación que tiene como objetivo: elaborar tareas docentes para potenciar la comunicación educativa de los profesores de la especialidad MGI de la policlínica docente “Jorge Fernández Arderí” del municipio Sagua de Tánamo, Holguín. Para su cumplimiento se aplicaron métodos de investigación del nivel  teórico y empíricoque  permitieron profundizar y  obtener información dela temática objeto de investigación y concretar el diagnóstico del estado que presenta la comunicación educativa de los profesores de MGI respectivamente y así elaborar tareas docentes orientadas a potenciarla

Sustained high serum malondialdehyde levels are associated with severity and mortality in septic patients

This book digs into an area of international migration studies that has gained prominence in the past couple of decades: migrant smuggling. The regional focus is southern Europe, which receives immigrants from many African and Asian countries. Migrant smuggling is discussed in relation to EU and national policies, aimed at combating irregular migration, including increased surveillance and border controls.The authors are no newcomers to the field. Anna Triandafyllidou is a leading scholar in migration studies, having published extensively on various topics dealing with migration in Europe, and with a special interest in Greece and southern Europe. Thanos Maroukis, on the other hand, is an early career academic whose publications have focused specifically on migration in Greece. It is, therefore, not surprising that the authors approached this topic of migrant smuggling from Africa and Asia to Europe by focusing mainly on the situation in Greece and the Turkish-Greek route. The book is based on fieldwork, participant observation and interviews conducted in Athens. The empirical material is extensive, covering a broad range of actors.peer-reviewe

A de novo transcriptional atlas in Danaus plexippus reveals variability in dosage compensation across tissues

A detailed knowledge of gene function in the monarch butterfly is still lacking. Here we generate a genome assembly from a Mexican nonmigratory population and used RNA-seq data from 14 biological samples for gene annotation and to construct an atlas portraying the breadth of gene expression during most of the monarch life cycle. Two thirds of the genes show expression changes, with long noncoding RNAs being particularly finely regulated during adulthood, and male-biased expression being four times more common than female-biased. The two portions of the monarch heterochromosome Z, one ancestral to the Lepidoptera and the other resulting from a chromosomal fusion, display distinct association with sex-biased expression, reflecting sample-dependent incompleteness or absence of dosage compensation in the ancestral but not the novel portion of the Z. This study presents extended genomic and transcriptomic resources that will facilitate a better understanding of the monarch's adaptation to a changing environment

Influence of homogenization conditions on physical properties and antioxidant activity of fully biodegradable pea protein-alpha-tocopherol films

In this study, antioxidant biodegradable films based on pea protein and alpha-tocopherol were successfully developed by solution casting. The effect of both the homogenization conditions (rotor stator and microfluidizer) and the relative humidity (RH) on the microstructure and physical properties (transparency, tensile, oxygen and water vapour barrier properties) of pea protein/alpha-tocopherol-based films was evaluated. The addition of alpha-tocopherol produced minimal changes in the films transparency, while providing them with antioxidant properties and improved water vapour and oxygen barrier properties (up to 30 % in both water vapour and oxygen permeability) when films were at low and intermediate RH. The addition of alpha-tocopherol in microfluidized films gave rise to an increase in their resistance to break and extensibility (up to 27 % in E values) at intermediate and high RH. These results add a new insight into the potential of employing pea protein and alpha-tocopherol in the development of fully biodegradable antioxidant films which are of interest in food packagingThe authors acknowledge the financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia throughout the project AGL2010-20694, co-funded by FEDER. Author M.J.Fabra is a recipient of a Juan de la Cierva contract from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad.Fabra, MJ.; Jiménez, A.; Talens Oliag, P.; Chiralt, A. (2014). Influence of homogenization conditions on physical properties and antioxidant activity of fully biodegradable pea protein-alpha-tocopherol films. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 7(12):3569-3578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-014-1372-0S35693578712ASTM (1995). Standard test methods for water vapor transmission of materials. Standards Desingnations: E96-95. 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Effect of lipid self-association on the microstructure and physical properties of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose edible films containing fatty acids. Carbohydrate Polymers, 82(3), 585–593.Jiménez, A., Fabra, M. J., Talens, P., & Chiralt, A. (2013). Physical properties and antioxidant capacity of starch-sodium caseinate films containing lipids. Journal of Food Engineering, 116(3), 695–702.Jung, M. Y., & Min, D. B. (1990). Effects of alpha-. γ-, and δ-tocopherols on oxidative stability of soybean oil. Journal of Food Science, 55(5), 1464–1465.López-de-Dicastillo, C., Alonso, J. M., Catalá, R., Gavara, R., & Hernández-Muñoz, P. (2010). Improving the antioxidant protection of packaged food by incorporating natural flavonoids into ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) films. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58, 10958–10964.Ma, W., Tang, C.-H., Yin, S.-W., Yang, X. Q., Qi, J. R., & Xia, N. (2012). 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Revealing the last 13,500 years of environmental history from the multiproxy record of a mountain lake (Lago Enol, northern Iberian Peninsula)

This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-009-9387-7.We present the Holocene sequence from Lago Enol (43°16′N, 4°59′W, 1,070 m a.s.l.), Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain. A multiproxy analysis provided comprehensive information about regional humidity and temperature changes. The analysis included sedimentological descriptions, physical properties, organic carbon and carbonate content, mineralogy and geochemical composition together with biological proxies including diatom and ostracod assemblages. A detailed pollen study enabled reconstruction of variations in vegetation cover, which were interpreted in the context of climate changes and human impact. Four distinct stages were recognized for the last 13,500 years: (1) a cold and dry episode that includes the Younger Dryas event (13,500–11,600 cal. year BP); (2) a humid and warmer period characterizing the onset of the Holocene (11,600–8,700 cal. year BP); (3) a tendency toward a drier climate during the middle Holocene (8,700–4,650 cal. year BP); and (4) a return to humid conditions following landscape modification by human activity (pastoral activities, deforestation) in the late Holocene (4,650–2,200 cal. year BP). Superimposed on relatively stable landscape conditions (e.g. maintenance of well established forests), the typical environmental variability of the southern European region is observed at this site.The Spanish Inter-Ministry Commission of Science and Technology (CICYT), the Spanish National Parks agency, the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Science, and the European Social Fund