Amplitude of Accommodation and its Relation to Refractive Errors

<b>Aims:</b> To evaluate the relationship between amplitude of accommodation and refractive errors in the peri-presbyopic age group. <b> Materials and Methods:</b> Three hundred and sixteen right eyes of 316 consecutive patients in the age group 35-50 years who attended our outpatient clinic were studied. Emmetropes, hypermetropes and myopes with best-corrected visual acuity of 6/6 J1 in both eyes were included. The amplitude of accommodation (AA) was calculated by measuring the near point of accommodation (NPA). In patients with more than &#x00B1; 2 diopter sphere correction for distance, the NPA was also measured using appropriate soft contact lenses. <b> Results:<i> </b></i> There was a statistically significant difference in AA between myopes and hypermetropes (<i> P</i> <0.005) and between myopes and emmetropes (<i> P</i> <0.005) in the 35-39 year age group. In the 40- 44 year age group, there was a significant difference in AA between emmetropes and hypermetropes (<i> P</i> <0.0001), emmetropes and myopes (<i> P</i> <0.01) and hypermetropes and myopes (<i> P</i> <0.0001). In patients above 45 years of age there was no significant difference (<i> P</i> &gt;0.5). <i> </i>Conclusion: Our study showed higher amplitude of accommodation among myopes between 35 and 44 years compared to emmetropes and hypermetrope

Correlation between ocular parameters and amplitude of accommodation

Aim: To study the relationship between ocular parameters and amplitude of accommodation (AA) in the peri-presbyopic age group (35-50 years). Materials and Methods: Three hundred and sixteen right eyes of consecutive patients in the age group 35-50 years, who attended our outpatient clinic, were studied. Emmetropes, hypermetropes and myopes with best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20, J1 in both eyes were included. The AA was calculated by measuring the near point of accommodation. The axial length (AL), central anterior chamber depth (CACD) and lens thickness (LT) were also measured. Results: There was moderate correlation (Pearson&#x2032;s correlation coefficient r = 0.56) between AL and AA as well as between CACD and AA (r = 0.53) in myopes in the age group 35-39 years. In the other age groups and the groups taken as a whole, there was no correlation. In hypermetropes and emmetropes, there was no correlation between AA and the above ocular parameters. No significant correlation existed between LT and AA across different age groups and refractive errors. Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between AA and ocular parameters like anterior chamber depth, AL and LT

Reflections on Standards for Responsible – and High-Quality – Research: A Call for Peace

The essay explores the concept of responsible research and its principles vis-à-vis standards of high-quality research. Responsible research fulfills standards of high-quality academic research and, at the same time, contributes positively to society. Standards of high-quality research include the definition of a relevant research problem, scientific due diligence, rigor, coherence, validity and soundness, contribution, and readability and style. As for positive contributions to society, I argue that any positive impact, or service, to society can have, in substance, the meaning of contributing to one or more aspects of peace. The expanded concept of peace outlined in the essay offers a transrational consolidation of epistemic and social values. It is, therefore, at the heart of responsible research.Peer reviewe