ANALISIS NILAI TAMBAH, PENDAPATAN, DAN BAURAN PEMASARAN KOPI PADA AGROINDUSTRI KOPI BUBUK KLANGENAN PRINGSEWU

This research aims to analyze added value of coffee, income, and marketing mix of coffee in Agroindustry of Coffee Powder Klangenan Pringsewu. This research was conducted in Agroindustry of Klangenan Coffee Powder Pringsewu. This study uses a case study method, with sampling technique are purposive sampling and accidental sampling. Respondents in this research were divide into two, owner of agroindustry and consumer as many as 30 respondents. This study used Hayami’s value added analysis method, R/C total cost, and 7P marketing mix. Data of this research were collected in January 2021 until March 2021. The results show that the added value to the agroindustry was positive, which means that it is feasible to be cultivated and developed, and is included in the labor intensive category. The income of the agroindustry has a revenue ratio (R/C) for the total cost of more than one, which means that the coffee of agroindustry business is profitable and feasible to run. The marketing strategy of agroindustry has implemented the 7P marketing mix component, which the product, place, price, process, people, and physical evidence, where only the promotion component has not been used optimally, and must be developed and considered again.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai tambah kopi, pendapatan dan bauran pemasaran kopi pada Agroindustri Kopi Bubuk Klangenan Pringsewu.  Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Agroindustri Kopi Bubuk Klangenan Pringsewu, Kabupaten Pringsewu.  Metode penelitian ini adalah metode studi kasus dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling dan accidental sampling.  Responden dalam penelitian ini dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu pemilik agroindustri dan responden konsumen sebanyak 30 orang responden.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis nilai tambah Hayami, R/C atas biaya total, dan bauran pemasaran 7P.  Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2021 hingga Maret 2021.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai tambah pada agroindustri bernilai positif yang berarti layak diusahakan dan dikembangkan, serta termasuk ke dalam padat karya.  Pendapatan pada agorindustri memperoleh nilai nisbah penerimaan (R/C) atas biaya total lebih dari satu, yang artinya usaha agroindustri kopi menguntungkan dan layak untuk dijalankan.  Strategi pemasaran pada agroindustri sudah menerapkan komponen bauran pemasaran 7P, yaitu product, price, place, promotion, people, physical evidence, dan process, dimana hanya komponen promosi yang belum diterapkan secara optimal dan harus dikembangkan dan diperhatikan lagi.   Kata kunci: Agroindustri, bauran pemasaran, kopi, nilai tambah, pendapata

Structure du capital et performance des entreprises familiales françaises introduites en bourse

This thesis aims to analyze the capital structure and performance of French family firms going public. From a sample of 90 family firms belonging to CAC All-Tradable from 2010 to 2013, we find that the capital structure of family firms is characterized by a low level of debt with a preference for short-term debt relative to long-term debt. Moreover, the capital structure of family firms is in line with the classical theories of financing, the hypothesis of market timing, the theory of optimal debt ratio and the pecking order theory. Then we analyze the short-term and long-term performance of French family firms going public through Initial Public Offerings. The results show the different expropriation techniques employed by the family firms' owners. On the initial public offering date, the majority of family firms' owners are simultaneously CEOs and Chairmen of boards of directors. After going public, the family firms' owners hold around 80% of the firms' cash flow rights and we observe that the difference between their cash flow rights and their voting rights has increased. First-day underpricing is around 2% which shows that family firms are almost fairly priced upon issuance. The family firms outperform the market index in the first three months of issuance and after the third year. We also find that the ownership and control rights change from pre- to post-IPO date explains the short-term and long-term performance unlike governance mechanisms.Cette thèse a pour objectif d'analyser la structure du capital et la performance des entreprises familiales Françaises qui s'introduisent en Bourse. A partir d'un échantillon de 90 entreprises familiales appartenant à l'indice CAC All-Tradable de 2010 à 2013, nous constatons que la structure du capital des entreprises familiales est caractérisée par un faible niveau d'endettement avec une préférence pour l'endettement à court terme par rapport au long terme. De plus, la structure de capital des entreprises familiales vérifie les théories classiques du financement, l'hypothèse de ‘market timing', la théorie du ratio d'endettement optimal et de la théorie du financement hiérarchique. Ensuite, nous analysons les performances à court terme et à long terme des entreprises familiales françaises qui s'introduisent en Bourse. Les résultats montrent les différentes techniques d'expropriation employées par les propriétaires des entreprises familiales. A la date de l'introduction en bourse, la majorité des propriétaires des entreprises familiales sont à la fois les directeurs généraux et les présidents des conseils d'administration. Après l'introduction en bourse, les propriétaires des entreprises familiales détiennent environ 80% des droits des flux de trésorerie et nous constatons que la différence entre leurs droits aux flux de trésorerie et leurs droits de vote a augmenté. La sous-évaluation au premier jour est voisine de 2%, ce qui révèle que les entreprises familiales sont correctement évaluées lors de l'émission. Les entreprises familiales surperforment l'indice de marché dans les trois premiers mois de l'émission et après la troisième année. Nous trouvons aussi que le changement des droits de propriété et de contrôle avant et après l'introduction en Bourse explique les performances à court et à long terme contrairement aux mécanismes de gouvernance

Ejection fraction improvement in left ventricular-only pacing vs. BiVentricular pacing in patients with heart failure

Objective: Left ventricular (LV) pacing with resynchronization therapy improves ventricular synchrony in patients with decreased LV function and Left Bundle Branch Bock (LBBB). Ventricular activation in these cases may be obtained by recruiting the intrinsic atrioventricular (AV) conduction, over the right bundle branch that causes a multisite activation and a synchronized activity of the right ventricle and part of the septum. Fusion pacing between intrinsic AV conduction and LV capture initiates right ventricular (RV) activation and compensates for LV electrical delay. The goal of this study is to show that LV-only pacing is superior to BiVentricular (BiV) pacing in patients with LV systolic dysfunction and LBBB. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 2 different hospitals' registries in Lebanon. 121 consecutive patients were identified between January 2014 and December 2019. Patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 35%, a QRS interval ≥130 msec, and an LBBB pattern on full medical therapy were included in this study and divided in 2 groups: LV pacing and BiV pacing. All patients had echocardiograms before and 3 to 6 months post-device implantation. The primary endpoint was the change in ejection fraction, and the secondary endpoints were a decrease in systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP), a decrease in LV end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), and a decrease in LV end-systolic diameter (LVESD). Statistical analysis was done with SPSS software, and a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The study population was mostly males (69.4%) (mean LVEF of 26.5%, mean age of 67 years old), with 74 (61.2%) ischemic cardiomyopathy patients and 47 (38.8%) non-ischemic cardiomyopathy patients. Fifty (41.3%) patients were programmed as LV-only pacing. A statistically significant difference in improvement in ejection fraction (EF) was seen between the LV-only pacing arm (9.2%) and the BiV pacing arm (5.5%) (p=0.043, 95% CI (0.12-7.11)). Similarly, we noticed a significant decrease in the LVEDD (p=0.007, 95% CI (0.15-1.4)) and LVESD (p=0.03, 95% CI (0.13-1.8)) in the LV pacing compared to the BiV pacing group. There was a trend in favor of more SPAP improvement in the LV pacing group that did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that LV-only pacing mode significantly improves EF and LV size compared to BiV pacing mode

Evidence for high bi-allelic expression of activating Ly49 receptors

Stochastic expression is a hallmark of the Ly49 family that encode the main MHC class-I-recognizing receptors of mouse natural killer (NK) cells. This highly polygenic and polymorphic family includes both activating and inhibitory receptor genes and is one of genome's fastest evolving loci. The inhibitory Ly49 genes are expressed in a stochastic mono-allelic manner, possibly under the control of an upstream bi-directional early promoter and show mono-allelic DNA methylation patterns. To date, no studies have directly addressed the transcriptional regulation of the activating Ly49 receptors. Our study shows differences in DNA methylation pattern between activating and inhibitory genes in C57BL/6 and F1 hybrid mouse strains. We also show a bias towards bi-allelic expression of the activating receptors based on allele-specific single-cell RT–PCR in F1 hybrid NK cells for Ly49d and Ly49H expression in Ly49h+/− mice. Furthermore, we have identified a region of high sequence identity with possible transcriptional regulatory capacity for the activating Ly49 genes. Our results also point to a likely difference between NK and T-cells in their ability to transcribe the activating Ly49 genes. These studies highlight the complex regulation of this rapidly evolving gene family of central importance in mouse NK cell function

High genetic diversity with moderate differentiation in Juniperus excelsa from Lebanon and the eastern Mediterranean region

Juniperus excelsa constitutes a precious woody species of high ecological value able to grow up to Mountain treeline around the Mediterranean. Nuclear microsatellites were used to shed light on genetic diversity and differentiation of different Mediterranean populations. This information is essential in planning conservation strategies and reforestation programs

Overview of large area triple-GEM detectors for the CMS forward muon upgrade

In order to cope with the harsh environment expected from the high luminosity LHC, the CMS forward muon system requires an upgrade. The two main challenges expected in this environment are an increase in the trigger rate and increased background radiation leading to a potential degradation of the particle ID performance. Additionally, upgrades to other subdetectors of CMS allow for extended coverage for particle tracking, and adding muon system coverage to this region will further enhance the performance of CMS

Global outbreak research: harmony not hegemony

No abstract available

Higher COVID-19 pneumonia risk associated with anti-IFN-α than with anti-IFN-ω auto-Abs in children

We found that 19 (10.4%) of 183 unvaccinated children hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia had autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs (IFN-alpha 2 in 10 patients: IFN-alpha 2 only in three, IFN-alpha 2 plus IFN-omega in five, and IFN-alpha 2, IFN-omega plus IFN-beta in two; IFN-omega only in nine patients). Seven children (3.8%) had Abs neutralizing at least 10 ng/ml of one IFN, whereas the other 12 (6.6%) had Abs neutralizing only 100 pg/ml. The auto-Abs neutralized both unglycosylated and glycosylated IFNs. We also detected auto-Abs neutralizing 100 pg/ml IFN-alpha 2 in 4 of 2,267 uninfected children (0.2%) and auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-omega in 45 children (2%). The odds ratios (ORs) for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia were, therefore, higher for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-alpha 2 only (OR [95% CI] = 67.6 [5.7-9,196.6]) than for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-. only (OR [95% CI] = 2.6 [1.2-5.3]). ORs were also higher for auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 12.9 [4.6-35.9]) than for those neutralizing low concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 5.5 [3.1-9.6]) of IFN-omega and/or IFN-alpha 2