952 research outputs found
Aftershocks in Modern Perspectives: Complex Earthquake Network, Aging, and Non-Markovianity
The phenomenon of aftershocks is studied in view of science of complexity. In
particular, three different concepts are examined: (i) the complex-network
representation of seismicity, (ii) the event-event correlations, and (iii) the
effects of long-range memory. Regarding (i), it is shown the clustering
coefficient of the complex earthquake network exhibits a peculiar behavior at
and after main shocks. Regarding (ii), it is found that aftershocks experience
aging, and the associated scaling holds. And regarding (iii), the scaling
relation to be satisfied by a class of singular Markovian processes is
violated, implying the existence of the long-range memory in processes of
aftershocks.Comment: 28 pages, 6 figures and 1 table. Acta Geophysica, in pres
Violation of the scaling relation and non-Markovian nature of earthquake aftershocks
The statistical properties of earthquake aftershocks are studied. The scaling
relation for the exponents of the Omori law and the power-law calm time
distribution (i.e., the interoccurrence time distribution), which is valid if a
sequence of aftershocks is a singular Markovian process, is carefully examined.
Data analysis shows significant violation of the scaling relation, implying the
non-Markovian nature of aftershocks.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. Dedicated to Francois Bardou
(1968-2006
Scaling in the Inter-Event Time of Random and Seasonal Systems
Interevent times have been studied across various disciplines in search for
correlations. In this paper we show analytical and numerical evidence that at
the population level a power-law can be obtained by assuming poissonian agents
with different characteristic times, and at the individual level by assuming
poissonian agents that change the rates at which they perform an event in a
random or deterministic fashion. The range in which we expect to see this
behavior and the possible deviations from it are studied by considering the
shape of the rate distribution.Comment: 10 pages 2 figures. Physica A. (In Press
Nonextensive aspects of small-world networks
Nonextensive aspects of the degree distribution in Watts-Strogatz (WS)
small-world networks, , have been discussed in terms of a
generalized Gaussian (referred to as {\it -Gaussian}) which is derived by
the three approaches: the maximum-entropy method (MEM), stochastic differential
equation (SDE), and hidden-variable distribution (HVD). In MEM, the degree
distribution in complex networks has been obtained from -Gaussian
by maximizing the nonextensive information entropy with constraints on averages
of and in addition to the normalization condition. In SDE,
-Gaussian is derived from Langevin equations subject to additive and
multiplicative noises. In HVD, -Gaussian is made by a superposition of
Gaussians for random networks with fluctuating variances, in analogy to
superstatistics. Interestingly, {\it a single} may describe, with an
accuracy of \mid P_{SW}(k)-P_Q(k)\mid \siml 10^{-2} , main parts of degree
distributions of SW networks, within which about 96-99 percents of all
states are included. It has been demonstrated that the overall behavior of
including its tails may be well accounted for if the -dependence
is incorporated into the entropic index in MEM, which is realized in
microscopic Langevin equations with generalized multiplicative noises.Comment: 22 pages, 11 figures, accepted in Physca A with some augmentation
What are the Best Hierarchical Descriptors for Complex Networks?
This work reviews several hierarchical measurements of the topology of
complex networks and then applies feature selection concepts and methods in
order to quantify the relative importance of each measurement with respect to
the discrimination between four representative theoretical network models,
namely Erd\"{o}s-R\'enyi, Barab\'asi-Albert, Watts-Strogatz as well as a
geographical type of network. The obtained results confirmed that the four
models can be well-separated by using a combination of measurements. In
addition, the relative contribution of each considered feature for the overall
discrimination of the models was quantified in terms of the respective weights
in the canonical projection into two dimensions, with the traditional
clustering coefficient, hierarchical clustering coefficient and neighborhood
clustering coefficient resulting particularly effective. Interestingly, the
average shortest path length and hierarchical node degrees contributed little
for the separation of the four network models.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Anomalous scaling and Lee-Yang zeroes in Self-Organized Criticality
We show that the generating functions of avalanche observables in SOC models
exhibits a Lee-Yang phenomenon. This establishes a new link between the
classical theory of critical phenomena and SOC. A scaling theory of the
Lee-Yang zeroes is proposed including finite sampling effects.Comment: 33 pages, 19 figures, submitte
Structures of the Ets Protein DNA-binding Domains of Transcription Factors Etv1, Etv4, Etv5, and Fev: Determinants of DNA Binding and Redox Regulation by Disulfide Bond Formation.
Ets transcription factors, which share the conserved Ets DNA-binding domain, number nearly 30 members in humans and are particularly involved in developmental processes. Their deregulation following changes in expression, transcriptional activity, or by chromosomal translocation plays a critical role in carcinogenesis. Ets DNA binding, selectivity, and regulation have been extensively studied; however, questions still arise regarding binding specificity outside the core GGA recognition sequence and the mode of action of Ets post-translational modifications. Here, we report the crystal structures of Etv1, Etv4, Etv5, and Fev, alone and in complex with DNA. We identify previously unrecognized features of the protein-DNA interface. Interactions with the DNA backbone account for most of the binding affinity. We describe a highly coordinated network of water molecules acting in base selection upstream of the GGAA core and the structural features that may account for discrimination against methylated cytidine residues. Unexpectedly, all proteins crystallized as disulfide-linked dimers, exhibiting a novel interface (distant to the DNA recognition helix). Homodimers of Etv1, Etv4, and Etv5 could be reduced to monomers, leading to a 40-200-fold increase in DNA binding affinity. Hence, we present the first indication of a redox-dependent regulatory mechanism that may control the activity of this subset of oncogenic Ets transcription factors
Variational Principle underlying Scale Invariant Social Systems
MaxEnt's variational principle, in conjunction with Shannon's logarithmic
information measure, yields only exponential functional forms in
straightforward fashion. In this communication we show how to overcome this
limitation via the incorporation, into the variational process, of suitable
dynamical information. As a consequence, we are able to formulate a somewhat
generalized Shannonian Maximum Entropy approach which provides a unifying
"thermodynamic-like" explanation for the scale-invariant phenomena observed in
social contexts, as city-population distributions. We confirm the MaxEnt
predictions by means of numerical experiments with random walkers, and compare
them with some empirical data
Self-reported sleep duration and napping, cardiac risk factors and markers of subclinical vascular disease: cross-sectional study in older men.
STUDYOBJECTIVES: Daytime sleep has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and heart failure (HF), but the mechanisms remain unclear. We have investigated the association between daytime and night-time sleep patterns and cardiovascular risk markers in older adults including cardiac markers and subclinical markers of atherosclerosis (arterial stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT)). METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 1722 surviving men aged 71-92 examined in 2010-2012 across 24 British towns from a prospective study initiated in 1978-1980. Participants completed a questionnaire and were invited for a physical examination. Men with a history of heart attack or HF (n=251) were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS: Self-reported daytime sleep duration was associated with higher fasting glucose and insulin levels (p=0.02 and p=0.01, respectively) even after adjustment for age, body mass index, physical activity and social class. Compared with those with no daytime sleep, men with daytime sleep >1 hour, defined as excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), had a higher risk of raised N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide of ≥400 pg/mL, the diagnostic threshold for HF (OR (95% CI)=1.88 (1.15 to 3.1)), higher mean troponin, reduced lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) and elevated von Willebrand factor, a marker of endothelial dysfunction. However, EDS was unrelated to CIMT and arterial stiffness. By contrast, night-time sleep was only associated with HbA1c (short or long sleep) and arterial stiffness (short sleep). CONCLUSIONS: Daytime sleep duration of >1 hour may be an early indicator of HF
Dynamic Community Detection into Analyzing of Wildfires Events
The study and comprehension of complex systems are crucial intellectual and
scientific challenges of the 21st century. In this scenario, network science
has emerged as a mathematical tool to support the study of such systems.
Examples include environmental processes such as wildfires, which are known for
their considerable impact on human life. However, there is a considerable lack
of studies of wildfire from a network science perspective. Here, employing the
chronological network concept -- a temporal network where nodes are linked if
two consecutive events occur between them -- we investigate the information
that dynamic community structures reveal about the wildfires' dynamics.
Particularly, we explore a two-phase dynamic community detection approach,
i.e., we applied the Louvain algorithm on a series of snapshots. Then we used
the Jaccard similarity coefficient to match communities across adjacent
snapshots. Experiments with the MODIS dataset of fire events in the Amazon
basing were conducted. Our results show that the dynamic communities can reveal
wildfire patterns observed throughout the year.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figure
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