The Degree of Implementing the Elements of Hidden Curriculum in Physical Education Lesson

The present study aimed to identify the degree of implementing the elements of hidden curriculum in the lesson of physical education from the point of view of the academic supervisors of field training students in the faculty of physical education at the University of Jordan. In addition, it aimed to identify the statistical differences in the degree of employment elements hidden curriculum in the lesson of physical education from the point of view of the academic supervisor, attributed to the variable of the academic experience of the supervisor. The researchers adopted the descriptive approach to its suitability and objectives of the study. The sample of the study was composed of all academic supervisors on field training students for the first semester 2018/2019 at the faculty of physical education at the University of Jordan. Mathematical averages, standard deviations, relative importance, and t-test were used to answer the study's questions. In addition, a questionnaire was developed based on the HOSFORD elements of the hidden curriculum, which consists of (Time on task, Expectation, monitoring, problems assigned the student, class setting and organization of work). The results of the study showed that the field training students have a high degree of employing the elements of the hidden curriculum during their classes. The degree of employment is relatively important (68.20). The results showed that there isn’t any statistically significant difference that can be attributed to the years of experience at the level of α (0.05) between the averages of the field of employing the elements of the hidden curriculum in the share of physical education from the point of view of academic supervisor in field training students in the faculty of physical education. The researchers recommended shedding light on the hidden curriculum in theoretical subjects such as curricula and methods of teaching and clarifying the importance of the hidden curriculum of the student and the teacher in the school during field application. Keywords: Hidden Curriculum, Academic Supervisor, Field Training DOI: 10.7176/JEP/12-1-07 Publication date: January 31st 202

Population structure and genetic diversity of Sudanese native chickens

The objectives of this study were to analyze genetic diversity and population structure of Sudanese native chicken breeds involved in a conservation program. Five Sudanese native chicken breeds were compared with populations studied previously, which included six purebred lines, six African populations and one Sudanese chicken population. Twenty-nine (29) microsatellite markers were genotyped individually in these five populations. Expected and observed heterozygosity, mean number of alleles per locus and inbreeding coefficient were calculated. A model based cluster analysis was carried out and a Neighbor net was constructed based on marker estimated kinships. Two hundred and one alleles were detected in all populations, with a mean number of 6.93 ± 3.52 alleles per locus. The mean observed and expected heterozygosity across 29 loci was 0.524 and 0.552, respectively. Total inbreeding coefficient (FIT) was 0.069±0.112, while differentiation of subpopulations (FST 0.026±0.049) was low indicating the absence of clear sub-structuring of the Sudanese native chicken populations. The inbreeding coefficient (FIS) was 0.036±0.076. STRUCTURE software was used to cluster individuals to 2 ≤ k ≤ 7 assumed clusters. Solutions with the highest similarity coefficient were found at K=5 and K=6, in which Malawian, Zimbabwean, and purebred lines split from Sudanese gene pool. The six Sudanese native chicken populations formed one heterogeneous cluster. We concluded that Sudanese native chickens are highly diverse, and are genetically separated from Malawian, Zimbabwean chickens and six purebred lines. Our study reveals the absence of population sub-structuring of the Sudanese indigenous chicken populations.Key words: Genetic diversity, microsatellites, population structure, Sudanese native chickens

ANALYSIS OF THE MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DATE SEED POWDER-BASED COMPOSITE CARBON FIBER REINFORCED POLYMERS

Composites with fiber reinforcement are often a popular lightweight option. Due to their unique qualities, fiber-reinforced composites are the best alternative to traditional materials. Mechanical parameters of a carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy resin (CFRE) composite reinforced with date seed granulated powder (DSGP) were examined at the room temperature. The mechanical qualities included tensile, flexural, and impact strength. Enhanced mechanical properties were noticed compared to carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite produced using the hand lay-up method and vacuum bag. The DSGP-reinforced CFRE with weight ratios of 0%, 15%, 25%, and 35% were considered. The test results revealed the maximum values of breaking force, maximum bending force, energy absorption capacity, and hardness number for 15%, 35%, 25%, 25% Wt DSGP samples. The results show that the optimal composition for carbon fiber reinforced epoxy with date seed granules is in the range from 15% to 25% wt. GDS. This study reveals that carbon fiber-date seed-reinforced composites are excellent substitutes for carbon fiber composites since they offer better mechanical properties at a lower cost

درجة استخدام معلمي التربية الرياضية لإستراتيجيات التقويم البديل وأدواته في مدارس البادية الوسطى

الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة التعرُّف إلى درجة استخدام معلمي التربية الرياضية لإستراتيجيات التقويم البديل وأدواته في مدارس البادية الوسطى. المنهجية: استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي لملائمته لطبيعة الدراسة حيث تم تصميم مقياس من (23) فقرة مقسمة إلى ستة مجالات. المجال الأول التقويم المعتمد على الأداء، المجال الثاني القلم والورقة، المجال الثالث الملاحظة، المجال الرابع التواصل، المجال الخامس مراجعة الذات، المجال السادس أدوات التقويم البديل وبعد التأكد من صدق وثبات أداة الدراسة تم جمع البيانات من عينة الدراسة المكونة من (79) من معلمي التربية الرياضية في مدارس البادية الوسطى والذين تم اختيارهم من مجتمع الدراسة المكوًّن من (130) معلماً ومعلمة بالطريقة العشوائية المنتظمة. وأعتمدت الدراسة مقياس تصنيفي ثلاثي لوصف قيم المتوسطات الحسابية (1.00 – 2.33 منخفض)، ( 2.34– 3.67 متوسط)، (3.68-5.00 مرتفع). النتائج: أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن درجة استخدام معلمي التربية الرياضية لإستراتيجيات وأدوات التقويم البديل في مدارس البادية الوسطى كانت متوسطة (3.25 ± 0.54). حيث جاء مجال الملاحظة في المرتبة الاولى بمتوسط حسابي (4.08 ± 0.79)، وجاء في المرتبة الأخيرة مجال الورقة والقلم بمتوسط حسابي (2.23 ± 0.53). وأظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة (0.05 < α) بين متوسطات درجة استخدام إستراتيجيات التقويم البديل وأدواته في مدارس البادية الوسطى من حيث متغير النوع الاجتماعي وخبرة المعلمين. الخلاصة: تساعد هذه الدراسة القائمين على تطوير السياسات التربوية في وزارة التربية والتعليم بتضمين أدلة معلمي التربية الرياضية بإستراتيجيات التقويم البديل وأدواته بما يتناسب مع المرحلة الدراسية مما يعزز ويرتقي بالعملية التدريسية

Hidden cointegration reveals hidden values in Islamic investments

We explore long-run relationships between Islamic and conventional equity indices for the period 2000–2014. We adopt a hidden co-integration technique to decompose the series into positive and negative components; thus allowing the investigation of the indices during upward and downward markets. We find evidence of bi-directional dynamics during upward, downward and some mixed market movements. However, after adding control variables to our models, only the relationship for the negative components retains its significance; indicating that the Islamic index is the least responsive during bad times. This highlights the robust nature of Islamic investments and a possible differentiated investor reaction to financial information during market downtrends. Implications for practitioners are highlighted in a case study

Knowledge of dental academics about the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-country online survey.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a global pandemic affecting all aspects of life in all countries. We assessed COVID-19 knowledge and associated factors among dental academics in 26 countries. METHODS: We invited dental academics to participate in a cross-sectional, multi-country, online survey from March to April 2020. The survey collected data on knowledge of COVID-19 regarding the mode of transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, protection, and dental treatment precautions as well as participants' background variables. Multilevel linear models were used to assess the association between dental academics' knowledge of COVID-19 and individual level (personal and professional) and country-level (number of COVID-19 cases/ million population) factors accounting for random variation among countries. RESULTS: Two thousand forty-five academics participated in the survey (response rate 14.3%, with 54.7% female and 67% younger than 46 years of age). The mean (SD) knowledge percent score was 73.2 (11.2) %, and the score of knowledge of symptoms was significantly lower than the score of knowledge of diagnostic methods (53.1 and 85.4%, P <  0.0001). Knowledge score was significantly higher among those living with a partner/spouse than among those living alone (regression coefficient (B) = 0.48); higher among those with PhD degrees than among those with Bachelor of Dental Science degrees (B = 0.48); higher among those seeing 21 to 30 patients daily than among those seeing no patients (B = 0.65); and higher among those from countries with a higher number of COVID-19 cases/million population (B = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS: Dental academics had poorer knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms than of COVID-19 diagnostic methods. Living arrangements, academic degrees, patient load, and magnitude of the epidemic in the country were associated with COVD-19 knowledge among dental academics. Training of dental academics on COVID-19 can be designed using these findings to recruit those with the greatest need

Knowledge of dental academics about the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-country online survey

Background: COVID-19 is a global pandemic affecting all aspects of life in all countries. We assessed COVID-19 knowledge and associated factors among dental academics in 26 countries. Methods: We invited dental academics to participate in a cross-sectional, multi-country, online survey from March to April 2020. The survey collected data on knowledge of COVID-19 regarding the mode of transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, protection, and dental treatment precautions as well as participants’ background variables. Multilevel linear models were used to assess the association between dental academics’ knowledge of COVID-19 and individual level (personal and professional) and country-level (number of COVID-19 cases/ million population) factors accounting for random variation among countries. Results: Two thousand forty-five academics participated in the survey (response rate 14.3%, with 54.7% female and 67% younger than 46 years of age). The mean (SD) knowledge percent score was 73.2 (11.2) %, and the score of knowledge of symptoms was significantly lower than the score of knowledge of diagnostic methods (53.1 and 85.4%, P &lt; 0.0001). Knowledge score was significantly higher among those living with a partner/spouse than among those living alone (regression coefficient (B) = 0.48); higher among those with PhD degrees than among those with Bachelor of Dental Science degrees (B = 0.48); higher among those seeing 21 to 30 patients daily than among those seeing no patients (B = 0.65); and higher among those from countries with a higher number of COVID-19 cases/million population (B = 0.0007). Conclusions: Dental academics had poorer knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms than of COVID-19 diagnostic methods. Living arrangements, academic degrees, patient load, and magnitude of the epidemic in the country were associated with COVD-19 knowledge among dental academics. Training of dental academics on COVID-19 can be designed using these findings to recruit those with the greatest need

Perceived preparedness of dental academic institutions to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-country survey

Dental academic institutions are affected by COVID-19. We assessed the perceived COVID19 preparedness of these institutions and the characteristics of institutions with greater perceived preparedness. An international cross-sectional survey of dental academics was conducted from March to August 2020 to assess academics’ and institutional attributes, perceived preparedness, and availability of infection prevention and control (IPC) equipment. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified perceived preparedness components. Multilevel linear regression analysis assessed the association between perceived preparedness and fixed effect factors (academics’ and institutions’ attributes) with countries as random effect variable. Of the 1820 dental academics from 28 countries, 78.4% worked in public institutions and 75.2% reported temporary closure. PCA showed five components: clinic apparel, measures before and after patient care, institutional policies, and availability of IPC equipment. Significantly less perceived preparedness was reported in lower-middle income (LMICs) (B = −1.31, p = 0.006) and upper-middle income (UMICs) (B = −0.98, p = 0.02) countries than in high-income countries (HICs), in teaching only (B = −0.55, p &lt; 0.0001) and in research only (B = −1.22, p = 0.003) than teaching and research institutions and in institutions receiving ≤100 patients daily than those receiving &gt;100 patients (B = −0.38, p &lt; 0.0001). More perceived preparedness was reported by academics with administrative roles (B = 0.59, p &lt; 0.0001). Academics from low-income countries (LICs) and LMICs reported less availability of clinic apparel, IPC equipment, measures before patient care, and institutional policies but more measures during patient care. There was greater perceived preparedness in HICs and institutions with greater involvement in teaching, research, and patient care

Behavior change due to COVID-19 among dental academics-The theory of planned behavior: Stresses, worries, training, and pandemic severity

Objective: COVID-19 pandemic led to major life changes. We assessed the psychological impact of COVID-19 on dental academics globally and on changes in their behaviors. Methods: We invited dental academics to complete a cross-sectional, online survey from March to May 2020. The survey was based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The survey collected data on participants’ stress levels (using the Impact of Event Scale), attitude (fears, and worries because of COVID-19 extracted by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), perceived control (resulting from training on public health emergencies), norms (country-level COVID-19 fatality rate), and personal and professional backgrounds. We used multilevel regression models to assess the association between the study outcome variables (frequent handwashing and avoidance of crowded places) and explanatory variables (stress, attitude, perceived control and norms). Results: 1862 academics from 28 countries participated in the survey (response rate = 11.3%). Of those, 53.4% were female, 32.9% were <46 years old and 9.9% had severe stress. PCA extracted three main factors: fear of infection, worries because of professional responsibilities, and worries because of restricted mobility. These factors had significant dosedependent association with stress and were significantly associated with more frequent handwashing by dental academics (B = 0.56, 0.33, and 0.34) and avoiding crowded places (B = 0.55, 0.30, and 0.28). Low country fatality rates were significantly associated with more handwashing (B = -2.82) and avoiding crowded places (B = -6.61). Training on public health emergencies was not significantly associated with behavior change (B = -0.01 and -0.11). Conclusions: COVID-19 had a considerable psychological impact on dental academics. There was a direct, dose-dependent association between change in behaviors and worries but no association between these changes and training on public health emergencies. More change in behaviors was associated with lower country COVID-19 fatality rates. Fears and stresses were associated with greater adoption of preventive measures against the pandemic