Configurations sociales et spatiales de deux quartiers « politique de la ville » contrastés. Éléments d’observation comparés

Cet article repose sur une recherche ethnologique concernant la vie ordinaire des jeunes dans deux quartiers défavorisés de deux villes moyennes, l’une, traditionnellement bourgeoise, l’autre, traditionnellement ouvrière, intégrant un passé riche en luttes économiques et sociales. Un couple de jeunes enquêteurs a passé trois mois dans chaque quartier, vivant avec les jeunes.L’organisation de l’espace dans les « quartiers » et la fonction de la ville-centre engendrent des conséquences majeures dans l’organisation sociale des jeunes. En effet, le sentiment de relégation, d’agression, est fortement déterminé par le plan du quartier, le paysage urbain et la position socio-économique du sujet. La vie dans un quartier fermé sur lui-même gêne les déplacements hors du quartier, concrètement et psychologiquement et donc, la recherche de travail.Cependant, que le quartier soit clos ou ouvert, la présence des jeunes filles est rare dans l’espace public. Leur place est dans l’espace privé. Ceci est en relation avec la culture de la minorité dominante qui s’étend à toutes les autres. Dans les quartiers clos, les jeunes hommes sortiront périodiquement mais en groupes, pour se donner de l’assurance dans un environnement qu’ils vivent comme hostile. Au contraire, dans un quartier plus ouvert l’individualisation est possible, ainsi que l’intégration par le travail.This paper is based on an ethnological research on the Youth day-to-day life in two deprived areas of the suburbs, « les quartiers ». A couple of researchers remained three monthes in each area, living with the young people.We chose to study those two areas in two different medium cities, one of them being a traditionally middle-class city, the other a traditionally working class one, with a vivid history of social and economical struggles integrated to its life. The social differences between the city centres were essential to understand the situation of their deprived areas.Space organisation and the function of the city centre have crucial consequences on the social organisation of the young people. It appears that the feeling of being relegated, aggressed, is greatly determined by the map, the landscape of the area, and the social and economic position of the actor. Living in an enclosed area, as in the first « quartier », leads to difficulties to go out, in real and psychological terms, hence, to find a job. Travelling in and out the area depends greatly on the point above but, in both types of areas the girls are seldom present in the public space, in relation with the culture of the dominant minority, that spreads upon the others. If the deprived area is an enclosed one, the young males use to go to the city centre in groups, securing themselves in an hostile surrounding. At the reverse, in an « open area » individualisation and integration is possible.Este artículo se basa en una investigación etnológica sobre la vida diaria de los jóvenes en dos barrios desfavorecidos de dos ciudades promedio, una tradicionalmente burguesa y la otra tradicionalmente obrera, con un pasado rico en luchas económicas y sociales. Una pareja de jóvenes investigadores pasó tres meses en cada barrio, viviendo con los jóvenes.La organización del espacio en los “barrios” y la función de la ciudad-centro acarrean consecuencias importantes en la organización social de los jóvenes. De hecho, el sentimiento de relegación, de agresión, está fuertemente determinado por el plano del barrio, el paisaje urbano y la posición socioeconómica del sujeto. La vida en un barrio encerrado en sí mismo obstaculiza los desplazamientos fuera del barrio, concretamente y psicológicamente, y, por ende, la búsqueda de trabajo.Sin embargo, aunque el barrio sea cerrado o abierto, la presencia de muchachas jóvenes es escasa en el espacio público. Su lugar está en el espacio privado. Esto se relaciona con la cultura de la minoría dominante que se extiende a todos los demás. En los barrios cerrados los muchachos jóvenes salen periódicamente pero en grupo, para sentirse seguros en un entorno que ellos viven como hostil. Por el contrario, en un barrio más abierto, la individualización es posible, así como la integración por el trabajo

The Digital MIQE Guidelines Update: Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Digital PCR Experiments for 2020

Digital PCR (dPCR) has developed considerably since the publication of the Minimum Information for Publication of Digital PCR Experiments (dMIQE) guidelines in 2013, with advances in instrumentation, software, applications, and our understanding of its technological potential. Yet these developments also have associated challenges; data analysis steps, including threshold setting, can be difficult and preanalytical steps required to purify, concentrate, and modify nucleic acids can lead to measurement error. To assist independent corroboration of conclusions, comprehensive disclosure of all relevant experimental details is required. To support the community and reflect the growing use of dPCR, we present an update to dMIQE, dMIQE2020, including a simplified dMIQE table format to assist researchers in providing key experimental information and understanding of the associated experimental process. Adoption of dMIQE2020 by the scientific community will assist in standardizing experimental protocols, maximize efficient utilization of resources, and further enhance the impact of this powerful technology

Configurations sociales et spatiales de deux quartiers « politique de la ville » contrastés. Éléments d’observation comparés

This paper is based on an ethnological research on the Youth day-to-day life in two deprived areas of the suburbs, « les quartiers ». A couple of researchers remained three monthes in each area, living with the young people.We chose to study those two areas in two different medium cities, one of them being a traditionally middle-class city, the other a traditionally working class one, with a vivid history of social and economical struggles integrated to its life. The social differences between the city centres were essential to understand the situation of their deprived areas.Space organisation and the function of the city centre have crucial consequences on the social organisation of the young people. It appears that the feeling of being relegated, aggressed, is greatly determined by the map, the landscape of the area, and the social and economic position of the actor. Living in an enclosed area, as in the first « quartier », leads to difficulties to go out, in real and psychological terms, hence, to find a job. Travelling in and out the area depends greatly on the point above but, in both types of areas the girls are seldom present in the public space, in relation with the culture of the dominant minority, that spreads upon the others. If the deprived area is an enclosed one, the young males use to go to the city centre in groups, securing themselves in an hostile surrounding. At the reverse, in an « open area » individualisation and integration is possible