The Impact of Culture on Urban Spaces Approach About kotagede Cultural Influence Culture rule in shaping the urban space

The impact of culture on shaping our urban spaces as culture seems the reflection of human footprint on their own living spaces , culture which came from traditions and surrounding environment the adaption and mind set of group of people living in one place have similarities and own style that is reflected to their living spaces , creating the different types of architectures styles and spaces which make people from every continent have their own unique so the need to study about this moving factor which effect the spaces elements often as it known the urban spaces 5 element are ( streets – nods – edges – squares – plaza ) all of this urban elements shaping and modified due to the culture of the human living in current area according to their adaption of the surrounding factors As example concept of being close and socials at public spaces in one culture means open wide urban public spaces, in different culture different area different people it means the habitats need privacy and be more close to each other it mean the every area and place have its own features, so shaping the places needs more underrating about the living people and their adaption due to undersetting the circulation and forming their spaces. So to have a good closer understanding about the factors which shapes the living urban spaces according to the mindset of living human in current areas around the world .we need to know more about those factors and the relations between both of which are (Space and Culture ) that brings together dynamic, critica interdisciplinary theory and research on social spaces and specializations, everyday rhythms and cultural topologies at the interface of urban geography, sociology, cultural studies, studies of time-space, architectural theory, ethnography, media and urban studies, environmental studies. Space and Culture's unique focus is on social spaces, such as retail, laboratory, leisure spaces, suburbia, virtual spaces, diasporas spaces or mordancy, or the home and everyday life. In every issue, Space and Culture explores and critiques everyday life in contemporary cities, environment, and new media. The Tables of Contents of recent issues illustrate some of our changing discussions. This develops a post-humanist account of urban public space. It breaks with a long tradition that has located the culture and politics of public spaces such as streets and parks or libraries and town halls in the quality of inter-personal relations in such spaces. Instead, it argues that human dynamics in public space are centrally influenced by the entanglement and circulation of human and nonhuman bodies and matter in general, productive of a material culture that forms a kind of pre-cognitive template for civic and political behavior. This explores the idea of ‘situated surplus’, manifest in varying dimensions of compliance, as the force that produces a distinctive sense of urban collective culture and civic affirmation in urban life. The right to the city is becoming, in theory and in practice, a widespread, effective formulation of a set of demands to be actively thought through and pursue

The Motives for ISO 9000 Certification in the Malaysian Manufacturing Companies

This study was come to identify the real motives behind ISO 9000 Certification. Towards this goal, a survey of 300 ISO 9000 certified companies was carried out for the Malaysian Manufacturing Companies and to study the motives for ISO 9000 Certification. The survey also to determine the relationship between the motives and the improvement of seven basic Quality Management Practices such as leadership, information and analysis, strategic planning, human resource management of process quality, quality results and customer satisfaction. The survey was also design to determine the overall benefits gained from certification and the barriers faced during ISO 9000 Certification. The study revealed that other factors also can influence the performance of ISO 9000 Certification such as the period of time after the company has been certified and size 3 of company. Factor analysis was applied to identify the main factors in certification motives, benefits, barriers, and QM Practices, and their in-between relationship. The results indicate that companies which seek certification due to external pressure seem to gain fewer benefits from ISO 9000 Certification. While companies that seek certification for internal needs gain higher benefits through improvement of their human element and internal efficiency. The results also indicate that early certified companies have experienced greater benefits from ISO 9000 Certification than recently certified companies. There is no evidence that larger companies gain more benefits from ISO 9000 Certification than smaller ones

Stability of Some Models in Mathematical Biology

Lately there has been an increasing awareness of the adverse side effect from the use of pesticides on the environment and on human health. As an alternative solution attention has been directed to the so-called "Biological Control" where pests are removed from the environment by the use of another living but harmless organism. A detailed study of biological control requires a clear understanding on the types of interaction between the species involved. We have to know exactly the conditions under which the various species achieve stability and live in coexistence. It is here that mathematics can contribute in understanding and solving the problem. A number of models for single species are presented as an introduction to the study of two species interaction. Specifically the following interactions are studied: -Competition -Predation -Symbiosis. All the above interactions are modelled based on ordinary differential equations. But such models ignore many complicating factors. The presence of delays is one such factor. In the usual models it is tacitly assumed that the coefficients of change for a given species depend only on the instantaneous conditions. However biological processes are not temporally isolated, and the past influences the present and the future. In the real world the growth rate of a species does not respond immediately to changes in the population of interacting species, but rather will do so after a time lag. This concept should be taken into account, and this leads to the study of delay differential equations. However the mathematics required for the detailed analysis of the behaviour of such a model can be formidable, especially for biologists who share the subject. By the aid of computer and using Mathematica software (version 3.0), the main properties of the solutions of many models related to the various interactions can be clarified

An analysis of cultural translation procedures in four novels of Ibrāhīm al-Kawnī

This thesis seeks to investigate cultural translation procedures in four novels of Ibrāhīm al-Kawnī by Arabic-English translators. It also aims to assess to what extent the style and culture of the original work has been conveyed and preserved. In other words, it focuses on the original language, the language of the author and the source text. The aim is to allow the target reader to understand as much as possible of the content of the source text. Furthermore, the work considers translation equivalence theory as a framework within which several translations of the meaning of cultural terms have been analytically evaluated. The researcher selected 97 translated cultural words, phrases and identified various cultural and linguistic problems in their translation

The effects of rolling resistance on the stress-strain and strain localization behavior of granular materials due to simple shear loading conditions.

The previous studies has conclusively shown that rolling resistance is a significant parameter influencing the stress-strain and strain localization response of granular materials when a failure state can be reached in biaxial test with small strain, (2-4%) of axial strain [1, 2]. However, in order to allow for larger deformations, numerical experiments are carried out for a simple shear test. In these simulations strain localization can be obtained for relatively high shear strain. The main objective of this paper is to present the results of a comprehensive study using DEM modeling of the effects of the variation in rolling resistance on the elasticity, shear strength, dilation and bifurcation response of granular materials subjected to simple shear loading. A comprehensive parametric study is performed whereby the magnitude of rolling resistance is varied within its full range of possible values in conjunction with variations in other model parameters, and more practically to interpret the macroscopic behavior of granular specimens subjected to different loading conditions from the viewpoint of micromechanics

Der Fachsprachenunterricht an der German Jordanian University − Eine Bedarfsanalyse zur Lernzielbestimmung

Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die Problematik des Fachsprachenunterrichts Deutsch an den deutschen Hochschulen im Ausland am Beispiel der German Jordanian University (GJU) dar. Im Mittelpunkt dieses Beitrags steht eine Zusammenfassung der zentralen Forschungsergebnisse, die im Rahmen einer Bestandsanalyse zur Erfassung sprachlicher Schwierigkeiten von Ingenieurstudierenden der GJU während ihres Fachstudiums in Deutschland mittels einer Studierendenbefragung gewonnen wurden. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer Diskussion der Gesamtergebnisse sowie der Formulierung von Vorschlägen zur Weiterentwicklung und Verbesserung des Deutschunterrichts an der GJU

Valuing natural and cultural resources for eco-cultural tourism development : Libya's Green Mountain.

This study focuses on achieving eco-cultural tourism development via identification and evaluation of natural, cultural and then eco-cultural resources (in terms of capital and criticality) for identifying the potential of eco-cultural tourism development and also determining the drivers of and barriers to tourism development. This is achieved through the views and perceptions of different cohorts of stakeholders. The case study is Libya's Green Mountain region (hereafter known as LGM). This study has developed a new framework for the identification and evaluation of 'Eco-Cultural Tourism Capital' (ECTC) and 'Critical Eco-Cultural Tourism Capital' (CECTC), to indicate eco-cultural tourism development potential, and also to determine the drivers of and barriers to tourism development. The framework ultimately aims to achieve eco-cultural tourism development. For the purposes of this study, eco-cultural resources are a combination of natural and cultural resources. 'Potential' means resources that can be exploited for tourism development (in this case eco-cultural resources). 'Capital' refers to resources that are perceived to have touristic value and commoditisation value. 'Critical Capital' refers to the extent to which this capital is perceived to be important, unique and non-substitutable. The study found that many of the eco-cultural resources in LGM can be considered as ECTC because they have touristic value which refers to recreational, cultural, historical, health and other value. Such ECTC are considered CECTC because they are important, unique and non-substitutable. CECTC indicates the potential for eco-cultural tourism development and needs to be more carefully focused as well as managed and developed sustainably. There are many factors that encourage tourism development which are considered drivers of tourism development in LGM. On the other hand, there are barriers facing tourism development regarding the local community and lack of infrastructure, facilities and services. Determining drivers and barriers helps to identify the key elements that should be considered and involved in achieving eco-cultural tourism development. Therefore, for developing eco-cultural tourism in LGM, it is necessary to identify potential, local community involvement, investment, and take advantage of the drivers. The results of the study can be applied in other destinations where eco-cultural tourism is underdeveloped. This study contributes to the literature in regard to eco-cultural tourism development and its potential. It explains the ideas of ECTC and CECTC and how they can be used for developing eco-cultural tourism. It then develops a framework for developing eco-cultural tourism. The study also contributes to the body of knowledge about tourism industry in Libya and LGM and eco-cultural tourism in particular

Computational Investigation of the Post-yielding Behavior of 3D-Printed Polymer Lattice Structures

Sandwich structures are widely used due to their light weight, high specific strength, and high specific energy absorption. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has recently been explored for creating the lattice cores of these sandwich structures. Experimental evaluation of the mechanical response of lattice cell structures (LCSs) is expensive in time and materials. As such, the finite element analysis (FEA) can be used to predict the mechanical behavior of LCSs with many different design variations more economically. Though there have been several reports on the use of FEA to develop models for predicting the post-yielding stages of 3D-printed LCSs, they are still insufficient to be a more general purpose due to the limitations associated with the lattice prediction behavior of specific features, certain geometries, and common materials along with showing sometimes poor prediction due to the computationally cheap elements out of which these models have been composed in most cases. This study focuses on the response of different LCSs at post-yielding stages based on the hexahedral elements to capture accurately the behaviors of 3D-printed polymeric lattices made of the Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene material. For this reason, three types of lattices such as body centered cubic, tetrahedron with horizontal struts, and pyramidal are considered. The FEA models are developed to capture the post-yielding compressive behavior of these different LCSs. These models are used to understand and provide detailed information of the failure mechanisms and relation between post-yielding deformations and the topologies of the lattice. All of these configurations were tested before experimentally during compression in the z-direction under quasi-static conditions and are compared here with the FEA results. The post-yielding behavior obtained from FEA matches reasonably well with the experimental observations, providing the validity of the FEA models

Developing Scaling Laws to Predict Compressive Mechanical Properties and Determine Geometrical Parameters of Modified BCC Lattice Structures

The objective of this study is to develop generalized empirical closed-form equations to predict the compressive mechanical properties and determine geometrical parameters. To achieve that, 117 models are built and analyzed using ABAQUS/CAE 2016 to provide two types of reliable data: one for lattice mechanical properties based on finite element method and the other for geometrical parameters using the measurements of ABAQUS diagnostic tool. All the models are created by modifying the basic feature of body-centered cubic lattice structure based on a range of strut angles, a set of relative densities, and two design sets. Also, the influence of lattice cell tessellations and material distribution at strut intersections are considered within these models to provide accurate results. The first data set is fitted with the scaling laws, relating relative elastic modulus and stress with the relative density, to determine Gibson and Ashby\u27s coefficients. The second type of data regarding lattice geometries is correlated with the relative density to estimate actual lattice volume, strut radius, aspect ratio, and overall lattice volume. By this way, these equations can be used to predict directly the lattice characteristics and geometrical parameters without the need for ABAQUS. The results show that the generalized empirical closed-form equations can predict well both the lattice characteristics and geometries. In addition, the relative stresses and elastic modulus increase with increasing the strut angles since the main deformation mechanisms move toward stretch-dominated rather than bending. Besides, Gibson and Ashby\u27s coefficients along with the geometrical factors of aspect ratios are found to be approximately similar for both generations. This study contributes to developing efficient equations to provide the researchers with a preliminary insight about the best lattice design and its compatibility in a certain application before starting the fabrication process

Nematicidal Activity of Plant Extracts against the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne Sp on Tomato Plants

Pots experiment of tomato plants was conducted in Directorate of Diyala Agriculture, plant pathology Lab during 2016 , nematicidal activities of aqueous extracts from plants viz., Garlic, Ginger , Castor bean , Nerium and Eucalyptus were assayed against root knot nematode Meloidogyne sp. The results showed that nematicide (Oxymethoed LS) and Castor bean recorded maximum shoot weight of plants (10.6 and 9.0 g) respectively while root weight was increas­ed in treatments of Oxymethoed and ginger (2.45 and 1.5 g) respectively after control treatment (l7.53 g) whereas Oxymethoed and Nerium reduced number of juveniles/pot (0.0,80) respectively. Keywords: Meloidogyne sp, Garlic, Ginger, Castor bean, Nerium, Eucalyptus and Oxymethoed L