Market Reaction to Dividend Annoucements During Bear and Bull Periods

The stock market and economic activity move in similar cyclical patterns. This fundamental relationship has important ramifications. Firstly, it is solid evidence that stock prices are meaningful in the sense of reflecting real economic variables and not simply random numbers driven by the psyche, sunspots or the pronouncements of self-appointed seers. This study examines the short time price effect of dividend announcements during a bear market and a bull market. The data being used here is gathered from the years of 2000 - 2002, the years after the Asian financial crisis in 1998 and from the years of 2005 - 2007 when investors experienced large capital gains all around the world. The data consists of final dividend announcements and intact observations. The aim of this study is to find out differences in abnormal returns of dividend announcement differ during a bear and a bull market. Generally stated, the aim is to find out do investors value dividends more during a bear market than a bull market and can this be proved by using statistical test. This study is classified as a quantitative study and applies some form of statistical analysis. Therefore, linear regression analysis has been used. The empirical results from this study support that the abnormal returns of dividend announcements during the bear market were positively higher than those declared during a bull market. Thus, investors seem to value dividends more when stock prices are falling. Whereas abnormal returns of dividend announcement during a bull market are slightly smaller than a bear market may due to the investment opportunities by using internal funding that lead to cheaper cost of financing than external financing. The result overall samples state that the abnormal returns during the bear market were positively and slightly higher than during the bull market

SMART DETECTION FOR IDGH WATER LEVEL

The objectives of this project are to implement a water sensor to detect the increasing water and SMS system to warn personnel for safety precautions. The water sensor will detect the increasing water until it reaches a limit. RFID reader will send the signal with the data of personnel to the personnel mobile phone. By using GSM modem which it can be an external modem device; inserting a GSM SIM card into this modem, and connecting the modem to an available serial port on the computer, SMS will be sent through hand phone to the respective person in charge. The safety precautions can be taken aft.er receiving the alert message. The methodologies involved are mastering Virtual Basic for the SMS system (GSM modem) and construct a water sensor. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) will be linked to the sensor as it can transmit a signal. Simultaneously, at the end of this study, a small model is fabricated for further understanding of the project

Effect of centella asiatica (pegaga) fresh extract on learning and memory enhancement in rats / Nurul Wahida Abd Rahman

Memory disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease occurred mainly due to aging process. Aging will cause the degeneration of neurons and functional neuronal cells will decrease. The function ofmemory will decline by time thus will reduce the abilities of learning and memory processes. There are various synthetic drugs available for the treatment ofthese diseases. However, it will give bad side effects to the people who consumed it for the long-term period. Hence, the usage of natural product become a major choice among them. Centella asiatica has been used to treat ulcer, asthma, and inflammation. It has been reported to possess antitumor, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. Unfortunately, there is lack of scientific report about its ability to improve learning and memory status. The present study was conducted to study the effect of Centella asiatica fresh extract on learning and memory enhancement in rats. Two different species of Centella asiatica have been used which are small type and big type. The rats were divided into four groups which are control, low dose, medium dose, and high dose that were supplemented with distilled water, 6 mg/kg, 12 mg/kg, and 24 mg/kg respectively for six weeks. The extracts were given orally by force-feeding except for control group. After six weeks, the behavioural study assessment (Novel Object Discrimination) was carried out. Performance of the rats were evaluated by the time of exploring familiar and novel object and also the discrimination index (D2). Based on the results, low dose group of rats supplemented with Centella asiatica small type showed a positive value of D2 which indicates that they spent more time in exploring novel object compared to familiar object but it is not significantly different compared to control. The medium and high dose groups showed a negative values ofD2. Therefore, the effective dosage of this extract is 6 mg/kg. However, for rats that were supplemented with Centella asiatica big type extracts, all of them gave a positive value of D2 but only low dose group was significantly different to control group. This study suggested that both types ofCentella asiatica enhanced the learning and memory in rats. This study also showed that the big type of Centella asiatica fresh extract is more effective compared to Centella asiatica small type fresh extract

A Conversation Analysis of Facebook Confessions Pages: Identity and Identification

How individuals identify each other through digital media and display their claims of knowledge is at the core of this study. This work contributes new insights into how participants accomplished identity work by looking at the conversational resources they use in addressing matters of identity in their interaction. The study draws on Conversation Analysis (CA), particularly conceptual work on membership categorization analysis (MCA) and epistemics for analysis. The findings based on two interrelated aspects of the data taken from Facebook Confession Pages interaction. The first concerns the features of the initial (confessional) message, and the second relates to subsequent responses on the initial message. Close examination of the initial message shows ways that identity work is initiated as it would implicate in that subsequent response messages. Two primary forms of messages were then identified on the basis of person reference: those that inform and those that inquire. In each category, the analysis demonstrates that person reference is used as interactional resource in making an epistemic claim of the referent. The person reference is contextual in that they are locally based and understood within the specific contexts of the message. Thus, it is shown that the employment of person reference in the initial message illustrates the epistemic level that author has with the referent. Accordingly, analysis of the subsequent response messages demonstrated ways in which the identity, as presented in the initial message, is identified. The analysis of the subsequent response messages offers insight into how identity works is accomplished through a collaborative commenter’s epistemic stance. Additionally, the study also examines the technological element of FCPs that assist participants in their identity work that is Facebook name. It indicates that this Facebook functionality performed various interactional works including identification work as it provides a link to the right identified referent. Overall, the finding shows that as the identity work is performed, epistemic stance is a requisite component of the interactions. It then may challenge the notions of the invisibility of identity in digital contexts

Analysis of Electromagnetic Simulation Method for the Dielectric Lens Antenna

For the millimetre wave usage at 5G mobile communication system, a dielectric lens antenna will become a promising candidate for the base station antenna. In developing a dielectric lens antenna, antenna performance analysis by an electromagnetic simulator will be necessary. The structure of the proposed design is a hyperbolic dielectric lens antenna fed by a pyramidal horn at the operating frequency of 28GHz. In this paper, the abilities of a commercial electromagnetic simulator FEKO are investigated. Simulation methods of GO and MoM solvers are shown for electric field distributions on the antenna aperture and far field radiation patterns. The simulation results show that the optimum gain of lens antenna based on GO and MoM method are 26.68 dBi and 27.24 dBi, respectively. Moreover, multi beam radiation patterns and suitable feed positions are clarified for wide scanning angle. Good performance for multi beam application by using MoM is shown based on the off-focus characteristic where the antenna gain is only slightly reduced from 0.51 dBi to 4.03 dBi for 5.71° to 35.54°

SMART DETECTION FOR IDGH WATER LEVEL

The objectives of this project are to implement a water sensor to detect the increasing water and SMS system to warn personnel for safety precautions. The water sensor will detect the increasing water until it reaches a limit. RFID reader will send the signal with the data of personnel to the personnel mobile phone. By using GSM modem which it can be an external modem device; inserting a GSM SIM card into this modem, and connecting the modem to an available serial port on the computer, SMS will be sent through hand phone to the respective person in charge. The safety precautions can be taken aft.er receiving the alert message. The methodologies involved are mastering Virtual Basic for the SMS system (GSM modem) and construct a water sensor. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) will be linked to the sensor as it can transmit a signal. Simultaneously, at the end of this study, a small model is fabricated for further understanding of the project

Effects of deposition time and counter-electrode size on the fabrication of lscf-sdc carbonate composite cathode for sofc

The electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process has shown great potential in the development of cathodes for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). This study thus aimed to determine the feasibility of the electrophoretic deposition technique in producing composite cathode films. Two parameters were investigated, namely, the effects of counter electrode size and those of deposition time on the thickness and quality of an LSCF-SDC carbonate cathode composite deposited onto an SDC carbonate substrate. The effects of the changed parameters were observed by applying constant suspension pH and voltage. Five different deposition times ranging from 10 to 30 min were selected. The counter electrode sizes used were 25 × 25 mm2 and 50 × 50 mm2 . Then, the cathode composite films were sintered at 600°C for 90 min. Microstructural characterization and film thickness measurement were performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The 50 × 50 mm2 counter electrode was found to produce a cathode composite film with higher thickness. The effects of the selected parameters (deposition time and counter electrode size) were also determined by analyzing the weight and thickness of the obtained LSCF-SDC carbonate films. The results showed that for the selected time interval, a film thickness of 4.6 to 30.8 μm is generated. Further studies on fabricating LSCF-SDC carbonate cathode composites by electrophoretic deposition present promising potential given that the film thickness obtained agree well with those derived in previous studies on various types of cathode materials

Pre service teachers' voices while learning to teach: what can be learned from England?

An attempt to facilitate pre-service teachers learning, which is attuned with their learning needs, raises questions regarding how these pre-service teachers learn to teach. Learning to teach is developmental and it is a lifelong process; therefore, it puts heavy demands of cognitive, affective, and performance nature upon pre-service teachers (PSTs). In fact, it is a complex process as information which is useful to experienced teachers may not have the same value to beginners (Arends, 2004). An understanding of the process of learning to teach may help to clarify the role of teacher education programmemes especially at the pre-service level (Feiman-Nemser and Remillard, 1996). For instance, what do PSTs come to know about teaching and learning? How in the process of becoming teachers do PSTs replace notions about teaching and learning with practical knowledge of subject matter, pedagogy, learners, contexts, and learning that can inform their teaching judgments and actions? This paper discusses the findings from a study conducted at the Department of Educational Studies of a university in England. The study focused on how pre service teachers develop their knowledge of teaching throughout their teaching practice period. An in-depth semi-structured interview was carried out with the preservice teachers who were in their final semester of a one year postgraduate programme and at the time of the study, were in school experience (practicum) placements. Results were summarised into four main categories, namely pre-service teachers’ preparations of the lesson, expectations of the learning outcomes, reflections of their teaching and rooms for improvements. Understanding how pre-service teachers learn to teach would be a great help in designing teacher education programme effectively. The knowledge needed by the PSTs should be the guidelines in developing the curriculum of a teacher education programme

Entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurship career intention : case at a Malaysian Public University

Entrepreneurship intention for graduate student like many other job and work career options depends on other considerations. Literature reviews revealed that more research works are needed in examining the determinants of entrepreneurship intentions of students. This study is to determine the relationship between student’s entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurship intention. A total of 450 self-administered questionnaires were distributed to the students of the various faculties, races and student seniority at a Public University using the convenient and structured sampling method. Finally, 413 duly completed questionnaires were returned and used in the analyses. Correlation analysis and regression analysis showed that strength of motivation in choosing entrepreneurship as a career option among the students is related with entrepreneurship intention. The entrepreneurial motivation factors affecting career intention to be an entrepreneur are made up of behavioral control, subjective norm, and attitude towards entrepreneurship. Subjective norm (tolerance for risk) and attitude (desirability) of self-employment are significantly related to both student immediate and future intentions to be an entrepreneur. However, behavioral control entrepreneurial motivation is found to be significantly related to student immediate career intention but not significantly related to student future entrepreneurship career intention. Creating of opportunity for practice of key entrepreneurial behaviors is seen as crucial in cultivating entrepreneurial behaviors. Theory of Planned Behavior Model can be used as a tool to identify would be entrepreneur and target them for entrepreneurship career development. This study argued and supported the call that those youths who are really serious to start and own a business as would be entrepreneurs can be identified and targeted to develop through entrepreneurship interventions initiative

An Investigation of the Impact of Cylindrical Grinding Parameters on Surface Roughness

This paper presented an investigation of impact of cylindrical grinding parameter to surface roughness on SUS316 stainless steel. Grinding is the most common process when the workpiece demands good surface, dimensional and geometrical quality. In this experiment, the finding is the actual effect of surface roughness and the relationship for each parameter that have been choosing. The method that has been used to design the experiment was Design of Experiment (DOE) full factorial with two levels. The surface roughness of the workpiece has been analyzed by using a Portable Roughness Measurement Machine. The data will be compared and analyzed using MINITAB 14 software. The graphs have been created to shows the optimum factor and interaction between the factors. This experiment runs using three factors which are traverse speed, work speed and depth of cut