Variación del volumen de crédito productivo en el Ecuador y su incidencia en el PIB (2016-2021)

The purpose of this research study is to describe the variation in the volume of productive credit in Ecuador and determine its effect on GDP during the period 2016-2021 at the national level. It was developed through a mixed approach and with a study population that encompasses all the institutions of the financial system that grant productive credit. The information was collected through the databases of competent and reliable agencies, such as the Central Bank and the Superintendence of Popular and Solidarity Economy, available on their websites. Data processing required the use of descriptive and econometric statistics. The main results indicate that productive credit had an increase in the acceptance of members and clients due to the intervention of the Ecuadorian State through programs to reactivate the economy after the incidents caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. Next, a direct effect was established between the two study variables, so that the increase in productive credit represents an increase in GDP. Also, a growth of 9.42% and 13.02% in the volume of productive credit was projected for the years 2023 and 2024, respectively, and an increase of 0.18% and 1.07% in GDP. Finally, it is generally concluded that productive credit placements increased due to the government's action and that they do contribute to Ecuador's economic growth.El presente estudio de investigación tiene como objetivo describir la variación del volumen de crédito productivo en el Ecuador y determinar su efecto en el PIB durante el periodo 2016-2021 a nivel nacional. Se desarrolló mediante un enfoque mixto y con una población de estudio que abarca todas las instituciones del sistema financiero que otorgan créditos productivos. La información se recopiló a través de las bases de datos de organismos competentes y fiables, como el Banco Central y la Superintendencia de Economía Popular y Solidaria, disponibles en sus páginas webs. Para el procesamiento de los datos fue necesario el uso de la estadística descriptiva y econométrica. Los principales resultados indican que el crédito productivo tuvo un incremento en la aceptación de los socios y clientes debido a la intervención del estado ecuatoriano mediante programas para reactivar la economía después de los incidentes provocados por la pandemia Covid-19. Seguidamente, se estableció un efecto directo entre las dos variables de estudio, por lo que, el aumento del crédito productivo representa una ampliación en el PIB. También, se proyectó un crecimiento para los años 2023 y 2024 del volumen de crédito productico en 9,42% y 13,02% respectivamente, y un aumento del PIB en 0,18% y 1,07%. Finalmente, se concluye de forma general que las colocaciones del crédito productivo aumentaron por las acciones del gobierno y que éstas sí contribuyen al crecimiento económico del Ecuador

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Measurement of spin correlations in t-tbar production using the matrix element method in the muon+jets final state in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

The consistency of the spin correlation strength in top quark pair production with the standard model (SM) prediction is tested in the muon+jets final state. The events are selected from pp collisions, collected by the CMS detector, at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse-femtobarns. The data are compared with the expectation for the spin correlation predicted by the SM and with the expectation of no correlation. Using a template fit method, the fraction of events that show SM spin correlations is measured to be 0.72 +/- 0.08 (stat) +0.15 -0.13 (syst), representing the most precise measurement of this quantity in the lepton+jets final state to date

Search for Vector-Like Charge 2/3 T Quarks in Proton-Proton Collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 8 TeV

A search for fermionic top quark partners T of charge 2/3 is presented. The search is carried out in proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns collected at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The T quarks are assumed to be produced strongly in pairs and can decay into tH, tZ, and bW. The search is performed in five exclusive channels: a single-lepton channel, a multilepton channel, two all-hadronic channels optimized either for the bW or the tH decay, and one channel in which the Higgs boson decays into two photons. The results are found to be compatible with the standard model expectations in all the investigated final states. A statistical combination of these results is performed and lower limits on the T quark mass are set. Depending on the branching fractions, lower mass limits between 720 and 920 GeV at 95% confidence level are found. These are among the strongest limits on vector-like T quarks obtained to date

Azimuthal decorrelation of jets widely separated in rapidity in pp collisions at s=\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV

The decorrelation in the azimuthal angle between the most forward and the most backward jets (Mueller-Navelet jets) is measured in data collected in pp collisions with the CMS detector at the LHC at $\sqrt{s} =$ 7 TeV. The measurement is presented in the form of distributions of azimuthal-angle differences, $\Delta\phi$, between the Mueller-Navelet jets, the average cosines of $(\pi-\Delta\phi)$, $2(\pi-\Delta\phi)$, and $3(\pi-\Delta\phi)$, and ratios of these cosines. The jets are required to have transverse momenta, $p_{\mathrm{T}}$, in excess of 35 GeV and rapidities, $| y |$, of less than 4.7. The results are presented as a function of the rapidity separation, $\Delta{y}$, between the Mueller-Navelet jets, reaching $\Delta{y}$ up to 9.4 for the first time. The results are compared to predictions of various Monte Carlo event generators and to analytical predictions based on the DGLAP and BFKL parton evolution schemes

Study of B meson production in pPb collisions at sNN=\sqrt{s_{ \rm{NN}}} = = 5.02 TeV

The production cross sections of the B+, B0, and B0s mesons, and of their charge conjugates, are measured via exclusive hadronic decays in pPb collisions at the center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s_{ \rm{NN}}} =$ = 5.02 TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The dataset used for this analysis corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 34.6 inverse-nanobarns. The production cross sections are measured in the transverse momentum range between 10 and 60 GeV/c. No significant modification is observed compared to proton-proton perturbative QCD calculations scaled by the number of incoherent nucleon-nucleon collisions. These results provide a baseline for the study of in-medium b quark energy loss in PbPb collisions