Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Influence de l'atteinte polyartérielle sur le devenir à long terme des patients éligibles à une revascularisation myocardique chirurgicale (à propos de 589 patients)

Le risque vasculaire global est un facteur prédictif reconnu d'évènements majeurs chez les patients coronariens. L'objectif de notre travail est d'établir dans un premier temps une cartographie globale des lésions athéromateuses des patients éligibles à une revascularisation myocardique chirurgicale. II est surtout d'étudier le devenir au long cours de ces patients en fonction de la présence ou non d'une atteinte athéromateuse extra coronarienne. Il s'agit d'une étude monocentrique rétrospective portant sur une population consécutive de 589 patients ayant bénéficié d'un pontage aorto-coronarien durant la période 2003-2005. 40% des patients de notre population présentent une atteinte athéromateuse extracoronarienne. Comparés au groupe des patients exclusivement coronariens (groupe 1), l'étude des patients du groupe 2 montre une population plus âgée (p<0,001), à prédominance masculine (p=0,04), plus hypertendus (p=0,002), ayant plus d'antécédents coronariens (p=0,03), rénaux (p<0,001) et respiratoires (p=0,005). L'évaluation des évènements cardiovasculaires au terme du suivi de 2 ans montre en analyse univariée une différence significative en termes de décès toutes causes, de décès d'origine cardio-vasculaires, d'AVC ou AIT, et d'évènements ischémiques périphériques. En analyse multivariée, l'atteinte athéromateuse extracoronarienne est un facteur prédictif indépendant de décès de toutes causes [HR= 3,2 (1.8-5.7), p<0.001]. Au delà de l'impact sur la stratégie chirurgicale et les suites opératoires, l'évaluation de l'étendue de la maladie athéromateuse est primordiale sur le devenir à long terme des patients candidats une revascularisation myocardique chirurgicale.NANCY1-SCD Medecine (545472101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Apple cell wall contribution to fruit viscoelasticitic properties

Symposium organisé par l'NRA et l'Université d'Avignon, co-organiseurs : CTCPA et Optifel avec l'aide d'Effost, Terralia et Agropolis.Apple cell wall contribution to fruit viscoelasticitic properties. Fruit and Vegetable Processing 201

OPTIQ-BIODIVERSITÉ : Outils et processus pour une territorialisation intégrée de la qualité de la biodiversité

La question des outils et processus propres à faciliter l'intégration de l'enjeu biodiversité par les acteurs des territoires est au coeur du présent projet. L'originalité du projet repose sur le fait qu'il s'intéresse aux outils et processus qui permettent de mobiliser les ressorts positifs d'implication des acteurs : cette voie de recherche, à ce jour peu explorée, conduit à concevoir des politiques de prise en charge de la biodiversité partagées par les acteurs de la forêt et du bois, ce qui doit garantir une meilleure implication des partenaires et une plus grande solidité du partenariat dans la durée. Le projet s'appuie sur des démarches de recherche-action conduites dans plusieurs territoires forestiers français : Haut-Allier, Plateau de Millevache, PNR du Morvan. Il combine différents types d'outils et de processus : 1. des outils de facilitation stratégique développés pour conduire des actions en situation complexe et multiacteurs ; 2. des outils cartographiques et géomatiques permettant le partage des connaissances, l'échange entre acteurs, la simulation de scénarios... ; 3. des expertises relevant du champ de l'économie (évaluation des coûts induits par les actions de prise en charge de la biodiversité, étude des modes de contractualisation) et éventuellement du droit de l'environnement

OPTIQ-BIODIVERSITÉ : Outils et processus pour une territorialisation intégrée de la qualité de la biodiversité

La question des outils et processus propres à faciliter l'intégration de l'enjeu biodiversité par les acteurs des territoires est au coeur du présent projet. L'originalité du projet repose sur le fait qu'il s'intéresse aux outils et processus qui permettent de mobiliser les ressorts positifs d'implication des acteurs : cette voie de recherche, à ce jour peu explorée, conduit à concevoir des politiques de prise en charge de la biodiversité partagées par les acteurs de la forêt et du bois, ce qui doit garantir une meilleure implication des partenaires et une plus grande solidité du partenariat dans la durée. Le projet s'appuie sur des démarches de recherche-action conduites dans plusieurs territoires forestiers français : Haut-Allier, Plateau de Millevache, PNR du Morvan. Il combine différents types d'outils et de processus : 1. des outils de facilitation stratégique développés pour conduire des actions en situation complexe et multiacteurs ; 2. des outils cartographiques et géomatiques permettant le partage des connaissances, l'échange entre acteurs, la simulation de scénarios... ; 3. des expertises relevant du champ de l'économie (évaluation des coûts induits par les actions de prise en charge de la biodiversité, étude des modes de contractualisation) et éventuellement du droit de l'environnement

Mid-Term Impact of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents on Intraocular Pressure

Correspondance : [email protected] audienceThe effect of intraocular injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on intraocular pressure (IOP) has not been clearly stated. We extracted data from the electronic health records at Dijon University Hospital of 750 patients who were unilaterally injected with anti-VEGF agents between March 2012 and March 2020. These were treatment-naïve patients who had received at least three injections of the same treatment (aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab) in one eye only, and had IOP measurements before and after the injections. Fellow untreated eyes were used as comparators. A clinically significant IOP rise was determined as an IOP above 21 mmHg and an increase of at least 6 mmHg compared to baseline, or the need for IOP-lowering agents. We found an overall slight increase in IOP between treated and untreated eyes at 6 months (+0.67 ± 3.33 mmHg, 95% confidence interval 0.33–1.02, p < 0.001). Ranibizumab had a higher final IOP at 1 and 3 months. Age, sex, and the number of injections were not associated with IOP variation. Ranibizumab was associated with a higher rate of increase in clinically significant IOP at 6 months (p = 0.03). Our study confirms that anti-VEGF injections constitute a relatively safe treatment regarding their impact on IOP

Vascular density with optical coherence tomography angiography and systemic biomarkers in low and high cardiovascular risk patients

International audienceWe aimed to compare retinal vascular density in optical coherence tomography Angiography (oct-A) between patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome (AcS) and control patients and to investigate correlation with angiogenesis biomarkers. patients hospitalized for an acute coronary syndrome (AcS) in the intensive care Unit were included in the "high cardiovascular risk" group while patients without cardiovascular risk presenting in the ophthalmology department were included as "control". Both groups had blood sampling and OCT-A imaging. Retina microvascularization density in the superficial capillary plexus was measured on 3 × 3 mm angiograms centered on the macula. Angiopoietin-2, TGF-β1, osteoprotegerin, GDF-15 and ST-2 were explored with ELISA or multiplex method. Overall, 62 eyes of ACS patients and 42 eyes of controls were included. ACS patients had significantly lower inner vessel length density than control patients (p = 0.004). A ROC curve found that an inner vessel length density threshold below 20.05 mm −1 was moderately associated with AcS. Significant correlation was found between serum levels of angiopoietin-2 and osteoprotegerin, and retinal microvascularization in OCT-A (R = − 0.293, p = 0.003; R = − 0.310, p = 0.001). Lower inner vessel length density measured with oct-A was associated with AcS event and was also correlated with higher concentrations of angiopoietin-2 and osteoprotegerin. In spite of the improvements in diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), aging of population and urbanization make CVD one of the world's major disease burdens 1,2. Indeed, CVD remain a main cause of premature deaths and disability worldwide, with an estimated 16.7 million deaths in 2010, and projections show an overwhelming 23.3 million by 2030 3. Cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus lead to systemic inflammation, vascular and cardiac oxidative stress, which contribute to coronary dysfunction and microvascular impairment 4. Thus, coronary macro and microvascular alterations are closely associated and together contribute to the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia 5. The assessment of myocardial microvascularization is then of major interest in order to estimate the risk of acute coronary events; however, only invasive procedures, using intra vascular contrast agents, are currently available 6

The global downregulation of protein synthesis observed during hepatogenic maturation is associated with a decrease in TOP mRNA translation

Translational regulation is of paramount importance for proteome remodeling during stem cell differentiation at both the global and the transcript-specific levels. In this study, we characterized translational remodeling during hepatogenic differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by polysome profiling. We demonstrate that protein synthesis increases during exit from pluripotency and is then globally repressed during later steps of hepatogenic maturation. This global downregulation of translation is accompanied by a decrease in the abundance of protein components of the translation machinery, which involves a global reduction in translational efficiency of terminal oligopyrimidine tract (TOP) mRNA encoding translation-related factors. Despite global translational repression during hepatogenic differentiation, key hepatogenic genes remain efficiently translated, and the translation of several transcripts involved in hepatospecific functions and metabolic maturation is even induced. We conclude that, during hepatogenic differentiation, a global decrease in protein synthesis is accompanied by a specific translational rewiring of hepatospecific transcripts