Métodos y técnicas de monitoreo y predicción temprana en los escenarios de riesgos socionaturales

Esta obra concentra los métodos y las técnicas fundamentales para el seguimiento y monitoreo de las dinámicas de los escenarios de riesgos socionaturales (geológicos e hidrometeorológicos) y tiene como objetivo general orientar, apoyar y acompañar a los directivos y operativos de protección civil en aterrizar las acciones y políticas públicas enfocadas a la gestión del riesgo local de desastre

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Modeling and imaging of ground penetrating radar data

textGround Penetrating Radar (GPR) is an active and non-invasive exploration technique based on the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the subsurface. Modeling of GPR data is important because it helps us with data interpretation and forms the basis (solution to the forward problem) for most iterative inversion techniques. Conversely, migration (or imaging) is a type of inversion technique (backward propagation) that creates an image related to the subsurface reflectivity and can be used to estimate the model parameters of the media that affect the propagation of the waves. However, for practical applications, modeling and migration techniques must be fast, accurate and efficient. I have developed a fast, efficient and accurate GPR modeling technique for stratified media (isotropic and laterally homogeneous layers) based on the invariant imbedding or reflectivity technique. To test the results obtained with this technique, and have a general tool for modeling of GPR data in heterogeneous, dispersive and isotropic media, I have implemented a 3D explicit Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) technique. The FDTD formalism is presented in conjunction with a discussion of the electromagnetic dispersion mechanisms that affect the GPR signal in most geologic media. I show that the results obtained with the reflectivity and FDTD techniques are nearly identical for laterally homogeneous media. Real GPR data is used to study the capabilities and practical aspects that affect the accuracy of the reflectivity technique. I have developed a new technique for migration of GPR data in heterogeneous and lossy media. I have implemented the technique in 2D media and presented the formalism for its extension to 3D media. The new technique, based on the Split Step Fourier migration technique, allows us to efficiently include the dispersion and attenuation effects in the media. An approximation of homogeneous plane waves, which do not add new restrictions to the Split Step Fourier technique, gives greater stability to the imaging technique allowing us to migrate the data through thicknesses up to three times the characteristic skin depths of the media computed at the dominant frequency of the GPR signal.Geological Science

The influence of anxiety and personality factors on comfort and reachability space a correlational study

Although the effects of several personality factors on interpersonal space (i.e. social space within personal comfort area) are well documented, it is not clear whether they also extend to peripersonal space (i.e. reaching space). Indeed, no study has directly compared these spaces in relation to personality and anxiety factors even though such a comparison would help to clarify to what extent they share similar mechanisms and characteristics. The aim of the present paper was to investigate whether personality dimensions and anxiety levels are associated with reaching and comfort distances. Seventy university students (35 females) were administered the Big Five Questionnaire and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; afterwards, they had to provide reachability- and comfort-distance judgments towards human confederates while standing still (passive) or walking towards them (active). The correlation analyses showed that both spaces were positively related to anxiety and negatively correlated with the Dynamism in the active condition. Moreover, in the passive condition higher Emotional Stability was related to shorter comfort distance, while higher cognitive Openness was associated with shorter reachability distance. The implications of these results are discussed

The effect of facial expressions on peripersonal and interpersonal spaces

Identifying individuals' intent through the emotional valence conveyed by their facial expression influences our capacity to approach-avoid these individuals during social interactions. Here, we explore if and how the emotional valence of others' facial expressiveness modulates peripersonal-action and interpersonal-social spaces. Through Immersive Virtual Reality, participants determined reachability-distance (for peripersonal space) and comfort-distance (for interpersonal space) from male/female virtual confederates exhibiting happy, angry and neutral facial expressions while being approached by (passive-approach) or walking toward (active-approach) them. Results showed an increase of distance when seeing angry rather than happy confederates in both approach conditions of comfort-distance. The effect also appeared in reachability-distance, but only in the passive-approach. Anger prompts avoidant behaviors, and thus an expansion of distance, particularly with a potential violation of near body space by an intruder. Overall, the findings suggest that peripersonal-action space, in comparison with interpersonal-social space, is similarly sensitive to the emotional valence of stimuli. We propose that this similarity could reflect a common adaptive mechanism shared by these spaces, presumably at different degrees, for ensuring self-protection functions

A REESTRUTURAÇÃO DO PROJETO PEDAGÓGICO DE UM CURSO DE LICENCIATURA EM FÍSICA DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE PÚBLICA: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE LICENCIANDOS AO PROCESSO

Relatamos aqui conclusões de um estudo sobre formação inicial de professores, cujos dados foram constituídos durante o processo de reestruturação de um projeto pedagógico de um curso de licenciatura em Física de uma universidade pública. Durante esse processo, foram consideradas a legislação pertinente e as demandas de licenciandos, docentes universitários e de professores de Física em exercício na educação básica que, contribuindo a partir de diferentes posições, colaboraram fornecendo elementos para a configuração final do projeto. Para a leitura e interpretação dos discursos desses segmentos, foram adotadas como referências noções sobre desenvolvimento curricular e análise do discurso. Nesta comunicação, analisamos apenas as contribuições dos licenciandos envolvidos no processo

Comunicare l'istituzione. L'Università come narrazione.

Una riflessione sul progetto di comunicazione per le istituzioni pubbliche come occasione per parlare di grafica di Pubblica Utilità. Il volume racconta il caso del progetto di re-branding dell'Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, ma coglie l'occasione per costruire un punto di vista critico rispetto alle metodologie che un Ateneo deve poter adottare per comunicare la propria policy e sul proprio ruolo di attore pubblico

The influence of anxiety and personality factors on comfort and reachability space a correlational study

Although the effects of several personality factors on interpersonal space (i.e. social space within personal comfort area) are well documented, it is not clear whether they also extend to peripersonal space (i.e. reaching space). Indeed, no study has directly compared these spaces in relation to personality and anxiety factors even though such a comparison would help to clarify to what extent they share similar mechanisms and characteristics. The aim of the present paper was to investigate whether personality dimensions and anxiety levels are associated with reaching and comfort distances. Seventy university students (35 females) were administered the Big Five Questionnaire and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; afterwards, they had to provide reachability- and comfort-distance judgments towards human confederates while standing still (passive) or walking towards them (active). The correlation analyses showed that both spaces were positively related to anxiety and negatively correlated with the Dynamism in the active condition. Moreover, in the passive condition higher Emotional Stability was related to shorter comfort distance, while higher cognitive Openness was associated with shorter reachability distance. The implications of these results are discussed

A REESTRUTURAÇÃO DO PROJETO PEDAGÓGICO DE UM CURSO DE LICENCIATURA EM FÍSICA DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE PÚBLICA: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE LICENCIANDOS AO PROCESSO

Relatamos aqui conclusões de um estudo sobre formação inicial de professores, cujos dados foram constituídos durante o processo de reestruturação de um projeto pedagógico de um curso de licenciatura em Física de uma universidade pública. Durante esse processo, foram consideradas a legislação pertinente e as demandas de licenciandos, docentes universitários e de professores de Física em exercício na educação básica que, contribuindo a partir de diferentes posições, colaboraram fornecendo elementos para a configuração final do projeto. Para a leitura e interpretação dos discursos desses segmentos, foram adotadas como referências noções sobre desenvolvimento curricular e análise do discurso. Nesta comunicação, analisamos apenas as contribuições dos licenciandos envolvidos no processo