Perancangan Reaktor Biogas di Uptd Pasar Ternak Palangki

Sektor peternakan menyumbang 37% metana dan 65% nitro oksida (lebih kuat dari CO2), gas metana adalah sebuah gas yang dihasilkan dari proses pencernaan hewan dapat mencapai 86 juta ton/tahun dan metana yang terlepas dari kotoran hewan mencapai 18 juta ton/tahun. (Laporan LIVESTOCKS, FAO tahun 2007). Apabila disederhanakan, tulisan diatas menerangkan bahwa limbah kotoran yang dihasilkan dari satu ekor sapi dewasa ikut memberikan andil terhadap pemanasan global (Global Warming) hal itu disebabkan tidak adanya perlakuan yang tepat dan kotoran disimpan di area terbuka sehingga terkena sinar matahari langsung akibatnya gas metan yang dihasilkan dari kotoran hewan menguap. Salah satu sumber dari kotoran hewan yang ada di Indonesia adalah pasar ternak. UPTD Pasar Ternak Palangki merupakan pasar ternak terbesar se-Sumatera Barat, Pasar Ternak ini berada di Nagari Palangki, Kecamatan IV Nagari Kabupaten Sijunjung, rata-rata setiap tahun (2011 – 2016) hewan yang masuk ke UPTD ini mencapai 22215 ekor, salah satu solusi teknologi untuk mengatasi kotoran hewan adalah biogas

Abundance and Diversity of Echinoderm in Pari Island, Seribu Islands

Pari Island is one of the island in the Seribu Islands region. Abundance of echinoderms in Pari Island waters has been observed since 1969. In this research, data of echinoderms was collected on March 2011 applying quadratic transect method 1 x 1 m2, as well as freely collection methods using snorkel and scuba equipment. Thirteen individuals of echinoderms were collected during the study, one species (Archaster typicus) was found by quadratic transect method and 12 species of echinoderms by freely collection methods. The density of starfish Archaster typicus at the sites was between 2.1 to 4.3 individual/m2

Kajian Pencemaran Air Tanah oleh Lindi di Sekitar Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Sampah Air Dingin Kota Padang

Tempat pembuangan akhir Air Dingin Kota Padang operasionalnya menggunakan sistem Open damping. Terdapat Perumahan penduduk pada radius 200 m dari TPA yang menjadikan air sumur dangkal sebagai sumber air utama dan perlu dilakukan permodelan menggunakan model Domenico and Scwartz untuk mengetahui sejauh mana penyebaran lindi pada air tanah. Parameter yang di simulasi meliputi Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Timbal (Pb) dan Besi (Fe). Dari hasil pengukuran lindi TPA melebihi baku mutu Kep. No. 51/MENLH/I0/1995 Fe 5,4 mg/L, Pb 0,85 mg/L dan COD 3400 mg/L . Pengukuran kontaminan pada sumur warga di lakukan pada 3 sumur dengan jarak 300, 600 dan 900 meter dari TPA searah aliran air tanah. Hasil pengukuran parameter pada sumur warga menunjukan nilai COD yang tinggi. Simulasi Fe dan Pb yang berasal dari lindi telah menyebar ± 175 m dari TPA mengikuti aliran air tanah. Penyebaran kontaminan COD mencapai ± 40 m arah longitudinal dan ± 200 m arah transversal. Prediksi Pencemaran Fe dan Pb pada air tanah terjadi 93 tahun yang akan datang dan mencapai jarak 312 meter dari TPA. Sedangkan konsentrasi COD mengalami fase steady state pada jarak 40 meter dari TPA.Tingginya nilai kontaminan COD yang terukur pada sumur warga di sekitar TPA Air Dingin Padang bukan disebabkan oleh pencemaran lindi TPA, namun disebabkan faktor lain seperti kandungan COD yang tinggi pada air tanah di sekitar lokasi TPA

Cellular Senescence in Aging Lungs and Diseases

Cellular senescence represents a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest occurring naturally or in response to exogenous stressors. Following the initial arrest, progressive phenotypic changes define conditions of cellular senescence. Understanding molecular mechanisms that drive senescence can help to recognize the importance of such pathways in lung health and disease. There is increasing interest in the role of cellular senescence in conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in the context of understanding pathophysiology and identification of novel therapies. Herein, we discuss the current knowledge of molecular mechanisms and mitochondrial dysfunction regulating different aspects of cellular senescence-related to chronic lung diseases to develop rational strategies for modulating the senescent cell phenotype in the lung for therapeutic benefit

Modifikasi Model Power Soccer Wheelchair (Kursi Roda Elektronik Power Soccer) sebagai Alat Latihan Olahraga Power Soccer Bagi Atlet Tuna Daksa

The purpose of this research is to create an electronic wheelchair sport designed for power soccer. The authors try modify Wheelchair Power Soccer (Electronic Power Wheel Chair Soccer) as a Tool of Power Soccer Sports Exercise for disable Athletes. The system is a solution and that the author gave innovation and contribute to the problem using the physically disabled football is still manual. We innovate to create electronic wheelchair as a tool for physically disable soccer athletes.Performance results wheelchair soccer power tools (electronic power wheelchair soccer) is driven in accordance with the commands sent by a joystick control that will be received by the control circuit ATmega8535 microcontroller and the output is the motion that moved by motor stepper. The tool is able to browse for a maximum of 32 minutes on flat roads with power supply of 6V 4.5 Ah. Optimal video radius of less than 5 meters

ANALISIS RISIKO OPERASIONAL MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN DISTRIBUSI KERUGIAN DENGAN METODE AGREGAT

Operational risk is defined as the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes or external problems. Insurance companies as financial institution that also faced at risk. Recording of operating losses in insurance companies, were not properly conducted so that the impact on the limited data for operational losses. In this work, the data of operational loss observed from the payment of the claim. In general, the number of insurance claims can be modelled using the Poisson distribution, where the expected value of the claims is similar with variance, while the negative binomial distribution, the expected value was bound to be less than the variance.Analysis tools are used in the measurement of the potential loss is the loss distribution approach with the aggregate method. In the aggregate method, loss data grouped in a frequency distribution and severity distribution. After doing 10.000 times simulation are resulted total loss of claim value, which is total from individual claim every simulation. Then from the result was set the value of potential loss (OpVar) at a certain level confidence

RILEM TC 247-DTA round robin test: carbonation and chloride penetration testing of alkali-activated concretes

Many standardised durability testing methods have been developed for Portland cement-based concretes, but require validation to determine whether they are also applicable to alkali-activated materials. To address this question, RILEM TC 247-DTA ‘Durability Testing of Alkali-Activated Materials’ carried out round robin testing of carbonation and chloride penetration test methods, applied to five different alkali-activated concretes based on fly ash, blast furnace slag or metakaolin. The methods appeared overall to demonstrate an intrinsic precision comparable to their precision when applied to conventional concretes. The ranking of test outcomes for pairs of concretes of similar binder chemistry was satisfactory, but rankings were not always reliable when comparing alkali-activated concretes based on different precursors. Accelerated carbonation testing gave similar results for fly ash-based and blast furnace slag-based alkali-activated concretes, whereas natural carbonation testing did not. Carbonation of concrete specimens was observed to have occurred already during curing, which has implications for extrapolation of carbonation testing results to longer service life periods. Accelerated chloride penetration testing according to NT BUILD 443 ranked the tested concretes consistently, while this was not the case for the rapid chloride migration test. Both of these chloride penetration testing methods exhibited comparatively low precision when applied to blast furnace slag-based concretes which are more resistant to chloride ingress than the other materials tested

RILEM TC 247-DTA round robin test: mix design and reproducibility of compressive strength of alkali-activated concretes

The aim of RILEM TC 247-DTA ‘Durability Testing of Alkali-Activated Materials’ is to identify and validate methodologies for testing the durability of alkali-activated concretes. To underpin the durability testing work of this committee, five alkali-activated concrete mixes were developed based on blast furnace slag, fly ash, and flash-calcined metakaolin. The concretes were designed with different intended performance levels, aiming to assess the capability of test methods to discriminate between concretes on this basis. A total of fifteen laboratories worldwide participated in this round robin test programme, where all concretes were produced with the same mix designs, from single-source aluminosilicate precursors and locally available aggregates. This paper reports the mix designs tested, and the compressive strength results obtained, including critical insight into reasons for the observed variability in strength within and between laboratories

Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial

Background: The EMPA KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. Methods: EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. Findings: Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5–2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62–0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16–1·59), representing a 50% (42–58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). Interpretation: In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. Funding: Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council