El estudio de la autoridad como tarea actual

Presentación del Dossie

La individuación y el trabajo de los individuos

Este artículo parte por reconocer la creciente importancia del individuo para la comprensión de las sociedades en el momento actual al mismo tiempo que subrayar ciertos impasses cuando la estrategia privilegiada para ello es la socialización o la subjetivación. En este contexto, y una vez formuladas una serie de críticas a estas vías, el artículo presenta y desarrolla las maneras en que es posible desde la individuación dar cuenta por un lado, a escala del individuo, de las principales pruebas de un tipo de sociedad y, por el otro, analizar concretamente las maneras como en este marco los individuos son capaces de construirse como sujetos.This article starts by recognizing the growing importance of the conception of the Individual in order to understand contemporary societies, while it focuses on certain impasses arising when socialization and subjectivation strategies are favoured to approach this subject matter. After formulating some criticism to both of these strategies, the article presents and develops the ways in which individuation allows explaining, at the scale of the individual, the main trials in a specific society, and it analyzes how individuals are able to build themselves as subjects within this framework

School and merit: reflections from the Chilean experience

Este artículo discute la importancia y centralidad que ha adquirido el mérito en la sociedad chilena hoy, enfocándose principalmente en sus efectos asociados con la experiencia educacional. El argumento es desarrollado en tres pasos. Luego de una presentación del contexto histórico y de las transformaciones sociales que dan cuenta de su expansión, se analizan sobre todo las maneras en que el reconocimiento del mérito es distintamente evaluado en las diferentes etapas de la trayectoria escolar por las clases medias y los sectores populares. En un tercer momento, se muestra de qué manera a través del extendido recurso a las redes sociales y a los contactos interpersonales, la expansión del mérito se acompaña del surgimiento de un nuevo horizonte de injusticia social. El artículo pone en evidencia, así, a la vez el fuerte consenso en torno al valor del mérito en Chile y los sentimientos de injusticia y frustración que ello engendra en los individuos. La discusión presentada se basa en los resultados de dos estudios cualitativos. La primera investigación se desarrolló en las ciudades de Santiago, Concepción y Valparaíso, entre 2007 y 2009, a través de alrededor de un centenar de entrevistas a hombres y mujeres de entre 30 y 55 años, pertenecientes la mitad de ellos a sectores populares urbanos y la otra mitad a las clases medias y medias-altas. La segunda investigación, en curso, aportó al análisis dieciséis entrevistas hechas en Santiago, a lo largo del 2014, a partir de las cuales se profundizó la problemática del mérito.This article discusses the importance and centrality that merit has in Chilean society today, focusing on its multidirectional relationships to the educational realm. Our argument will be developed in three steps. Firstly, we will present the historical context of the social transformations that are to be related with the expansion of the principle of merit in this society. Secondly, we will analyze the manners in which the recognition of merit is evaluated at each of the different stages of school trajectories by members of middle and popular sectors. Finally, we will describe and discuss the way in which, due to the maintained impact of social networks and interpersonal contacts, the expansion of merit is closely related to the emergence of a new horizon of social injustice. Consequently, the article evidences that, concerning the expansion of the principle of merit in Chile, we face a twofold process: the emergence of a strong consensus about the value of merit, and the widespread sentiments of injustice and frustration that it produces in individuals. This discussion is based upon the findings of two qualitative studies. The first one was developed between 2007 and 2009 in Santiago, Concepción and Valparaíso cities, in Chile. About one hundred interviews were held with men and women aged 30 to 55 years of middle and popular sectors. The second, an ongoing study, provided our analysis with sixteen interviews, which were carried out in Santiago in 2014, and enabled us to further analyze the merit theme

El activismo religioso conservador en Latinoamérica

Pertenece a la colección Religión, Género y Sexualidad / dirigida por Juan M. Vaggione ; v.3El libro reúne un conjunto de análisis que ponen en evidencia la heterogeneidad y la complejidad de las estrategias de influencia de la religión como uno de los principales sostenes de sistemas heteronormativos en nuestras sociedades contemporáneas. Tanto al nivel de los actores como de los discursos, las formas en que las religiones influencian las discusiones sobre políticas de sexualidad han adoptado diversas modalidades de actuación adaptándose a los momentos políticos. Así, los artículos que integran la compilación se dirigen a complejizar el rol de lo religioso en la política sexual contemporánea incluyendo en esta problematización distintos ejes de análisis y marcos teóricos. Haciendo foco en diferentes países de América Latina, con sus escenarios y problemas, los artículos abordan las variadas dimensiones del activismo religioso conservador en nuestra región

Understanding parental views of adolescent sexuality and sex education in Ecuador: a qualitative study

Parents' contribution to sex education is increasingly receiving research attention. This growing interest stems from recognition of the influence that parental attitudes may have both on young people's sexual attitudes and behaviour, and on school-based sex education. Studies regarding parental attitudes towards sexuality are, however, still rare. The two main objectives of this study were to explore parental views about sexuality and to understand parental attitudes towards sex education. Four focus group discussions were conducted with parents from high schools in Cuenca, Ecuador. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The study revealed that parents held a restricted view about sex education, grounded in traditional religious ideas about sexuality, which led parents to understand it as a morally and physically dangerous activity. Although parents expressed a willingness to make good quality sex education available to their children, they reported having insufficient personal resources to fulfil that objective. The results of this study provide important information about the need to develop and adapt sex education to each specific cultural context, thereby confirming the importance of knowing about the cultural traditions and religious beliefs that may form obstacles to effective sex education for young people in Ecuador.Cuencavolumen 14; número

A pesquisa sobre jovens no Brasil: traçando novos desafios a partir de dados quantitativos

Resumo A partir de análise da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra Domiciliar (PNAD), abrangendo dois períodos (2004 e 2014), este artigo explora mudanças e permanências na situação de jovens nos campos da educação, do trabalho e da vida familiar. Ao mesmo tempo, explicita como essas dimensões são experimentadas de modo variado por moças e rapazes e segundo clivagens como idade, raça/cor e renda familiar. É considerando esse exercício que se busca delinear, ainda que em caráter preliminar e exploratório, novos desafios para a pesquisa sobre a condição juvenil e os jovens brasileiros. Faz parte dessa agenda a compreensão sobre como as mudanças socioeconômicas experimentadas na última década, bem como sua recente inflexão, declinam na experiência da atual geração de jovens, seja em termos de um conjunto de novas expectativas, seja em desafios para satisfação de tais aspirações. Por outro lado, destaca-se a necessidade de uma perspectiva atenta à compreensão desses indivíduos em suas trajetórias, de seus modos de vida, dos desafios comuns que lhes são propostos e do modo como são por eles respondidos nesse momento do percurso de vida

A sociological study of equality

Based upon the results of three empirical studies conducted in Chile, this paper discusses: (1) the expansion of the perception of a specific type of inequalities in this society: interactive inequalities. These are perceived inequalities that focus on the treatment received in ordinary interactions between individuals and between these and institutions; (2) The fact that these new perceptions must be understood in the context of specific socio- historical transformations of the meanings and scope of the notion of equality. Therefore, this paper pays attention to the paths by which equality has acquired new content in Chilean society – equality in the social bond – making possible and legitimizing the perception of what we have called interactive inequalities. Finally, it argues for the importance and analytical priority of the sociological study of equality, especially when approaching inequalities