Line-tied boundary conditions can cause resonant absorption models to generate unphysically large boundary layers

This project has received funding from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK) through the consolidated grant ST/N000609/1.This paper uses linear magnetohydrodynamics to model resonant absorption in coronal plasma with a Cartesian coordinate system. We impose line-tied boundary conditions and tilt the background magnetic field to be oblique to the transition region. Halberstadt & Goedbloed, Goedbloed & Halberstadt, and Arregui et al. show that line-tied boundary conditions cause their resonant absorption models to produce steep boundary layers/evanescent fast waves. We aim to study the importance of boundary layers and assess their significance in a solar context. We calculate solutions in a model where we impose line-tied boundary conditions and compare this with a model where we include the chromosphere instead. Results are calculated analytically and then verified numerically. We show that line-tied boundary conditions can cause the model to overestimate the boundary layers' amplitude significantly. If the fast waves can propagate in the chromosphere, then the line-tied model accurately predicts the boundary layers' amplitude. However, if the fast waves are evanescent, then the boundary layers' size is reduced significantly, and the line-tied model overestimates their amplitude. This leads to the counterintuitive result that length scales tangential to the transition region can play an essential role in determining line-tied boundary conditions' validity. The results suggest that line-tied boundary conditions can cause the model to generate unphysically large boundary layers. However, researchers may wish to continue to use them in their models for their simplicity and ability to significantly reduce computation time if they understand and are aware of their flaws.PostprintPeer reviewe

How effective are Indonesian national parks at conserving biodiversity? A spatial analysis

In a world of declining biodiversity, Indonesia stands out in particular due to the richness of its diversity, and because of the rapidity of its decline. In response to this decline, Indonesia ratified the Convention on Biological Diversity, and additional protected areas have been established, with the most significant category being national parks. This study sets out to investigate how effective national parks are at conserving biodiversity, and examining whether they have improved since the Convention on Biological Diversity was ratified. Current literature on the issue primarily considers issues relating to management and illegal activities, and frequently focuses on only parts of Indonesia, whilst other issues such as location and design are overlooked. The literature also does not establish whether national park effectiveness can be established. To address this, an exploratory methodological stance is adopted, a variety of methods are considered, with two key approaches, geographical information systems and remote sensing being selected. Following guidance on factors that effect protected area effectiveness, the author develops new, experimental methods which investigate different aspects of national park effectiveness, with the intention of exploring the methods' utility and spatial analysis more generally. In particular they analyse ecosystem representativeness, the quality of the environment protected, their size and shape, their connectedness and how much encroachment has occurred. Despite the limitations of the methods, the study proves that there is utility and potential in combining geographical information systems and remote sensing methods and that national parks can be evaluated in terms of biodiversity effectiveness. The paper establishes that there are design and location issues with national parks and that they have not generally improved noticeably regarding design and location since the CBD was ratified. It also establishes the limitations of spatial analytical techniques, advocating a multi disciplinary approach to investigating this issue, and points to further study and other methods that would assist this investigation

16S rDNA sequence analysis of periodontitis microbiota: a pilot study

published_or_final_versio

Deep forecasting of translational impact in medical research.

The value of biomedical research-a $1.7 trillion annual investment-is ultimately determined by its downstream, real-world impact, whose predictability from simple citation metrics remains unquantified. Here we sought to determine the comparative predictability of future real-world translation-as indexed by inclusion in patents, guidelines, or policy documents-from complex models of title/abstract-level content versus citations and metadata alone. We quantify predictive performance out of sample, ahead of time, across major domains, using the entire corpus of biomedical research captured by Microsoft Academic Graph from 1990-2019, encompassing 43.3 million papers. We show that citations are only moderately predictive of translational impact. In contrast, high-dimensional models of titles, abstracts, and metadata exhibit high fidelity (area under the receiver operating curve [AUROC] > 0.9), generalize across time and domain, and transfer to recognizing papers of Nobel laureates. We argue that content-based impact models are superior to conventional, citation-based measures and sustain a stronger evidence-based claim to the objective measurement of translational potential

Substantial Increases in Eastern Amazon and Cerrado Biomass Burning‐Sourced Tropospheric Ozone

The decline in Amazonian deforestation rates and biomass burning activity (2001–2012) has been shown to reduce air pollutant emissions (e.g., aerosols) and improve regional air quality. However, in the Cerrado region (savannah grasslands in northeastern Brazil), satellite observations reveal increases in fire activity and tropospheric column nitrogen dioxide (an ozone precursor) during the burning season (August‐October, 2005–2016), which have partially offset these air quality benefits. Simulations from a 3‐D global chemistry transport model (CTM) capture this increase in NO2 with a surface increase of ~1 ppbv per decade. As there are limited long‐term observational tropospheric ozone records, we utilize the well‐evaluated CTM to investigate changes in ozone. Here, the CTM suggests that Cerrado region surface ozone is increasing by ~10 ppbv per decade. If left unmitigated, these positive fire‐sourced ozone trends will substantially increase the regional health risks and impacts from expected future enhancements in South American biomass burning activity under climate change

Calibrating soybean parameters in JULES 5.0 from the US-Ne2/3 FLUXNET sites and the SoyFACE-O3 experiment

This is the final version. Available on open access from the European Geosciences Union via the DOI in this record.Code availability. This study uses JULES version 5.0 releases. The code and configuration for the SoyFACE runs can be downloaded via the Met Office Science Repository Service (MOSRS) at https://code.metoffice.gov.uk/trac/roses-u/browser/a/r/8/6/6/trunk (JULES Collaboration, 2018) (registration required) and are freely available subject to accepting the terms of the software licence. The Leaf Simulator can be downloaded from https://code.metoffice.gov.uk/trac/utils (Williams et al., 2018) (login required).Data availability. Unless otherwise noted, all site observations discussed in this paper were obtained from the site information pages of the AmeriFlux website hosted by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (http://fluxnet.fluxdata.org/, AmeriFlux collaboration, 2018) or by personal communication with the Mead site research technologist. The longwave radiation, diffuse radiation, and air pressure from Bondville, Illinois, site can be obtained by the SURFRAD (surface radiation) network from ftp://aftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/data/radiation/surfrad/Bondville_IL/ (NOAA, 2018). The SoyFACE data used for the run are available on MOSRS at https://code.metoffice.gov.uk/trac/roses-u/browser/a/r/8/6/6/trunk/driving_data (Ainsoworth, 2017a), https://code.metoffice.gov.uk/trac/roses-u/browser/a/r/8/6/6/trunk/bin/SoyFACE_gas_exchange_data_2009.csv (Ainsoworth, 2017b), and https://code.metoffice.gov.uk/trac/roses-u/browser/a/r/8/6/6/trunk/ancil_data (Ainsoworth, 2017c).Tropospheric ozone (O3) is the third most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas. O3 is detrimental to plant productivity, and it has a significant impact on crop yield. Currently, the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) land surface model includes a representation of global crops (JULES-crop) but does not have crop-specific O3 damage parameters and applies default C3 grass O3 parameters for soybean that underestimate O3 damage. Physiological parameters for O3 damage in soybean in JULES-crop were calibrated against leaf gas-exchange measurements from the Soybean Free Air Concentration Enrichment (SoyFACE) with O3 experiment in Illinois, USA. Other plant parameters were calibrated using an extensive array of soybean observations such as crop height and leaf carbon and meteorological data from FLUXNET sites near Mead, Nebraska, USA. The yield, aboveground carbon, and leaf area index (LAI) of soybean from the SoyFACE experiment were used to evaluate the newly calibrated parameters. The result shows good performance for yield, with the modelled yield being within the spread of the SoyFACE observations. Although JULES-crop is able to reproduce observed LAI seasonality, its magnitude is underestimated. The newly calibrated version of JULES will be applied regionally and globally in future JULES simulations. This study helps to build a state-of-the-art impact assessment model and contribute to a more complete understanding of the impacts of climate change on food production.Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)European Commissio

Molekular Docking Eksperimental Dan Uji Aktivitas Hambatan Ekspresi COX-2 Pada Kanker Payudara Dari Derivat Etil p-metoksisinamat Hasil Isolasi Kaempferia galanga Linn.

Telah dilakukan penelitian docking terhadap celecoxib, etil p-metoksisinamat (EPMS), 3 senyawa amida ((E)-3-(4-metoksifenil)-N-fenilakrilamida, (E)-3-(4-metoksifenil)N-( 4-metilfenil)akrilamida, (E)-3-(4-metoksifenil)-N-(4-metoksifenil )akrilamida) dan 3 senyawa tiourea ((E) -N-( fenilkarbamotioil )-3-( 4-metoksifenil )akrilamida, (E) -N-(4-metil fenilkarbamotioil)- 3 -(4-metoksifenil )akrilamida, (E)-N-(4-metoksifenilkarbamotioil)-3-( 4metoksifenil) akrilamida) dengan program Mollegro. Dari uji tersebut diketahui bahwa senyawa tiourea mempunyai score lebih rendah daripada amida yang artinya, tiourea dapat berinteraksi dengan COX-2 lebih baik daripada amida. Berdasarkan analisis retrosintesis, diketahui jalur sintesis senyawa tiourea dari EPMS adalah reaksi adisi dan substitusi nukleofilik terhadap asil halidanya. Penentuan struktur hasil sintesis yang dilakukan dengan spektrometer IR dan H-NMR menunjukkan hasil telah terbentuknya senyawa-senyawa tiourea dari EPMS. Hasil pengujian sitotoksik dengan MTT assay, menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas hambatan pertumbuhan sel MCF-7 tertinggi dari sampel EPMS dan ((E)-N(fenilkarbamotioil )-3-( 4-metoksifenil)akrilamida, (E) -N-(4-metilfe-nilkarbamotioil)-3-(4metoksifenil)akrilamida, (E)-N-(4-metoksifenilkarbamotioil)-3-( 4-metoksifenil)akrilamida) adalah pada konsentrasi 500 Jlglml. Oleh karena itu uji doubling time dilakukan pada konsentrasi tersebut pada lama waktu 24, 48 dan 72 jam. Hasil uji doubling time menunjukkan aktivitas antiproliferasi dari sampel uji. Hasil uji immunositokimia terhadap COX-2 menunjukkan hasil sel MCF-7 tidak mengekspresikan COX-2. Oleh karen a itu, uji hambatan COX-2 dari sampel uji tidak dapat dibuktikan dengan sel MCF-7 karena pada sel tersebut tidak terdapat gen COX-2. Tetapi dari uji tersebut diketahui sel MCF-7 yang diberi . perlakuan derivat tiourea dari EPMS mengalami piknosis dan karyoreksis yang menggambarkan kemampuan derivat tiourea dari EPMS dapat menghambat sel MCF-7

Mechanistic interplay between ceramide and insulin resistance

Recent research adds to a growing body of literature on the essential role of ceramides in glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling, while the mechanistic interplay between various components of ceramide metabolism remains to be quantified. We present an extended model of C16:0 ceramide production through both the de novo synthesis and the salvage pathways. We verify our model with a combination of published models and independent experimental data. In silico experiments of the behavior of ceramide and related bioactive lipids in accordance with the observed transcriptomic changes in obese/diabetic murine macrophages at 5 and 16 weeks support the observation of insulin resistance only at the later phase. Our analysis suggests the pivotal role of ceramide synthase, serine palmitoyltransferase and dihydroceramide desaturase involved in the de novo synthesis and the salvage pathways in influencing insulin resistance versus its regulation

Tackling health literacy: adaptation of public hypertension educational materials for an Indo-Asian population in Canada

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Indo-Asians in Canada are at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. There is a need for cultural and language specific educational materials relating to this risk. During this project we developed and field tested the acceptability of a hypertension public education pamphlet tailored to fit the needs of an at risk local Indo-Asian population, in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A community health board representing Calgary's Indo-Asian communities identified the culturally specific educational needs and language preferences of the local population. An adaptation of an existing English language Canadian Public Hypertension Recommendations pamphlet was created considering the literacy and translation challenges. The adapted pamphlet was translated into four Indo-Asian languages. The adapted pamphlets were disseminated as part of the initial educational component of a community-based culturally and language-sensitive cardiovascular risk factor screening and management program. Field testing of the materials was undertaken when participants returned for program follow-up seven to 12 months later.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Fifty-nine English-speaking participants evaluated and confirmed the concept validity of the English adapted version. 28 non-English speaking participants evaluated the Gujarati (N = 13) and Punjabi (N = 15) translated versions of the adapted pamphlets. All participants found the pamphlets acceptable and felt they had improved their understanding of hypertension.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Involving the target community to identify health issues as well as help to create culturally, language and literacy sensitive health education materials ensures resources are highly acceptable to that community. Minor changes to the materials will be needed prior to formal testing of hypertension knowledge and health decision-making on a larger scale within this at risk community.</p

Daksha: On Alert for High Energy Transients

We present Daksha, a proposed high energy transients mission for the study of electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational wave sources, and gamma ray bursts. Daksha will comprise of two satellites in low earth equatorial orbits, on opposite sides of earth. Each satellite will carry three types of detectors to cover the entire sky in an energy range from 1 keV to >1 MeV. Any transients detected on-board will be announced publicly within minutes of discovery. All photon data will be downloaded in ground station passes to obtain source positions, spectra, and light curves. In addition, Daksha will address a wide range of science cases including monitoring X-ray pulsars, studies of magnetars, solar flares, searches for fast radio burst counterparts, routine monitoring of bright persistent high energy sources, terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, and probing primordial black hole abundances through lensing. In this paper, we discuss the technical capabilities of Daksha, while the detailed science case is discussed in a separate paper.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Additional information about the mission is available at https://www.dakshasat.in