53 research outputs found
How can humans understand their automated cars? HMI principles, problems and solutions
As long as vehicles do not provide full automation, the design and function of the Human Machine Interface (HMI) is crucial for ensuring that the human “driver” and the vehicle-based automated systems collaborate in a safe manner. When the driver is decoupled from active control, the design of the HMI becomes even more critical. Without mutual understanding, the two agents (human and vehicle) will fail to accurately comprehend each other’s intentions and actions. This paper proposes a set of design principles for in-vehicle HMI and reviews some current HMI designs in the light of those principles. We argue that in many respects, the current designs fall short of best practice and have the potential to confuse the driver. This can lead to a mismatch between the operation of the automation in the light of the current external situation and the driver’s awareness of how well the automation is currently handling that situation. A model to illustrate how the various principles are interrelated is proposed. Finally, recommendations are made on how, building on each principle, HMI design solutions can be adopted to address these challenges
Burden of herpes zoster: the direct and comorbidity costs of herpes zoster events in hospitalized patients over 50Â years in France
Human pancreatic islet transplantation: an update and description of the establishment of a pancreatic islet isolation laboratory
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with chronic complications that lead to high morbidity and mortality rates in young adults of productive age. Intensive insulin therapy has been able to reduce the likelihood of the development of chronic diabetes complications. However, this treatment is still associated with an increased incidence of hypoglycemia. In patients with "brittle T1DM", who have severe hypoglycemia without adrenergic symptoms (hypoglycemia unawareness), islet transplantation may be a therapeutic option to restore both insulin secretion and hypoglycemic perception. The Edmonton group demonstrated that most patients who received islet infusions from more than one donor and were treated with steroid-free immunosuppressive drugs displayed a considerable decline in the initial insulin independence rates at eight years following the transplantation, but showed permanent C-peptide secretion, which facilitated glycemic control and protected patients against hypoglycemic episodes. Recently, data published by the Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry (CITR) has revealed that approximately 50% of the patients who undergo islet transplantation are insulin independent after a 3-year follow-up. Therefore, islet transplantation is able to successfully decrease plasma glucose and HbA1c levels, the occurrence of severe hypoglycemia, and improve patient quality of life. The goal of this paper was to review the human islet isolation and transplantation processes, and to describe the establishment of a human islet isolation laboratory at the Endocrine Division of the Hospital de ClĂnicas de Porto Alegre - Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Individual-environment interactions in swimming: The smallest unit for analysing the emergence of coordination dynamics in performance?
Displacement in competitive swimming is highly dependent on fluid characteristics,
since athletes use these properties to propel themselves. It is essential for sport
scientists and practitioners to clearly identify the interactions that emerge between
each individual swimmer and properties of an aquatic environment. Traditionally, the
two protagonists in these interactions have been studied separately. Determining the
impact of each swimmer’s movements on fluid flow, and vice versa, is a major
challenge. Classic biomechanical research approaches have focused on swimmers’
actions, decomposing stroke characteristics for analysis, without exploring
perturbations to fluid flows. Conversely, fluid mechanics research has sought to
record fluid behaviours, isolated from the constraints of competitive swimming
environments (e.g. analyses in two-dimensions, fluid flows passively studied on
mannequins or robot effectors). With improvements in technology, however, recent
investigations have focused on the emergent circular couplings between swimmers’
movements and fluid dynamics. Here, we provide insights into concepts and tools that
can explain these on-going dynamical interactions in competitive swimming within
the theoretical framework of ecological dynamics
Glutarate and N-acetyl-l-glutamate buffers for cell-free synthesis of selectively 15N-labelled proteins
A combined nurse-pharmacist managed pain clinic: joint venture of public and private sectors
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