Y a-t-il des politiques migratoires nationales ? De quelques leçons des années 1920

Depuis une vingtaine d'années, l'historiographie prête une attention de plus en plus fine au rôle des États dans le contrôle des migrations internationales, entendu dans ses aspects à la fois politiques et économiques. De la reconstitution du cadre légal des politiques publiques, à la sociographie de leur mise en oeuvre quotidienne par les fonctionnaires en contact avec les migrants, émergent des aspects toujours plus nombreux de la " tyrannie du national "2. On peut cependant, en croisant les approches portant sur plusieurs pays d'émigration et d'immigration, et en élargissant l'échelle d'observation à un espace transnational, mettre l'accent sur des aspects complémentaires, dont la prise en considération est indispensable à la compréhension des dynamiques et des tensions de ce que l'on a parfois désigné comme une " première mondialisation "3 (...)

Evaluating cross-linguistic forced alignment of conversational data in north Australian Kriol, an under-resourced language

Speech technology is transforming language documentation; acoustic models trained on “small” languages are now technically feasible. At the same time, forced alignment built for major world languages has matured and now offers ease of use through web interfaces requiring low technical expertise. This paper provides an updated and detailed evaluation of cross-linguistic forced alignment, the approach of using forced aligners untrained on the target language. We compare two options within MAUS (Munich Automatic Segmentation System): language-independent mode vs major world language system (here, Italian) on the one dataset, a comparison that has not previously been reported. The dataset comes from a corpus of adult conversational speech in Kriol, an English-based creole of northern Australia. The results of using MAUS Italian were better than those of using the language-independent mode and those in previous studies: the agreement rate at 20 ms was 72.1% at vowel onset and 57.2% at vowel offset. With completely misaligned tokens excluded, the overall agreement rate rose to 69.2% at 20 ms and over 90% at 50 ms. Most errors in the output SAMPA (Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet) labels were resolvable with simple text replacements. These results offer updated benchmark data for an untrained, late-model forced alignment system.National Foreign Language Resource Cente

Y a-t-il des politiques migratoires nationales ? De quelques leçons des années 1920

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, l’historiographie prête une attention de plus en plus fine au rôle des États dans le contrôle des migrations internationales, entendu dans ses aspects à la fois politiques et économiques. De la reconstitution du cadre légal des politiques publiques, à la sociographie de leur mise en oeuvre quotidienne par les fonctionnaires en contact avec les migrants, émergent des aspects toujours plus nombreux de la « tyrannie du national »2. On peut cependant, en croisant les approches portant sur plusieurs pays d’émigration et d’immigration, et en élargissant l’échelle d’observation à un espace transnational, mettre l’accent sur des aspects complémentaires, dont la prise en considération est indispensable à la compréhension des dynamiques et des tensions de ce que l’on a parfois désigné comme une « première mondialisation »3 (...)

A Method for the Precision Mass Measurement of the Stop Quark at the International Linear Collider

Many supersymmetric models predict new particles within the reach of the next generation of colliders. For an understanding of the model structure and the mechanism(s) of symmetry breaking, it is important to know the masses of the new particles precisely. In this article the measurement of the mass of the scalar partner of the top quark (stop) at an e+e- collider is studied. A relatively light stop is motivated by attempts to explain electroweak baryogenesis and can play an important role in dark matter relic density. A method is presented which makes use of cross-section measurements near the pair-production threshold as well as at higher center-of-mass energies. It is shown that this method not only increases the statistical precision, but also greatly reduces the systematic uncertainties, which can be important. Numerical results are presented, based on a realistic event simulation, for two signal selection strategies: using conventional selection cuts, and using an Iterative Discriminant Analysis (IDA). Our studies indicate that a precision of \Delta\mstop = 0.42 GeV can be achieved, representing a major improvement over previous studies. While the analysis of stops is particularly challenging due to the possibility of stop hadronization, the general procedure could be applied to the mass measurement of other particles as well. We also comment on the potential of the IDA to discover a stop quark in this scenario, and we revisit the accuracy of the theoretical predictions for the neutralino relic densityComment: 41 pages, 14 figures, in JHEP forma

Expression of pSTAT5 predicts FLT3 internal tandem duplications in acute myeloid leukemia

Mutations of the Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) can be detected in a significant number of acute myeloid leukemias (AML). Seventy-five cases of acute myeloid leukemia were evaluated for FLT3-internal tandem duplications (ITD) by polymerase chain reaction. Paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed trephine biopsies of these cases were evaluated for expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (pSTAT1), pSTAT3, and pSTAT5. Specific expression of pSTAT5 was proven in leukemic blasts in situ by double staining with a blast-specific marker. Expression of pSTAT5 in ≥1% of blasts was highly predictive of FLT3-ITD. Neither expression of pSTAT1 nor pSTAT3 were associated with FLT3 mutations. Altogether we conclude that pSTAT5 expression can precisely be assessed by immunohistochemistry in routinely processed bone marrow trephines, STAT5 is highly likely the preferred second messenger of FLT3-mediated signaling in AML, and expression of pSTAT5 is predictive of FLT3-IT

Effects of Pilates mat exercises on muscle strength and on pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis

Objective: To analyze the effects of Pilates mat exercises in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods: This was a clinical trial involving 19 CF patients recruited from either the CF Outpatient Clinic of the State University at Campinas Hospital de Clinicas or the Children's Institute of the University of So Paulo School of Medicine Hospital das Clinicas. All of the patients performed Pilates mat exercises for four months (one 60-min session per week). the variables studied (before and after the intervention) were respiratory muscle strength, MIP, MEP, FVC, and FEV1. Results: After the intervention, MIP was significantly higher in the male patients (p = 0.017), as were MIP and MEP in the female patients (p = 0.005 and p = 0.007, respectively). There were no significant differences between the pre- and post-intervention values of FVC or FEV1, neither in the sample as a whole nor among the patients of either gender. Conclusions: Our results show that Pilates mat exercises have beneficial effects on respiratory muscle strength in CF patients.Univ Estadual Campinas, Campinas, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Programa Posgrad Saude Crianca & Adolescente, Campinas, SP, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Dept Pediat, Fac Ciencias Med, Campinas, SP, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med, Inst Crianca, Unidade Pneumol Pediat, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Programa Posgrad Reabilitacao, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Programa Posgrad Reabilitacao, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Dermoscopy of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans : what do we know?

Background: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is an uncommon mesenchymal tumor of in-termediate malignancy. Its rarity and slow progression often imply a delayed diagnosis. There are few previous reports of dermoscopic features of DFSP and most are single case descriptions.Objectives: To report 2 cases of DFSP and their dermoscopic features, as well as conduct a review of all previous cases published addressing the use of dermoscopy in this tumor.Methods: We conducted a literature search for all dermoscopic cases of DFSP. In addition, we pre-sented 2 additional cases and compared them to the earlier findings.Results: We summarized the main dermoscopic findings of DFSP based on analysis from 32 patients. The most common features of this tumor are the presence of vessels (81%), followed by a pigmented network (78%) and a pinkish background (66%).Conclusions: DFSP can mimic benign lesions and the diagnosis may be challenging. Dermoscopy is an important tool that may enhance clinical suspicion toward the diagnosis of DFSP

Recurrence of Stachybotrys chartarum during mycological and toxicological study of bioaerosols collected in a dairy cattle shed

International audienceAgricultural occupations associated with animal breeding and the processing of animal materials in confinement systems could potentially lead to bioaerosol exposures. Moulds and mycotoxins could be constituents of bioaerosols and should be studied because of their possible involvement in respiratory diseases and cancers. In order to characterize the fungal contamination of the indoor air in a dairy barn, bioaerosols were collected during 20 days in a cattle farm located in Normandy (France). Mycobiota, mycotoxins and the mutagenicity of bioaerosols were studied. The toxigenic ability of Aspergillus flavus group and Aspergillus fumigatus isolates was also evaluated in vitro. The prevalent airborne moulds were from the following potentially toxigenic species: Aspergillus flavus group, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium chrysogenum, Stachybotrys chartarum, and the allergenic species Ulocladium chartarum, Cladosporium cladosporioides. In comparison with harvesting, grain handling or broiler breeding, the concentrations of viable moulds were lower in the cattle shed. Seasonal variations in levels of several species were also observed. This study revealed that aflatoxins were detected in bioaerosols and, for the first time, showed that farmers are possibly exposed to Stachybotrys chartarum during routine barn work. Moreover, the finding of mutagenicity from bioaerosols needs further investigations on bioaerosol composition