Analisis Risiko Manual Material Handling Metode SNI 9011 :2021 Pada Pekerjaan Pemuatan Kantong Pupuk

Pengangkatan beban secara manual (Manual Material Handling) adalah pekerjaan dengan risiko tinggi terhadap timbulnya keluhan Musculoskeletal disorders. Keluhan tersebut dirasakan oleh pekerja pemuatan kantong pupuk. Dari hasil survei GOTRAK berdasarkan SNI 9011:2021 diketahui bagian tubuh yang memiliki persentase keluhan paling tinggi yaitu pada bagian pinggul sebesar 60%. Berdasarkan uraian data tersebut terlihat bahwa keluhan MSDs pada pekerja cukup tinggi sehingga perlu dilakukan analisis manual material handling untuk mengetahui risiko pada pekerjaan pemuatan kantong pupuk. Untuk menindak lanjuti adanya keluhan pekerja melalui survei GOTRAK maka dilakukan analisis lanjutan menggunakan daftar periksa potensi bahaya ergonomi berdasarkan SNI 9011:2021 dan didapatkan hasil risiko berbahaya dengan nilai skor >7. Rekomendasi diusulkan berdasarkan hirarki pengendalian diantaranya dengan merubah postur dan posisi tubuh pekerja saat melakukan pengangkatan pupuk, pembuatan prosedur dan instruksi kerja, penggantian kantong pupuk, modifikasi conveyor existing, dan penggunaan APD yang tepat. Rekomendasi tersebut akan mengurangi potensi bahaya yang dialami oleh pekerja sehingga  tingkat risiko bahaya ergonomi pada pekerja pemuatan kantong pupuk juga akan menurun.   Kata Kunci: Ergonomi, GOTRAK, Low Back Pain, Manual Material Handlin

Knowledge, attitudes and practices among people in Saudi Arabia regarding COVID-19: A cross-sectional study

Background: The general population’s compliance with preventive measures and legislation is mainly influenced by their knowledge level, attitude, and practices. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practices of public residents towards corona virus disease-2019 preventive measures in Saudi Arabia. Design and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study; it used a validated cross-sectional online survey that received responses from 13 Saudi administrative regions. Results: There were 1513 participants who completed the study (55% females; 77.7%, university education). Knowledge level, attitude, and practices towards corona virus disease-2019 were 81.3%, 86.6%, and 81.9%, respectively. The knowledge subscales showed that 1496 (98.9%) participants knew the system targeted by the virus, 96.2% and 97.3% knew the causative agent and symptoms, 783 (52.2%) participants knew the transmission modes, and 696 (46.0%) participants knew about the complications. The attitude subscales included 1465 (96.5%) participants who had dealt with an infected person, 1451 (95.9%) participants who isolated in a health facility, 1195 (97.0%) participants who knew about hand washing, and 1387 (91.7%) participants who thought the virus spread through home delivery. The practice subscales included 1505 (99.5%) participants who properly disposed of gloves and tissues and 1347 (89.0%) participants who reported safe practices when coughing or sneezing.Conclusions: This study showed satisfactory knowledge, attitude, and practice towards corona virus disease-2019 in Saudi Arabia. The educational level is a dominant influencing factor for knowledge, attitude, and practice

A visual processing advantage for young-adolescent deaf observers: Evidence from face and object matching tasks

It is unresolved whether the permanent auditory deprivation that deaf people experience leads to the enhanced visual processing of faces. The current study explored this question with a matching task in which observers searched for a target face among a concurrent lineup of ten faces. This was compared with a control task in which the same stimuli were presented upside down, to disrupt typical face processing, and an object matching task. A sample of young-adolescent deaf observers performed with higher accuracy than hearing controls across all of these tasks. These results clarify previous findings and provide evidence for a general visual processing advantage in deaf observers rather than a face-specific effect

Longer fixation duration while viewing face images

The spatio-temporal properties of saccadic eye movements can be influenced by the cognitive demand and the characteristics of the observed scene. Probably due to its crucial role in social communication, it is argued that face perception may involve different cognitive processes compared with non-face object or scene perception. In this study, we investigated whether and how face and natural scene images can influence the patterns of visuomotor activity. We recorded monkeys’ saccadic eye movements as they freely viewed monkey face and natural scene images. The face and natural scene images attracted similar number of fixations, but viewing of faces was accompanied by longer fixations compared with natural scenes. These longer fixations were dependent on the context of facial features. The duration of fixations directed at facial contours decreased when the face images were scrambled, and increased at the later stage of normal face viewing. The results suggest that face and natural scene images can generate different patterns of visuomotor activity. The extra fixation duration on faces may be correlated with the detailed analysis of facial features

Materiais didáticos no ensino e aprendizagem da matemática

O relatório final de estágio apresenta-se no âmbito do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Este inclui uma reflexão crítica relativamente às unidades curriculares de Prática de Ensino Supervisionada (II e III), em contexto de estágio, no 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e na Educação Pré-Escolar. O relatório contempla ainda uma investigação cuja temática se centra na área da Matemática. Para a realização da primeira parte do relatório, foram utilizados diversos materiais construídos e implementados ao longo das PES II e III, bem como autores de referência, de forma a fundamentar o texto. Relativamente à segunda parte do relatório final de estágio foi realizada uma investigação de caráter qualitativo, que teve como principal objetivo perceber de que forma a utilização de materiais didáticos, em aulas do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, influencia a aprendizagem da Matemática, num tópico muito particular: números racionais. Desta forma, foi realizado um teste diagnóstico de forma a perceber o conteúdo em que os alunos sentiam mais dificuldades. Posteriormente, foram desenvolvidas três tarefas diferentes, utilizando materiais didáticos distintos e, foi ainda realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada aos três participantes do estudo. A análise dos dados recolhidos permitiu concluir, com alguma segurança, que a utilização de materiais didáticos, em conteúdos matemáticos, é benéfica para os alunos, pois revelam maior envolvimento nas tarefas propostas e uma melhor compreensão dos conteúdos abordados.The final apprenticeship report is related to the scope of the Masters Degree of Pre-schooling and Teaching the 1st Cycle of Basic School. It includes a critical reflection in relation to the curricular units of Supervised Teaching Practice (II and III), in the context of apprenticeship, in the 1st Cycle of Basic School and in Pre-school Education. The report also contemplates research whose theme concentrates on the fields of mathematics. For the first part of the report several different materials were used, which had been built and implemented along STP II and III, as well as authors of reference, so as to support the text. In relation to the second part of the apprenticeship final report, a qualitative research was carried out, which main purpose was to understand to which extent the use of didactic materials in the 1st cycle of Basic School classes influences the learning of mathematics, in a very particular topic: rational numbers. This way, a diagnosis was performed for a better understanding of the contents in which learners feel the most difficulties. Later on three tasks were developed, by using different didactic materials, and a semi-structured interview was held to the three participants in the study. The analysis of the collected data allowed to conclude, with some certainty, that the use of didactic materials in mathematical contents is beneficial for learners, because they reveal a greater involvement in the proposed tasks and a better understanding of the addressed contents

Neuroethical issues in pharmacological cognitive enhancement.

This is the published manuscript. It is available online from the Wiley in Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wcs.1306/abstract;jsessionid=05002026F7F8502EFC9A9553EC8CE45C.f03t02.UNLABELLED: Neuroethics is an emerging field that in general deals with the ethics of neuroscience and the neuroscience of ethics. In particular, it is concerned with the ethical issues in the translation of neuroscience to clinical practice and in the public domain. Numerous ethical issues arise when healthy individuals use pharmacological substances known as pharmacological cognitive enhancers (PCEs) for non-medical purposes in order to boost higher-order cognitive processes such as memory, attention, and executive functions. However, information regarding their actual use, benefits, and harms to healthy individuals is currently lacking. Neuroethical issues that arise from their use include the unknown side effects that are associated with these drugs, concerns about the modification of authenticity and personhood, and as a result of inequality of access to these drugs, the lack of distributive justice and competitive fairness that they may cause in society. Healthy individuals might be coerced by social institutions that force them to take these drugs to function better. These drugs might enable or hinder healthy individuals to gain better moral and self-understanding and autonomy. However, how these drugs might achieve this still remains speculative and unknown. Hence, before concrete policy decisions are made, the cognitive effects of these drugs should be determined. The initiation of accurate surveys to determine the actual usage of these drugs by healthy individuals from different sections of the society is proposed. In addition, robust empirical research need to be conducted to delineate not only whether or not these drugs modify complex higher-order cognitive processes but also how they might alter important human virtues such as empathy, moral reasoning, creativity, and motivation in healthy individuals. WIREs Cogn Sci 2014, 5:533-549. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1306 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The author has declared no conflicts of interest for this article

Brazilian gamma detection device for sentinel lymph node biopsy

OBJECTIVE: To test the effectiveness of an intra-operative gamma detection Brazilian device (IPEN) on sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) procedures. METHODS: Forty melanoma or breast cancer patients with indication for undergoing SLNB were studied. Lymphoscintigraphy was done 2 to 24 hours prior to surgery. Lymphatic mapping with vital dye and gamma detection were performed intraoperatively. For gamma detection Neoprobe ® 1500 was used followed by IPEN (equipment under test) in the first 20 patients and for the remaining half IPEN was used first to verify its ability to locate the sentinel node (SN). Measurements were taken from the radiopharmaceutical product injection site, from SN (in vivo and ex vivo) and from background. It was recorded if the SN was stained or not and if it was found easily by surgeon. RESULTS: There were 33 (82.5%) breast cancer and 7 (17.5%) melanoma patients. Ages varied from 21 to 68 year-old (median age of 46). Sex distribution was 35 (87.5%) women and 5 (12.5%) men. Sentinel node was found in all but one patient. There was no statistical difference between the reasons ex vivo/ background obtained with the measures of both equipments (p=0, 2583-ns). The SN was easily found by the surgeon with both devices. CONCLUSION: The SLNB was successfully performed using either equipment. It was possible to do SLNB with the Brazilian device developed by IPEN without prejudice for the patient.OBJETIVO: Testar a eficácia de equipamento de detecção gama intra-operatória (DGI) desenvolvido pelo IPEN (Brasil), em procedimentos de biópsia de linfonodo sentinela (BLS) no melanoma e no câncer de mama. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 40 pacientes portadores de melanoma ou câncer de mama com indicação para realização de BLS.Todos pacientes foram submetidos à linfocintilografia e a BLS ocorreu entre 2 a 24 horas após a mesma. Concomitantemente à DGI, realizou-se o mapeamento linfático com corante vital. Foram feitas leituras com o equipamento convencional Neoprobe® 1500 e com o equipamento em teste (IPEN) dos valores de captação do sítio de injeção do radiofármaco, do LS in vivo e ex vivo e da captação de fundo. Foi registrado se o LS estava corado e se o cirurgião teve facilidade para encontrá-lo. Nos primeiros 20 pacientes utilizou-se o equipamento convencional e depois o de teste; nos outros 20, utilizou-se primeiro o equipamento em teste, com objetivo de verificar se o mesmo identificava primariamente o LS. RESULTADOS: Dos quarenta pacientes, 33 eram portadores de tumor de mama e sete de melanoma cutâneo; variação da idade: 21 a 68 anos (mediana= 46 anos); 35 mulheres e 5 homens. Em apenas um paciente o LS não foi encontrado, nem pela DGI nem pelo corante vital. Não houve diferença estatística entre as razões ex vivo/fundo obtidas com os dois equipamentos (p=0, 2583-ns). CONCLUSÃO: É possível realizar o procedimento de BLS com o equipamento brasileiro desenvolvido pelo IPEN, com facilidade e sem prejuízo para o paciente.Hospital Israelita Albert EinsteinIPENUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Faculdade de Medicina Anhembi-MorumbiUNIFESPSciEL

The Muslim headscarf and face perception: "they all look the same, don't they?"

YesThe headscarf conceals hair and other external features of a head (such as the ears). It therefore may have implications for the way in which such faces are perceived. Images of faces with hair (H) or alternatively, covered by a headscarf (HS) were used in three experiments. In Experiment 1 participants saw both H and HS faces in a yes/no recognition task in which the external features either remained the same between learning and test (Same) or switched (Switch). Performance was similar for H and HS faces in both the Same and Switch condition, but in the Switch condition it dropped substantially compared to the Same condition. This implies that the mere presence of the headscarf does not reduce performance, rather, the change between the type of external feature (hair or headscarf) causes the drop in performance. In Experiment 2, which used eye-tracking methodology, it was found that almost all fixations were to internal regions, and that there was no difference in the proportion of fixations to external features between the Same and Switch conditions, implying that the headscarf influenced processing by virtue of extrafoveal viewing. In Experiment 3, similarity ratings of the internal features of pairs of HS faces were higher than pairs of H faces, confirming that the internal and external features of a face are perceived as a whole rather than as separate components.The Educational Charity of the Federation of Ophthalmic and Dispensing Opticians