High connectivity of the Crocodile Shark between the Atlantic and Southwest Indian Oceans: highlights for conservation

Among the various shark species that are captured as bycatch in commercial fishing operations, the group of pelagic sharks is still one of the least studied and known. Within those, the crocodile shark, Pseudocarcharias kamoharai, a small-sized lamnid shark, is occasionally caught by longline vessels in certain regions of the tropical oceans worldwide. However, the population dynamics of this species, as well as the impact of fishing mortality on its stocks, are still unknown, with the crocodile shark currently one of the least studied of all pelagic sharks. Given this, the present study aimed to assess the population structure of P. kamoharai in several regions of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans using genetic molecular markers. The nucleotide composition of the mitochondrial DNA control region of 255 individuals was analyzed, and 31 haplotypes were found, with an estimated diversity Hd = 0.627, and a nucleotide diversity pi = 0.00167. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a fixation index phi(ST) = -0.01118, representing an absence of population structure among the sampled regions of the Atlantic Ocean, and between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. These results show a high degree of gene flow between the studied areas, with a single genetic stock and reduced population variability. In panmictic populations, conservation efforts can be concentrated in more restricted areas, being these representative of the total biodiversity of the species. When necessary, this strategy could be applied to the genetic maintenance of P. kamoharai.Foundation for Research Support of the Sao Paulo State - FAPESP [2011/23787-0, 2010/51903-2]; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [SFRH/BPD/93936/2013]; Foundation for Research Support of the Sao Paulo State - FAPESP [2011/23787-0, 2010/51903-2]; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [SFRH/BPD/93936/2013]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Survival of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) sealants and restorations: a meta-analysis

The purpose of this study is to perform a systematic investigation plus meta-analysis into survival of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) sealants and restorations using high-viscosity glass ionomers and to compare the results with those from the 2005 ART meta-analysis. Until February 2010, four databases were searched. Two hundred four publications were found, and 66 reported on ART restorations or sealant survival. Based on five exclusion criteria, two independent reviewers selected the 29 publications that accounted for the meta-analysis. Confidence intervals (CI) and or standard errors were calculated and the heterogeneity variance of the survival rates was estimated. Location (school/clinic) was an independent variable. The survival rates of single-surface and multiple-surface ART restorations in primary teeth over the first 2 years were 93% (CI, 91–94%) and 62% (CI, 51–73%), respectively; for single-surface ART restorations in permanent teeth over the first 3 and 5 years it was 85% (CI, 77–91%) and 80% (CI, 76–83%), respectively and for multiple-surface ART restorations in permanent teeth over 1 year it was 86% (CI, 59–98%). The mean annual dentine lesion incidence rate, in pits and fissures previously sealed using ART, over the first 3 years was 1%. No location effect and no differences between the 2005 and 2010 survival rates of ART restorations and sealants were observed. The short-term survival rates of single-surface ART restorations in primary and permanent teeth, and the caries-preventive effect of ART sealants were high. Clinical relevance: ART can safely be used in single-surface cavities in both primary and permanent teeth. ART sealants have a high caries preventive effect

Mode of Heavy Meromyosin Adsorption and Motor Function Correlated with Surface Hydrophobicity and Charge

The in vitro motility assay is valuable for fundamental studies of actomyosin function and has recently been combined with nanostructuring techniques for the development of nanotechnological applications. However, the limited understanding of the interaction mechanisms between myosin motor fragments (heavy meromyosin, HMM) and artificial surfaces hampers the development as well as the interpretation of fundamental studies. Here we elucidate theHMM-surface interaction mechanisms for a range of negatively charged surfaces (silanized glass and SiO2), which is relevant both to nanotechnology and fundamental studies. The results show that the HMM-propelled actin filament sliding speed (after a single injection of HMM, 120 íg/mL) increased with the contact angle of the surfaces (in the range of 20-80°). However, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) studies suggested a reduction in the adsorption of HMM (with coupled water) under these conditions. This result and actin filament binding data, together with previous measurements of the HMM density (Sundberg, M.; Balaz, M.; Bunk, R.; Rosengren-Holmberg, J. P.; Montelius, L.; Nicholls, I. A.; Omling, P.; Tågerud, S.; Månsson, A. Langmuir 2006, 22, 7302-7312. Balaz, M.; Sundberg, M.; Persson, M.; Kvassman, J.; Månsson, A. Biochemistry 2007, 46, 7233-7251), are consistent with (1) an HMM monolayer and (2) differentHMMconfigurations at different contact angles of the surface. More specifically, theQCM and in vitro motility assay data are consistent with a model where the molecules are adsorbed either via their flexible C-terminal tail part (HMMC) or via their positively charged N-terminal motor domain (HMMN) without other surface contact points. Measurements of ú potentials suggest that an increased contact angle is correlated with a reduced negative charge of the surfaces. As a consequence, the HMMC configuration would be the dominant configuration at high contact angles but would be supplemented with electrostatically adsorbedHMMmolecules(HMMN configuration) at low contact angles. This would explain the higher initial HMM adsorption (from probability arguments) under the latter conditions. Furthermore, because the HMMN mode would have no actin binding it would also account for the lower sliding velocity at low contact angles. The results are compared to previous studies of the microtubule-kinesin system and are alsoJRC.I.4-Nanotechnology and Molecular Imagin

Expectations, motivations and perceptions of nurses on the nurse-midwifery specialization course in the residence modality RESEARCH | PESQUISA Specialization course at the residence modality

Expectativas, motivações e percepções das enfermeiras sobre a especialização em enfermagem obstétrica na modalidade residência Expectativas, motivaciones y percepciones de las enfermeras sobre la especialización en enfermería obstétrica en la modalidad de residencia AbstrAct Objective: To identify the motivations and expectations of nurses who opted for the nurse-midwifery specialization course in the residence modality and describe the perceptions of these nurses on this modality of lato sensu Post-graduate education. Methods: Qualitative descriptive study, in which the nurse residents of two nurse-midwifery residency programs in the city of Rio Resultados: A escolha pela residência é motivada pela ênfase nas experiências práticas; identificação com a área da saúde da mulher; obtenção de bolsa-auxílio durante o curso e credenciais profissionais para o mercado de trabalho. O aprendizado prático é satisfatório, contudo com limitações nos setores de internação hospitalar e na integração entre teoria e prática. Conclusão: A Universidade e o serviço precisam trabalhar de forma mais integrada para melhoria do processo pedagógico na residência. Palavras-chave: Enfermagem obstétrica; Educação em enfermagem; Residência e internato. resumen Objetivo: Identificar motivaciones y expectativas de enfermeras que optaron por el curso de especialización en enfermería obstétrica en la modalidad de residencia y describir las percepciones de ellas sobre el postgrado lato sensu. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de enfoque cualitativo. Fueron entrevistadas enfermeras residentes de dos programas de residencia en enfermería obstétrica en la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro. Se utilizó la técnica de Análisis de Contenido Temático. Resultados: La opción por la residencia es motivada por su énfasis en la experiencia práctica; identificación con el área de la salud de la mujer; obtención de auxilio financiero durante el curso y credenciales profesionales para el mercado de trabajo. El aprendizaje práctico es satisfactorio, pero hay limitaciones en las áreas de hospitalización y en la integración de la teoría con la práctica. Conclusión: La universidad y el servicio deben trabajar de manera más integrada para mejorar el proceso educativo en la residencia

Strategies to combat poverty and their interface with health promotion Estrategias de afrontamiento de la pobreza y su interfaz con la promoción de la salud Estratégias de enfrentamento da pobreza e sua interface com a promoção da saúde

The population impoverishment is a social reality whose overcoming is necessary so that we can think about health as a positive concept. This study proposes a reflection on the coping strategies adopted by the Conjunto Palmeira, a Brazilian community in the Northeast, and their interface with health promotion. This community's reality is an example of overcoming social exclusion for different regions of Brazil and other countries. The history of the Conjunto and the collective strategies of empowerment for coping with poverty and search for human development are initially presented. After that, we establish the relationship of those strategies with the action fields for health promotion. Finally, we consider that the mutual responsibility of the community with its health and its relationship with the environment in which they live are means of promoting transformation towards the conquest of a worthy social space.<br>El empobrecimiento de la población es una realidad social cuya superación es necesaria para que podamos pensar en salud como un concepto positivo. Ante la realidad que se muestra como ejemplo de superación de la exclusión social para diversas localidades en Brasil y en otros países, la finalidad de este estudio es reflejar sobre las estrategias de afrontamiento de la pobreza adoptadas por la comunidad del Nordeste de Brasil y su interfaz con la promoción de la salud. Inicialmente son presentadas la historia del conjunto y las estrategias colectivas de empowerment para el afrontamiento de la pobreza y la búsqueda del desarrollo humano. En seguida, se establece la relación de esas estrategias con los campos de acción para promoción de la salud. Finalmente, se considera que la responsabilización conjunta de la comunidad con su salud y su relación con el ambiente en que vive son medios de promover transformaciones que culminen con la conquista de un espacio social digno.<br>O empobrecimento populacional é uma realidade social cuja superação é necessária para que se possa pensar em saúde como um conceito positivo. Ante uma realidade que se mostra exemplo de superação da exclusão social para diferentes localidades no Brasil e em outros países, o presente estudo propõe-se a refletir sobre as estratégias de enfrentamento da pobreza adotadas pela comunidade da Região Nordeste do Brasil e sua interface com a promoção da saúde. Inicialmente são apresentadas a história do Conjunto Palmeira e as estratégias coletivas de empowerment para o enfrentamento da pobreza e busca do desenvolvimento humano. Em seguida, faz-se a relação dessas estratégias com os campos de ação para promoção da saúde. Considera-se que a co-responsabilização da comunidade com sua saúde e sua relação com o ambiente em que vivem são meios de promover transformações que culminem com a conquista de um espaço social digno