The Mediating Role of Workload on the Relationship between Leader Member Exchange (LMX) and Job Satisfaction

The goal of this study is to analyze the mediating role of workload on the relationship between leader member exchange (LMX) and job satisfaction. Another objective of this study is to examine the relationship between LMX, workload, job satisfaction and demographic variables. Additionally, the differences of LMX, workload and job satisfaction according to demographic variables are investigated . The major aim is to reflect the issues that lead to job dissatisfaction. It is indicated that LMX and workload can be two of the most fundamental determinants for understanding this issue. In order to clarify this assumption, the research was conducted with one of the largest municipality inIstanbul,Turkey, with 255 participants. The result of this research suggests that workload is a partial mediator in the relationship between LMX and job satisfaction. Meanwhile, no differences were found in LMX, job satisfaction or workload according to gender, education and status, but were found according to age, job seniority and organizational seniority

Okul öncesi dönem çocuğa sahip annelerin duygu sosyalleştirme davranışları

The aim of the study is to investigate emotional socialization behaviors of mothers having preschooler in relation to the child's gender, socioeconomic and education level of the mother. In the research, a correlational survey model was used. The participants of the study consisted of 303 mothers having children aged 4-6 with low, middle and high socioeconomic living conditions. The data of the study were collected with the Coping with Negative Emotions of Children Scale and Personal Information Form. T-test and variance analysis were used to analyze the data. Research results revealed that emotional socialization behaviors of mothers did not differ significantly according to child's gender. As a result of the analysis, it was found that emotional socialization behaviors differ significantly in terms of the socioeconomic level of the mothers. According to this, low socioeconomic level mothers showed more punitive reactions and minimization reactions than middle and high socioeconomic level mothers. Results also showed that punitive and problem-focused reactions differed according to the educational level of the participating mothers. In this direction, as the education level of the mothers increases, it is seen that there is a decrease in punitive reactions while there is an increase in problem-focused reactions.Araştırmanın amacı, okul öncesi dönem çocuğa sahip annelerin duygu sosyalleştirme davranışlarının çocuğun cinsiyeti, annenin eğitim ve sosyoekonomik düzeyi ile ilişkilendirilerek incelenmesidir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını 4-6 yaş grubu çocuğu olan düşük, orta ve yüksek sosyoekonomik yaşam şartlarına sahip 303 anne oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri Çocukların Olumsuz Duyguları ile Baş Etme Ölçeği ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin çözümlenmesinde t-testi ve varyans analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları incelendiğinde; annelerin duygu sosyalleştirme davranışlarının çocuğun cinsiyetine göre anlamlı düzeyde farklılaşmadığı belirlenmiştir. Annelerin içinde bulunduğu sosyoekonomik düzeye göre duygu sosyalleştirme davranışlarının farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre, düşük sosyoekonomik düzeydeki annelerin orta ve üst sosyoekonomik düzeydeki annelere göre cezalandırıcı ve küçümseyici duygu sosyalleştirme davranışlarını daha fazla gösterdikleri saptanmıştır. Bununla birlikte katılımcı annelerin eğitim düzeyine göre cezalandırıcı ve problem odaklı duygu sosyalleştirme davranışlarının farklılaştığı belirlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, annelerin eğitim düzeyi arttıkça cezalandırıcı duygu sosyalleştirme davranışında azalma görülürken, problem odaklı duygu sosyalleştirme davranışlarında artış olduğu görülmektedir

Synthesis and Evaluation of Protein-Phenylboronic Acid Conjugates as Lectin Mimetics

Glycan-binding molecules, such as lectins, are very important tools for characterizing, imaging, or targeting glycans and are often involved in either physiological or pathological processes. However, their availability is far less compared to the diversity of native glycans. Therefore, development of lectin mimetics with desired specificity and affinity is in high demand. Boronic acid reacts with 1,2- and 1,3-diols of saccharides in aqueous media through reversible boronate ester formation and are regarded as synthetic lectin mimetics. In this study, bovine serum albumin (BSA)-phenylboronic acid (PBA) conjugates were synthesized in a density-controlled manner by targeting both aspartic and glutamic acids to afford lectin mimetics with multivalent PBA, as multivalency is a key factor for glycan recognition in both specificity and affinity. The resultant BSA-PBA conjugates were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. Their macrophage cell surface glycan-binding capacity was characterized by a competitive lectin-binding assay examined by flow cytometry, and 3-(4,5-di-methylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 -diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed biocompatibility. These novel lectin mimetics will find a broad range of applications as they can be wittingly modified, altering binding specificity and capacity

In situ measurement of humidity induced changes in the refractive index and thickness of polyethylene glycol thin films

6th International Conference on PhotonicsHumidity induced changes in the refractive index and thickness of polyethylene glycol (PEG) thin films are in situ determined by optical waveguide spectroscopy. PEG brushes are covalently attached to the surface of a thin gold film on a borosilicate crown glass (BK7) using a grafting-from chemical synthesis technique. The measurements are carried out in an attenuated total internal reflection setup. At low humidity levels, both the refractive index and the thickness change gradually due to swelling of the PEG thin films upon water intake. At around 80% relative humidity, a steep decrease in the refractive index and a steep increase in the thickness are observed as a result of a phase change from a semicrystalline state to a physical gel state. The hydrogenation of PEG films causes a less pronounced phase change from a semicrystalline state to a gel state. Due to fewer ether oxygen atoms available for the water molecules to make hydrogen bonding, the polymer has a more stable structure than before and the phase change is observed to shift to higher humidity levels. It is discussed that such a humidity induced change in the index of refraction can be utilized in constructing of a PEG based humidity sensor.Czech & Slovak Soc Photonc; Act M Agcy; Czech Tech Univ; Acad Sci Czech Republic; Slovak Acad Sci; Meopta Prerov; SPIE; SPIE Europe; European Opt Soc; Opt Soc Ame

The Effect of Air Pollution on Respiratory System Disease Admissions and Health Expenditures

Objectives: Air pollution increases hospital admissions due to respiratory system diseases. This study aims to investi-gate health expenditures due to hospital admissions in Erzincan, Turkey.Methods: We acquired data on daily admissions of patients with respiratory system diseases from 2015 to 2016 in Erzincan from Mengücek Gazi Education and Research Hospital (MGERH). Concurrent air quality monitoring data were obtained from the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, and meteorological data from General Directorate of Meteorology. Risk analyses were performed via the STATA® program, followed analyses of health expenditures based on patient treatment costs obtained from the Social Security Institution.Results: In Erzincan, a total of 78.793 patients (56.5% female, 43.5% male) presented to the emergency service and clinical departments of MGERH with respiratory complaints. The highest frequency diagnosis was upper respiratory system infections and most patients fell into the age groups of 15-34 and 45-64. A correlation was obtained between the amount of particulate matter 10 ?m and smaller, one of the air quality parameters monitored in Erzincan.Conclusion: Increases in air pollution levels similarly increase the number of hospital admissions secondary to respira-tory system diseases by 0.72%. According to Social Security Institution data, average per capita health expenditures related to these admissions were 44.338.98 USD

Cytocompatibility of Novel Algae-PLA Membranes For Guided Bone Regeneration At The Level of Types I, III And V Collagen Expression

Statement of the problem: In recent years, the development of innovative and increasingly optimized barrier membranes has focused on marine algae, which as a biopolymer can form a membrane composite together with polylactic acid, thus a combination could show numerous advantages such as antioxidant, antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral as well as antiallergic properties. Furthermore, algae can be produced in an ecologically sustainable way and offer an alternative for patients who refuse treatment with bovine or porcine derived membranes due to ethical or religious reasons.Objective: In this study, four different algal membranes were evaluated for their cytocompatibility with cultured human fibroblasts and osteoblasts.Materials & Methods: Mem-Lok® (Collagen Matrix, New Jersey, USA) as a resorbable collagen membrane and ArgonautTM (Botiss Biomaterials, Zossen, Germany) as a native pericardium GBR/GTR membrane served as reference membranes (RMs). As the negative control cells incubated with normal culture medium only were used. In addition to the cell viability and proliferation assays water soluble tetrazolium (WST), MTT and BrdU, a real time semiquantitative real time PCR (RT-PCR) was developed to investigate in vitro cytocompatibility at the level of types I, III and V collagen expression. A sandblasted- large grid-acid ached titanium surface (Dentcon® Dental Implant Systems, Ankara, Turkey) served as a positive inactive control group for osteoblastic cytocompatibility.Results: For human osteoblasts, the algal membranes showed very good proliferation levels in WST-1, MTT as well as BrdU, indicating cytocompatibility. Examination of the expression behavior of type I, type III, and type V collagen genes showed no evaluable results. However, the RT-PCR should be repeated with the incorporated optimizations to be able to make a statement regarding the success of bone, skin, and connective tissue regeneration after a possible application of the membrane in maxillofacial injury treatment.Conclusion: The investigated collagen types are essential for a proper healing of defects in both soft and bone tissue, as they have fundamental functions such as stability and structural integrity of the tissues

Strengthening of plastered hollow brick infill walls using concrete/reinforced concrete plates

YÖK Tez ID: 459259Türkiye'deki yapı stoğunun çok önemli bir bölümünün depreme karşı dayanıksız olduğu ve güçlendirilmesi gerektiği bilinmektedir. Yerinde dökülen ve yapıların çerçeve sistemlerine epoksili ankraj çubuklarıyla bağlanan betonarme (BA) dolgu duvarların yapının deprem davranışını önemli ölçüde iyileştirdiği bilinmektedir. Fakat bu yöntemin binanın boşaltılmasını ve uzun bir süre şantiyeye dönüştürmesini gerektirmesi, araştırmacıları hane sakinlerini sokağa dökmeden olabildiğince ekonomik ve aynı zamanda yapısal olarak etkili güçlendirme yöntemleri geliştirmeye yöneltmiştir. Bu çalışmada önerilen güçlendirme yönteminin prensibi yapıda var olan sıvanmış tuğla dolgu duvarların bazılarının, üzerine yapıştırılan beton/BA plakalarla güçlendirilerek birer BA dolgu duvara dönüştürülmesidir. Bu amaçla, mevcut çalışma kapsamında ½ ölçeğe sahip toplam onüç adet sıvanmış tuğla duvar elemanı tersinir tekrarlanır yatay yükler altında test edilmişlerdir. Dört adet deney elemanı dikdörtgen beton plakalar, sekiz adet de şerit beton/BA plakalar yapıştırılarak güçlendirilmiştir. Deney sonuçları, beton plaka yapıştırma uygulamasının deney elemanlarının yatay yük taşıma kapasitelerini artırdığını ve davranışlarını iyileştirdiğini göstermiştir.In Turkey, majority of the building stock is known to be inadequate against earthquake and required to be strengthened. Cast-in-place reinforced concrete (RC) infill walls, connected to the frame systems by use of epoxy glued anchorages, is known to improve the behavior of the building significantly. However, requirements of this technique such as evacuation of the building and converts it to the construction area for a long time directed the researchers developing occupant friendly, economic and structurally effective strengthening techniques. The principle of the technique presented in this paper is based on bonding concrete/RC plates on some of the plastered hollow brick infill walls available in the building such that they will behave as RC infill walls. For this purpose, thirteen plastered hollow brick infill wall specimens with a scale of ½ were tested under reversed cyclic lateral loading. Four wall specimens were strengthened with rectangular concrete plates, eight specimens were strengthened with strip concrete/reinforced concrete (RC) plates. Test results showed that application of bonding concrete plates increased lateral strength of the test specimens and improved their behavior