A NEW RISK AND SAFETY ANALYSIS MODEL FOR PETROL FILLING STATIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE OF PAKISTAN FUEL STATIONS

A petrol filling station (PFS) is a common facility that is available in urban and rural areas. It stores and sells a highly flammable liquid. A PFS has potential hazards to the people, asset, and environment. Variety of hazards such as fire hazards, static electricity, fuel tank explosions, transportation hazards and air pollution evoked by aromatic organic compounds are found to be the major causes of accident/incident occurrences at PFS. Many companies are using different risk assessment methods to priorities hazards related to their work activities. In this study, a new risk and safety analysis model for PFS is to be develope

A NEW RISK AND SAFETY ANALYSIS MODEL FOR PETROL FILLING STATIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE OF PAKISTAN FUEL STATIONS

A petrol filling station (PFS) is a common facility that is available in urban and rural areas. It stores and sells a highly flammable liquid. A PFS has potential hazards to the people, asset, and environment. Variety of hazards such as fire hazards, static electricity, fuel tank explosions, transportation hazards and air pollution evoked by aromatic organic compounds are found to be the major causes of accident/incident occurrences at PFS. Many companies are using different risk assessment methods to priorities hazards related to their work activities. In this study, a new risk and safety analysis model for PFS is to be develope

Appraisement of the Pernicious Status of Drinking Water Exposed to Precambrian Rocks of Chenab Nagar Area, Punjab, Pakistan

Natural and anthropogenic indulgence in the form of industrialization, urban sprawl, and population increase deplete the water resources that entails immediate consideration. So, contemplating this need for eco-rehabilitation, drinking water quality predicted in contemporary research for surface and groundwater in proximity of Precambrian rocks (Chenab Nagar, Punjab) revealed poor water quality status. Physical parameters (EC, TDS, and temperature), chemical (pH, carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides, and heavy metals) and microbiological (total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and the absence or occurrence of E. coli) distinctiveness of water were determined in forty-two samples, collected from study area. The mean values of pH, EC, TDS, carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides, and temperature for water samples fluctuated discretely in all months. Likewise, heavy metals depicted an increasing trend as the concentration of cadmium and lead was high among all analyzed metals. Microbiological study shows that large number of the samples had elevated concentration of fecal coliforms and E. coli bacteria thus making water harmful for human consumption

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

RISK AND SAFETY ANALYSIS MODEL FOR PETROL FILLING STATIONS

A petrol filling station (PFS) is a common facility that is available in urban and rural areas. It is the only source to supply fuel for automobiles. They store and sell a highly flammable liquid. A PFS has potential hazards to the people, asset, and environment. Variety of hazards such as fire hazards, static electricity, fuel tank explosions, transportation hazards, air pollution evoked by aromatic organic compounds are found to be the major causes of accident/incident occurrences at PFS. The risk posed by these hazards varies from one PFS to another. Many companies are using different risk assessment methods to priorities hazards related to their work activities. Studies related to address importance of safety measures at PFS was not sufficient, noticeably in developing countries. In this study, a new risk and safety analysis model for PFS is to be developed. In this study, 3.5 years data of non-compliances was collected from 2500 PFS located in various cities in Pakistan. The significant numbers of health safety and environment (HSE) non-compliances recorded were due to various factors during operation and maintenance of PFS. The HSE non-compliances were classified into two categories i.e. hazards contributing factors and incident occurrences [fatality (F), accident (A), incident (I) and near miss (NM) cases]. The hazards contributing factors were then further classified into 8 categories. These were Housekeeping (HK), Transportation Hazard (TH), Slips, Trips and Falls (STF), Carelessness (C), Fire Risk (FR), Electrical Faults (EF), Miscellaneous Cases (MC) and Medical Treatment Cases (MTC). A monthly, quarterly and seasonal categorization of HSE non-compliances was carried out to evaluate the hazard occurrences flow pattern for the two categories. The risk assessment of the hazards was carried out and prioritized by using three ditTerent widely used risk assessment methods. These were, risk ranking criterion, risk matrix criterion and as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP)

RISK AND SAFETY ANALYSIS MODEL FOR PETROL FILLING STATIONS

A petrol filling station (PFS) is a common facility that is available in urban and rural areas. It is the only source to supply fuel for automobiles. They store and sell a highly flammable liquid. A PFS has potential hazards to the people, asset, and environment. Variety of hazards such as fire hazards, static electricity, fuel tank explosions, transportation hazards, air pollution evoked by aromatic organic compounds are found to be the major causes of accident/incident occurrences at PFS. The risk posed by these hazards varies from one PFS to another. Many companies are using different risk assessment methods to priorities hazards related to their work activities. Studies related to address importance of safety measures at PFS was not sufficient, noticeably in developing countries. In this study, a new risk and safety analysis model for PFS is to be developed. In this study, 3.5 years data of non-compliances was collected from 2500 PFS located in various cities in Pakistan. The significant numbers of health safety and environment (HSE) non-compliances recorded were due to various factors during operation and maintenance of PFS. The HSE non-compliances were classified into two categories i.e. hazards contributing factors and incident occurrences [fatality (F), accident (A), incident (I) and near miss (NM) cases]. The hazards contributing factors were then further classified into 8 categories. These were Housekeeping (HK), Transportation Hazard (TH), Slips, Trips and Falls (STF), Carelessness (C), Fire Risk (FR), Electrical Faults (EF), Miscellaneous Cases (MC) and Medical Treatment Cases (MTC). A monthly, quarterly and seasonal categorization of HSE non-compliances was carried out to evaluate the hazard occurrences flow pattern for the two categories. The risk assessment of the hazards was carried out and prioritized by using three ditTerent widely used risk assessment methods. These were, risk ranking criterion, risk matrix criterion and as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP)

A Putative Prophylactic Solution for COVID-19: Development of Novel Multiepitope Vaccine Candidate against SARS-COV-2 by Comprehensive Immunoinformatic and Molecular Modelling Approach

The outbreak of 2019-novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes severe respiratory infection (COVID-19) has spread in China, and the World Health Organization has declared it a pandemic. However, no approved drug or vaccines are available, and treatment is mainly supportive and through a few repurposed drugs. The urgency of the situation requires the development of SARS-CoV-2-based vaccines. Immunoinformatic and molecular modelling are time-efficient methods that are generally used to accelerate the discovery and design of the candidate peptides for vaccine development. In recent years, the use of multiepitope vaccines has proved to be a promising immunization strategy against viruses and pathogens, thus inducing more comprehensive protective immunity. The current study demonstrated a comprehensive in silico strategy to design stable multiepitope vaccine construct (MVC) from B-cell and T-cell epitopes of essential SARS-CoV-2 proteins with the help of adjuvants and linkers. The integrated molecular dynamics simulations analysis revealed the stability of MVC and its interaction with human Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which trigger an innate and adaptive immune response. Later, the in silico cloning in a known pET28a vector system also estimated the possibility of MVC expression in Escherichia coli. Despite that this study lacks validation of this vaccine construct in terms of its efficacy, the current integrated strategy encompasses the initial multiple epitope vaccine design concepts. After validation, this MVC can be present as a better prophylactic solution against COVID-19.status: publishe

A Putative Prophylactic Solution for COVID-19: Development of Novel Multiepitope Vaccine Candidate against SARS-COV-2 by Comprehensive Immunoinformatic and Molecular Modelling Approach

The outbreak of 2019-novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes severe respiratory infection (COVID-19) has spread in China, and the World Health Organization has declared it a pandemic. However, no approved drug or vaccines are available, and treatment is mainly supportive and through a few repurposed drugs. The urgency of the situation requires the development of SARS-CoV-2-based vaccines. Immunoinformatic and molecular modelling are time-efficient methods that are generally used to accelerate the discovery and design of the candidate peptides for vaccine development. In recent years, the use of multiepitope vaccines has proved to be a promising immunization strategy against viruses and pathogens, thus inducing more comprehensive protective immunity. The current study demonstrated a comprehensive in silico strategy to design stable multiepitope vaccine construct (MVC) from B-cell and T-cell epitopes of essential SARS-CoV-2 proteins with the help of adjuvants and linkers. The integrated molecular dynamics simulations analysis revealed the stability of MVC and its interaction with human Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which trigger an innate and adaptive immune response. Later, the in silico cloning in a known pET28a vector system also estimated the possibility of MVC expression in Escherichia coli. Despite that this study lacks validation of this vaccine construct in terms of its efficacy, the current integrated strategy encompasses the initial multiple epitope vaccine design concepts. After validation, this MVC can be present as a better prophylactic solution against COVID-19