2,845 research outputs found
Break-up fragment topology in statistical multifragmentation models
Break-up fragmentation patterns together with kinetic and configurational
energy fluctuations are investigated in the framework of a microcanonical model
with fragment degrees of freedom over a broad excitation energy range. As far
as fragment partitioning is approximately preserved, energy fluctuations are
found to be rather insensitive to both the way in which the freeze-out volume
is constrained and the trajectory followed by the system in the excitation
energy - freeze-out volume space. Due to hard-core repulsion, the freeze-out
volume is found to be populated un-uniformly, its highly depleted core giving
the source a bubble-like structure. The most probable localization of the
largest fragments in the freeze-out volume may be inferred experimentally from
their kinematic properties, largely dictated by Coulomb repulsion
Searching for the statistically equilibrated systems formed in heavy ion collisions
Further improvements and refinements are brought to the microcanonical
multifragmentation model [Al. H. Raduta and Ad. R. Raduta, Phys. Rev. C {\bf
55}, 1344 (1997); {\it ibid.} {\bf 61}, 034611 (2000)]. The new version of the
model is tested on the recently published experimental data concerning the
Xe+Sn at 32 MeV/u and Gd+U at 36 MeV/u reactions. A remarkable good
simultaneous reproduction of fragment size observables and kinematic
observables is to be noticed. It is shown that the equilibrated source can be
unambiguously identified.Comment: Physical Review C, in pres
Microcanonical studies on isoscaling
The exponential scaling of isotopic yields is investigated for sources of
different sizes over a broad range of excitation energies and freeze-out
volumes, in both primary and asymptotic stages of the decay in the framework of
a microcanonical multifragmentation model. It was found that the scaling
parameters have a strong dependence on the considered pair of equilibrated
sources and excitation energy and are affected by the secondary particle
emission of the break-up fragments. No significant influence of the freeze-out
volume on the considered isotopic ratios has been observed. Deviations of
microcanonical results from grandcanonical expectations are discussed.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figure
Alteration of beta-cell constitutive NO synthase activity is involved in the abnormal insulin response to arginine in a new rat model of type 2 diabetes.
We have previously obtained a new type 2 diabetic syndrome in adult rats given streptozotocin and nicotinamide, characterized by reduced beta-cell mass, partially preserved insulin response to glucose and tolbutamide and excessive responsiveness to arginine. We have also established that the neuronal isoform of constitutive NO synthase (nNOS) is expressed in beta-cells and modulates insulin secretion. In this study, we explored the kinetics of glucose- and arginine-stimulated insulin release in perifused isolated islets as well as the effect of N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a NOS inhibitor, to get insight into the possible mechanisms responsible for the arginine hypersensitivity observed in vitro in this and other models of type 2 diabetes. A reduced first phase and a blunted second phase of insulin secretion were observed upon glucose stimulation of diabetic islets, confirming previous data in the isolated perfused rat pancreas. Exposure of diabetic islets to 10 mM arginine, in the presence of 2.8 mM glucose, elicited a remarkable monophasic increment in insulin release, which peaked at 639 +/- 31 pg/islet/min as compared to 49 +/- 18 pg/islet/min in control islets (P << 0.01). The addition of L-NAME to control islets markedly enhanced the insulin response to arginine, as expected from the documented inhibitory effect exerted by nNOS activity in normal beta-cells, whereas it did not further modify the insulin secretion in diabetic islets, thus implying the occurrence of a defective nNOS activity in these islets. A reduced expression of nNOS mRNA was found in the majority but not in all diabetic islet preparations and therefore cannot totally account for the absence of L-NAME effect, that might also be ascribed to post-transcriptional mechanisms impairing nNOS catalytic activity. In conclusion, our results provide for the first time evidence that functional abnormalities of type 2 experimental diabetes, such as the insulin hyper-responsiveness to arginine, could be due to an impairment of nNOS expression and/or activity in beta-cell
Break-up stage restoration in multifragmentation reactions
In the case of Xe+Sn at 32 MeV/nucleon multifragmentation reaction break-up
fragments are built-up from the experimentally detected ones using evaluations
of light particle evaporation multiplicities which thus settle fragment
internal excitation. Freeze-out characteristics are extracted from experimental
kinetic energy spectra under the assumption of full decoupling between fragment
formation and energy dissipated in different degrees of freedom. Thermal
kinetic energy is determined uniquely while for freeze-out volume - collective
energy a multiple solution is obtained. Coherence between the solutions of the
break-up restoration algorithm and the predictions of a multifragmentation
model with identical definition of primary fragments is regarded as a way to
select the true value. The broad kinetic energy spectrum of He is
consistent with break-up genesis of this isotope.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure
Loop expansion in Yang-Mills thermodynamics
We argue that a selfconsistent spatial coarse-graining, which involves
interacting (anti)calorons of unit topological charge modulus, implies that
real-time loop expansions of thermodynamical quantities in the deconfining
phase of SU(2) and SU(3) Yang-Mills thermodynamics are, modulo 1PI
resummations, determined by a finite number of connected bubble diagrams.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures, v5: discussion of much more severely constrained
nonplanar situation included in Sec.
Ultraviolet asymptotics of scalar and pseudoscalar correlators in hot Yang-Mills theory
Inspired by recent lattice measurements, we determine the short-distance (a
> omega >> pi T) asymptotics
of scalar (trace anomaly) and pseudoscalar (topological charge density)
correlators at 2-loop order in hot Yang-Mills theory. The results are expressed
in the form of an Operator Product Expansion. We confirm and refine the
determination of a number of Wilson coefficients; however some discrepancies
with recent literature are detected as well, and employing the correct values
might help, on the qualitative level, to understand some of the features
observed in the lattice measurements. On the other hand, the Wilson
coefficients show slow convergence and it appears uncertain whether this
approach can lead to quantitative comparisons with lattice data. Nevertheless,
as we outline, our general results might serve as theoretical starting points
for a number of perhaps phenomenologically more successful lines of
investigation.Comment: 27 pages. v2: minor improvements, published versio
Microcanonical studies concerning the recent experimental evaluations of the nuclear caloric curve
The microcanonical multifragmentation model from [Al. H. Raduta and Ad. R.
Raduta, Phys. Rev. C 55, 1344 (1997); 56, 2059 (1997); 59, 323 (1999)] is
refined and improved by taking into account the experimental discrete levels
for fragments with and by including the stage of sequential decay of
the primary excited fragments. The caloric curve is reevaluated and the heat
capacity at constant volume curve is represented as a function of excitation
energy and temperature. The sequence of equilibrated sources formed in the
reactions studied by the ALADIN group (Au+Au at 600, 800 and
1000 MeV/nucleon bombarding energy) is deduced by fitting simultaneously the
model predicted mean multiplicity of intermediate mass fragments ()
and charge asymmetry of the two largest fragments () versus bound
charge () on the corresponding experimental data. Calculated HeLi
isotopic temperature curves as a function of the bound charge are compared with
the experimentally deduced ones.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure
Resummation scheme for 3d Yang-Mills and the two-loop magnetic mass for hot gauge theories
Perturbation theory for non-Abelian gauge theories at finite temperature is
plagued by infrared divergences caused by magnetic soft modes ,
which correspond to the fields of a 3d Yang-Mills theory. We revisit a gauge
invariant resummation scheme to solve this problem by self-consistent mass
generation using an auxiliary scalar field, improving over previous attempts in
two respects. First, we generalise earlier SU(2) treatments to SU(N). Second,
we obtain a gauge independent two-loop gap equation, correcting an error in the
literature. The resulting two-loop approximation to the magnetic mass
represents a correction to the leading one-loop value, indicating a
reasonable convergence of the resummation.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figure
Ensemble in-equivalence in supernova matter within a simple model
A simple, exactly solvable statistical model is presented for the description
of baryonic matter in the thermodynamic conditions associated to the evolution
of core-collapsing supernova. It is shown that the model presents a first order
phase transition in the grandcanonical ensemble which is not observed in the
canonical ensemble. Similar to other model systems studied in condensed matter
physics, this ensemble in-equivalence is accompanied by negative susceptibility
and discontinuities in the intensive observables conjugated to the order
parameter. This peculiar behavior originates from the fact that baryonic matter
is subject to attractive short range strong forces as well as repulsive long
range electromagnetic interactions, partially screened by a background of
electrons. As such, it is expected in any theoretical treatment of nuclear
matter in the stellar environment. Consequences for the phenomenology of
supernova dynamics are drawn
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