INFUSÃO UTERINA COM BIGUANIDA POLIMÉRICA SOBRE A COLONIZAÇÃO BACTERIANA DO ÚTERO DE VACAS COM INFECÇÃO PUERPERAL APÓS RETENÇÃO DE ENVOLTÓRIOS FETAIS

This study was carried out with the aim to verify the utilization viability of polymeric biguanide solutions for the topic treatment of puerperal uterine infections in bovine females after premature parturition. Twenty Girolando cows of a dairy farm, with placenta retention and metritis were randomly distributed in two groups. Group 1, constituted of cows that received three uterine infusions of a polymeric biguanide solution, and Group 2, with animals that were not submitted to any treatment. There were taken uterine content samples at the first, third and fifth post partum weeks for bacteriological cultures, that means, before the first infusion, 14 and 28 days after treatment. The founds of bacteriological cultures in the two groups demonstrated that the solution of polymeric biguanide was not effective to reduce uterine bacteriological colonization in cows with post partum infections.Com o objetivo de estudar a viabilidade da utilização de biguanida polimérica, no tratamento tópico de infecções puerperais em fêmeas bovinas após o parto prematuro, 20 fêmeas Girolando pertencentes a um sistema de produção leiteira, que apresentaram retenção de envoltórios fetais e conseqüentemente endometrite puerperal, foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos. O Grupo I, foi constituído de animais que receberam três infusões uterinas de biguanida polimérica; e o Grupo 2, animais não tratados. Foram realizadas colheitas de conteúdo uterino na primeira, terceira e quinta semanas pós-parto para realização de cultivos bacteriológicos, ou seja, antes da infusão, aos 14 e 28 dias após tratamento medicamentoso. O resultado dos cultivos bacteriológicos nos dois grupos demonstrou que a utilização da biguanida polimérica não reduziu a colonização bacteriana no útero dos animais tratados, em comparação àqueles não tratados

Anthropometric and reproductive factors and risk of esophageal and gastric cancer by subtype and subsite: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort

Obesity has been associated with upper gastrointestinal cancers; however, there are limited prospective data on associations by subtype/subsite. Obesity can impact hormonal factors, which have been hypothesized to play a role in these cancers. We investigated anthropometric and reproductive factors in relation to esophageal and gastric cancer by subtype and subsite for 476,160 participants from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95%-confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox models. During a mean follow-up of 14 years, 220 esophageal adenocarcinomas (EA), 195 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, 243 gastric cardia (GC) and 373 gastric non-cardia (GNC) cancers were diagnosed. Body mass index (BMI) was associated with EA in men (BMI≥30 vs 18.5-25kg/m2: HR=1.94, 95%-CI: 1.25-3.03) and women (HR=2.66, 95%-CI: 1.15-6.19); however, adjustment for waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) attenuated these associations. WHR and waist circumference (WC) were associated with EA in men (HR=3.47, 95%-CI: 1.99-6.06 for WHR >0.96 vs 98 vs 0.82 vs 83 vs 2 vs 0) and age at first pregnancy and GNC (HR=0.54, 95%-CI: 0.32-0.91; >26 vsPeer reviewe

Global maps of soil temperature.

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km <sup>2</sup> resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km <sup>2</sup> pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications