D'atri spaces of type k and related classes of geometries concerning jacobi operators

In this article we continue the study of the geometry of $k$-D'Atri spaces, $$ $\leq n-1$ ($n$ denotes the dimension of the manifold)$,$ began by the second author. It is known that $k$-D'Atri spaces, $k\geq 1,$ are related to properties of Jacobi operators $R_{v}$ along geodesics, since she has shown that ${\operatorname{tr}}R_{v}$, ${\operatorname{tr}}R_{v}^{2}$ are invariant under the geodesic flow for any unit tangent vector $v$. Here, assuming that the Riemannian manifold is a D'Atri space, we prove in our main result that ${\operatorname{tr}}R_{v}^{3}$ is also invariant under the geodesic flow if $k\geq 3$. In addition, other properties of Jacobi operators related to the Ledger conditions are obtained and they are used to give applications to Iwasawa type spaces. In the class of D'Atri spaces of Iwasawa type, we show two different characterizations of the symmetric spaces of noncompact type: they are exactly the $\frak{C}$-spaces and on the other hand they are $k$ -D'Atri spaces for some $k\geq 3.$ In the last case, they are $k$-D'Atri for all $k=1,...,n-1$ as well. In particular, Damek-Ricci spaces that are $k$-D'Atri for some $k\geq 3$ are symmetric. Finally, we characterize $k$-D'Atri spaces for all $k=1,...,n-1$ as the $\frak{SC}$-spaces (geodesic symmetries preserve the principal curvatures of small geodesic spheres). Moreover, applying this result in the case of 4% -dimensional homogeneous spaces we prove that the properties of being a D'Atri (1-D'Atri) space, or a 3-D'Atri space, are equivalent to the property of being a $k$-D'Atri space for all $k=1,2,3$.Comment: 19 pages. This paper substitute the previous one where one Theorem has been deleted and one section has been adde

Maternal and paternal parenting styles as a whole: validation of the simple form of the Parenting Style Evaluation Scale

La Escala para la Evaluación del Estilo Parental (EEEP) pregunta a los adolescentes sobre los estilos educativos de sus padres por separado (“tu padre” y “tu madre”) o de forma conjunta (“tus padres”), pero solo se ha evaluado la validez en la versión por separado. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la validez de las inferencias de la versión conjunta. Se reclutó una muestra de 1507 adolescentes, de 12 a 18 años. Se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios en dos submuestras independientes. Después se probó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para comprobar la asociación de las subescalas de la EEEP con desenlaces de los adolescentes (optimismo, pesimismo y resultados académicos). Los resultados muestran buenas medidas de ajuste de la estructura del instrumento. Además, las subescalas mostraron asociación con los desenlaces. La EEEP puede ser usada con fiabilidad en su forma conjunta, resultando en una reducción de ítems, los cual es a menudo beneficioso para la investigación

Mental health, family roles and employment status inside and outside the household in Spain

To document the prevalence of poor mental health by gender and social class, and to analyze if poor mental health is associated with the family roles or the employment status inside and outside the household. A cross-sectional study based on a representative sample of the Spanish population was carried out (n = 14,247). Mental health was evaluated using GHQ-12. Employment status, marital status, family roles (main breadwinner and the person who mainly carries out the household work) and educational level were considered as explanatory variables. Multiple logistic regression models stratified by gender and social class were fitted and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were obtained. Gender and social class differences in the prevalence of poor mental health were observed. Unemployment was associated with higher prevalence. Among men the main breadwinner role was related to poor mental health mainly in those that belong to manual classes (aOR = 1.2). Among women, mainly among nonmanual classes, these problems were associated to marital status: widowed, separated or divorced (aOR = 1.9) and to dealing with the household work by themselves (aOR = 1.9). In Spain, gender and social class differences in mental health still exist. In addition, family roles and working situation, both inside and outside the household, could constitute a source of inequalities in mental health

Influence of a Uniform Current on Collective Magnetization Dynamics in a Ferromagnetic Metal

We discuss the influence of a uniform current, $\vec{j}$, on the magnetization dynamics of a ferromagnetic metal. We find that the magnon energy $\epsilon(\vec{q})$ has a current-induced contribution proportional to $\vec{q}\cdot \vec{\cal J}$, where $\vec{\cal J}$ is the spin-current, and predict that collective dynamics will be more strongly damped at finite ${\vec j}$. We obtain similar results for models with and without local moment participation in the magnetic order. For transition metal ferromagnets, we estimate that the uniform magnetic state will be destabilized for $j \gtrsim 10^{9} {\rm A} {\rm cm}^{-2}$. We discuss the relationship of this effect to the spin-torque effects that alter magnetization dynamics in inhomogeneous magnetic systems.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figure

A role for XRCC2 gene polymorphisms in breast cancer risk and survival

Background The XRCC2 gene is a key mediator in the homologous recombination repair of DNA double strand breaks. It is hypothesised that inherited variants in the XRCC2 gene might also affect susceptibility to, and survival from, breast cancer. Methods The study genotyped 12 XRCC2 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1131 breast cancer cases and 1148 controls from the Sheffield Breast Cancer Study (SBCS), and examined their associations with breast cancer risk and survival by estimating ORs and HRs, and their corresponding 95% CIs. Positive findings were further investigated in 860 cases and 869 controls from the Utah Breast Cancer Study (UBCS) and jointly analysed together with available published data for breast cancer risk. The survival findings were further confirmed in studies (8074 cases) from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). Results The most significant association with breast cancer risk in the SBCS dataset was the XRCC2 rs3218408 SNP (recessive model p=2.3×10−4, minor allele frequency (MAF)=0.23). This SNP yielded an ORrec of 1.64 (95% CI 1.25 to 2.16) in a two-site analysis of SBCS and UBCS, and a meta-ORrec of 1.33 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.57) when all published data were included. This SNP may mark a rare risk haplotype carried by two in 1000 of the control population. Furthermore, the XRCC2 coding R188H SNP (rs3218536, MAF=0.08) was significantly associated with poor survival, with an increased per-allele HR of 1.58 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.49) in a multivariate analysis. This effect was still evident in a pooled meta-analysis of 8781 breast cancer patients from the BCAC (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.36; p=0.01). Conclusions These findings suggest that XRCC2 SNPs may influence breast cancer risk and survival

High-Accuracy X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Phase Evolution Sequence During Devitrification of Cu50Zr50 Metallic Glass

Real-time high-energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD) was used to investigate the crystallization kinetics and phase selection sequence for constant-heating-rate devitrification of fully amorphous Cu50Zr50, using heating rates from 10 K/min to 60 K/min (10 °C/min to 60 °C/min). In situ HEXRD patterns were obtained by the constant-rate heating of melt-spun ribbons under synchrotron radiation. High-accuracy phase identification and quantitative assessment of phase fraction evolution though the duration of the observed transformations were performed using a Rietveld refinement method. Results for 10 K/min (10 °C/min) heating show the apparent simultaneous formation of three phases, orthorhombic Cu10Zr7, tetragonal CuZr2 (C11b), and cubic CuZr (B2), at 706 K (433 °C), followed immediately by the dissolution of the CuZr (B2) phase upon continued heating to 789 K (516 °C). Continued heating results in reprecipitation of the CuZr (B2) phase at 1002 K (729 °C), with the material transforming completely to CuZr (B2) by 1045 K (772 °C). The Cu5Zr8 phase, previously reported to be a devitrification product in C50Zr50, was not observed in the present study

Effectiveness and Safety of the Sequential Use of a Second and Third Anti-TNF Agent in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results from the Eneida Registry

Background: The effectiveness of the switch to another anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agent is not known. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness and safety of treatment with a second and third anti-TNF drug after intolerance to or failure of a previous anti-TNF agent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Methods: We included patients diagnosed with IBD from the ENEIDA registry who received another anti-TNF after intolerance to or failure of a prior anti-TNF agent. Results: A total of 1122 patients were included. In the short term, remission was achieved in 55% of the patients with the second anti-TNF. The incidence of loss of response was 19% per patient-year with the second anti-TNF. Combination therapy (hazard ratio [HR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-3; P < 0.0001) and ulcerative colitis vs Crohn''s disease (HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.1; P = 0.005) were associated with a higher probability of loss of response. Fifteen percent of the patients had adverse events, and 10% had to discontinue the second anti-TNF. Of the 71 patients who received a third anti-TNF, 55% achieved remission. The incidence of loss of response was 22% per patient-year with a third anti-TNF. Adverse events occurred in 7 patients (11%), but only 1 stopped the drug. Conclusions: Approximately half of the patients who received a second anti-TNF achieved remission; nevertheless, a significant proportion of them subsequently lost response. Combination therapy and type of IBD were associated with loss of response. Remission was achieved in almost 50% of patients who received a third anti-TNF; nevertheless, a significant proportion of them subsequently lost response

Milagro limits and HAWC sensitivity for the rate-density of evaporating Primordial Black Holes

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