Air scrubbing techniques for the reduction of gaseous emissions from livestock farms. Actual knowledge in the Netherlands and possibilities for implementation on Spanish farms.

In The Netherlands, packed-bed biotrickling filters and acid scrubbers for removal of ammonia from exhaust air of animal houses are off-the-shelf techniques for ammonia removal. At the moment a new generation of so-called "multi-pollutant scrubbers" is being developed and tested that also removes odour and particulate matter from the air. Air cleaning systems are unusual in Spanish farms. The study of these techniques and their adaptation to Spanish farms, can be an interesting issue in order to achieve the national gas emission reduction commitments, and also to reduce social nuisances

Cálculo de la corrección topográfica a las observaciones gravimétricas en la Caldera del Teide obtenidas a partir del modelo topográfico digital de la Isla de Tenerife

Como se expuso en otra comunicación, se ha desarrollado un modelo digital topográfico de la Isla de Tenerife, una de cuyas aplicaciones es el cálculo de la corrección topográfica de las observaciones grav~métricas efectuadas en la Caldera del Teide y en zonas próximas. El método clásico, que utiliza ábacos a cuyos compartimentos deben asignarse altitudes medias a partir de la cartografía existente, resulta enormemente lento, penoso y no exento de posibles errores personales. Para obtener mayor precisión el modelo d í gí t al de la Isla obtenido a partir del 50.000 del Servicio Geográfico del Ejército, se ha suplementado en la zona de la Caldera con el 25.000 de dicha zona. Se presenta en esta comunicación el método y los resultados obtenidos, para la corrección topográfica, y la comparación de dichos resultados con los que se calculan a partir de emplear el método de Hammer en la primera campaña de observación. Como conclusión podemos decir que las anomalías obtenidas a partir del calculo automático, basado en el modelo digital, son del mismo orden de magnitud que las que se obtuvieron por el método del ábaco pero con la enorme ventaja de ganancia en tiempo y disminución de errores personale

Patient Perspective on the Management of Cancer Pain in Spain

Pain in cancer is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Breakthrough pain, in particular, severely impacts the quality of life of patients. In this study, we evaluated management and care of pain in Spain from the patient perspective by assessing the experience of 275 patients who had suffered breakthrough pain. Although most patients had suffered moderate-to-severe pain in the last 24 hours, pain relief was achieved in the majority of cases. The body areas with a higher pain intensity was felt varied based on primary cancer. Adherence to treatment was subpar, and patients were moderately concerned about addiction to treatment and adverse events. Doctors did not assess pain in every visit and there is room for improvement in its classification. Education strategies directed toward patients and health care personnel are needed to improve pain assessment, follow-up, and compliance. These could guide shared decision-making and improve communication about cancer pain to improve its care

A cosmological dust model with extended f(chi) gravity

Introducing a fundamental constant of nature with dimensions of acceleration into the theory of gravity makes it possible to extend gravity in a very consistent manner. At the non-relativistic level a MOND-like theory with a modification in the force sector is obtained, which is the limit of a very general metric relativistic theory of gravity. Since the mass and length scales involved in the dynamics of the whole universe require small accelerations of the order of Milgrom's acceleration constant a_0, it turns out that the relativistic theory of gravity can be used to explain the expansion of the universe. In this work it is explained how to use that relativistic theory of gravity in such a way that the overall large-scale dynamics of the universe can be treated in a pure metric approach without the need to introduce dark matter and/or dark energy components.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in the European Physical Journal

Gender and functional CYP2C and NAT2 polymorphisms determine the metabolic profile of metamizole

Metamizole is a pain-killer drug that has been banned in some countries because of its toxicity, but it is still used in many countries due to its effective analgesic and antispasmodic properties. Although large variability in the biodisposition and adverse effects of metamizole are known, factors underlying this variability are poorly understood. We analyzed the urinary recovery of metabolites, as well as the association of these profiles with genetic and non-genetic factors, in a group of 362 healthy individuals. Gender and functional polymorphisms are strongly related to metabolic profiles. N-demethylation of the active metabolite MAA is diminished in carriers of the CYP2C19*2 allele and in NAT2-slow acetylators. Acetylation of the secondary metabolite AA is decreased in men, in drinkers and in NAT2-slow acetylators with a differential effect of NAT2*5 and NAT2*6 alleles. The formylation of MAA is diminished in older subjects and in carriers of defect CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 alleles. Two novel arachidonoyl metabolites were identified for the first time in humans. Women and NAT2-slow acetylators show higher concentrations, whereas the presence of the rapid CYP2C19*17 allele is associated with lower concentrations of these metabolites. All genetic associations show a gene-dose effect. We identified for the first time genetic and non-genetic factors related to the oxidative metabolism of analgesic drug metamizole, as well as new active metabolites in humans. The phenotypic and genetic factors identified in this study have a potential application as biomarkers of metamizole biotransformation and toxicity.We are grateful to Prof. James McCue for assistance in language editing. Financed by grants PS09/00943, PS09/00469, PI12/00241, PI12/00324 and RETICS RD07/0064/0016 and RD12/0013/0002 and RD12/0013/0009 from Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; GR10068 from Junta de Extremadura, Spain. Financed in part with FEDER funds from the European Union. I.A. is supported by a Servet Contract CP11/00154.Martínez, C.; Andreu Ros, MI.; Amo, G.; Miranda Alonso, MÁ.; Esguevillas, G.; Torres, MJ.; Blanca López, N.... (2014). Gender and functional CYP2C and NAT2 polymorphisms determine the metabolic profile of metamizole. Biochemical Pharmacology. 92(3):457-466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2014.09.005S45746692

PrevenBox: Evaluation of concomitant use of preventive medications with OnabotulinumtoxinA in migraine

P114 Background: OnabotulinumtoxinA is an effective, tolerable and safepreventive treatment for chronic migraine (CM). Other than a reduc-tion in headache frequency or disability, in CM the withdrawal ofconcomitant preventive medication indicates treatment effectivenessand quality of life improvement. Objective: To characterize the change in the use of oral preventivemedication after treatment with OnabotulinumtoxinA in patientswith migraine. Methods: This is a multicentre study. We consecutively included pa-tients with migraine (ICHD-3) that were on preventive treatment withOnabotulinumtoxinA. We retrospectively collected demographic data, diagnosis of migraine, frequency and intensity changes, number ofcycle and OnabotulinumtoxinA dose. In addition, we listed the initialand current preventive treatment (number of drugs and group) andthe number and cycle of medications withdrawn. We performed aunivariate and logistic regression analysis. Results: We included 542 patients: 87.6% women, mean age 47.6 ±11.7 years. A 89.3% had chronic migraine and 10.8% had high fre-quency episodic migraine. The mean reduction in frequency aftertreatment was 13.4±8.2 headache days/month. At baseline, a 91.3%took other preventives and during treatment with Onabotulinumtox-inA a 58.6% withdrew at least one drug, 25.8% stopped completelyall oral preventive drugs. Factors associated with withdrawal were:being male, having >50% response in frequency and intensity, thenumber of infiltrations and a shorter chronification period until thefirst OnabotulinumtoxinA administration (p <0.05). The multivariateanalysis showed that a better response in intensity (OR:1.8 [1.4-2.2], p<0.001), a greater number of infiltrations (OR:1.1 [1.0-1.2], p<0.001)and a shorter chronification period (OR:0.994 [0.992-0.997], p<0.001)were predictors of withdrawal. The ROC curve, showed that 6 Onabo-tulinumtoxinA cycles was the cut-off point that better predicted oralpreventive medication withdrawal (p <0.001). Conclusions: Treatment with OnabotulinumtoxinA reduces the use ofother preventive medications for migraine. The highest probability ofwithdrawal occurs after 6 cycles of treatment

Photo-induced second-order nonlinearity in stoichiometric silicon nitride waveguides

We report the observation of second-harmonic generation in stoichiometric silicon nitride waveguides grown via low-pressure chemical vapour deposition. Quasi-rectangular waveguides with a large cross section were used, with a height of 1 {\mu}m and various different widths, from 0.6 to 1.2 {\mu}m, and with various lengths from 22 to 74 mm. Using a mode-locked laser delivering 6-ps pulses at 1064 nm wavelength with a repetition rate of 20 MHz, 15% of the incoming power was coupled through the waveguide, making maximum average powers of up to 15 mW available in the waveguide. Second-harmonic output was observed with a delay of minutes to several hours after the initial turn-on of pump radiation, showing a fast growth rate between 10$^{-4}$ to 10$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, with the shortest delay and highest growth rate at the highest input power. After this first, initial build-up, the second-harmonic became generated instantly with each new turn-on of the pump laser power. Phase matching was found to be present independent of the used waveguide width, although the latter changes the fundamental and second-harmonic phase velocities. We address the presence of a second-order nonlinearity and phase matching, involving an initial, power-dependent build-up, to the coherent photogalvanic effect. The effect, via the third-order nonlinearity and multiphoton absorption leads to a spatially patterned charge separation, which generates a spatially periodic, semi-permanent, DC-field-induced second-order susceptibility with a period that is appropriate for quasi-phase matching. The maximum measured second-harmonic conversion efficiency amounts to 0.4% in a waveguide with 0.9 x 1 {\mu}m$^2$ cross section and 36 mm length, corresponding to 53 {\mu}W at 532 nm with 13 mW of IR input coupled into the waveguide. The according $\chi^{(2)}$ amounts to 3.7 pm/V, as retrieved from the measured conversion efficiency.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figure

Modeling and multivariable control of the urban electric vehicle UAL-eCARM

[EN] This work presents the modeling and complete control of the Drive-by-Wire system of an electric urban vehicle. This system includes the steering mechanism, acceleration and brake of the vehicle. The modeling has been performed using low-order transfer functions using “black box” models. In regards to control, all developed controllers are of the PID type in their different configurations. The direct current actuators coupled to the steering and brake are controlled by a cascade control system while the acceleration is controlled by a gain scheduling system. The project source code is freely available on Github. Experimental results demonstrate the validity of the models obtained, as well as the effectiveness of the developed controllers.[ES] Este trabajo presenta el modelado y control completo del sistema Drive-by-Wire de un vehículo urbano eléctrico. Dicho sistema comprende el mecanismo de dirección, la aceleración y el freno del vehículo. El modelado se ha realizado empleando funciones de transferencia de bajo orden haciendo uso de modelos de “caja negra”. En lo referente al control, todos los controladores desarrollados son del tipo PID en sus distintas configuraciones. Los actuadores de corriente continua acoplados a la dirección y freno se controlan mediante un sistema de control en cascada mientras que la aceleración está controlada por un sistema de planificación de ganancias. El código del proyecto se encuentra disponible en la plataforma Github. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la validez de los modelos obtenidos, así como la eficacia de los controladores desarrollados.Este trabajo fue financiado en parte por el Proyecto de Plan Nacional de I+D+i DPI2017-85007-R del Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad y fondos FEDER.Mañas-Álvarez, FJ.; Blanco-Claraco, JL.; Torres-Moreno, JL.; Giménez-Fernández, A. (2020). Modelado y control multivariable del vehículo urbano eléctrico UAL-eCARM. 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A low-cost modular platform for heterogeneous data acquisition with accurate interchannel synchronization. Sensors 15 (10), 27374-27392. https://doi.org/10.3390/s151027374Calvillo, C. F., Sanchez-Miralles, A., Villar, J., 2018. Synergies of electric urban transport systems and distributed energy resources in smart cities. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 19 (8), 2445-2453. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2017.2750401De Novellis, L., Sorniotti, A., Gruber, P., Pennycott, A., 2014. Comparison of feedback control techniques for torque-vectoring control of fully electric vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 63 (8), 3612-3623. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2014.2305475Doumiati, M., Victorino, A., Charara, A., 2014. Dynamics control of an In-Wheel Electric Vehicle with Steer-by-Wire. 2014 17th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, ITSC 2014, 348-353, Qingdao , China. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2014.6957715Drage, T., Kalinowski, J., Braunl, T., 2014. Integration of Drive-by-Wire with Navigation Control for a Driverless Electric Race Car. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine 6 (4), 23-33. https://doi.org/10.1109/MITS.2014.2327160Fu, Y., Chai, T., 2012. Robust self-tunning PI decoupling control of uncertain multivariable systems. International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing 2522619 (26), 316-332. https://doi.org/10.1002/acs.1285Halton, M., Hayes, M. J., Iordanov, P., 2008. State-space analysis for an experimental drive-by-wire vehicle. International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control: IFAC-Aliated Journal 18 (9), 975-992. https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.1322Hernández, G., Bordons, C., Marcos, D., Montero, C., 2015. Control De Estabilidad Basado En MPC Para Un Vehículo Eléctrico Con Motores En Rueda. XXXVI Jornadas de Automática, Huelva, España.Line, C., Manzie, C., Good, M., 2010. Control of an Electromechanical Brake for Automotive Brake-By-Wire Systems with an Adapted Motion Control Architecture. SAE Technical Paper Series 1 (724).Linfeng, L., Hai,W., Ping, H., Huifang, K., Ming, Y., Canghua, J., Zhihong, M., 2017. Robust chattering-free sliding mode control of electronic throttle systems in drive-by-wire vehicles. In: 2017 36th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, pp. 9513-9518, Lianoning, China. https://doi.org/10.23919/ChiCC.2017.8028875Montes, H., Salinas, C., Fernánndez, R., Armada, M., 2017. An experimental platform for autonomous bus development. Applied Sciences 7 (11), 1131. https://doi.org/10.3390/app7111131Ni, J., Hu, J., Xiang, C., 2018. Control-configured-vehicle design and implementation on an x-by-wire electric vehicle. 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Modelado, identificación y control de actuadores lineales electro-neumáticos. aplicación en plataforma de dos grados de libertad. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática Industrial RIAI 4 (4), 58-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1697-7912(07)70245-5Scicluna, K., Staines, C. S., Raute, R., 2017. Sensorless position tracking for steer-by-wire applications. In: 2017 19th International Conference on Electrical Drives and Power Electronics (EDPE). IEEE, pp. 341-346, Dubrovnik, Croatia. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDPE.2017.8123227Todeschini, F., Corno, M., Panzani, G., Fiorenti, S., Savaresi, S. M., 2015. Adaptive cascade control of a brake-by-wire actuator for sport motorcycles. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 20 (3), 1310-1319. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMECH.2014.2341114Villagrá, J., Milanés, V., Pérez, J., de Pedro, T., 2012. Control basado en PID inteligentes: aplicación al control de crucero de un vehículo a bajas velocidades. 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Phantom Field with O(N) Symmetry in Exponential Potential

In this paper, we study the phase space of phantom model with O(\emph{N}) symmetry in exponential potential. Different from the model without O(\emph{N}) symmetry, the introduction of the symmetry leads to a lower bound $w>-3$ on the equation of state for the existence of stable phantom dominated attractor phase. The reconstruction relation between the potential of O(\textit{N}) phantom system and red shift has been derived.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, replaced with the version to appear on Phys. Rev.