1,868 research outputs found
Racetrack inflation with matter fields and cosmic strings
We consider the coupling of racetrack inflation to matter fields as realized in the D3/D7 brane system. In particular, we investigate the possibility of cosmic string formation in this system. We find that strings can form before or at the onset of racetrack inflation is possible, but they are then inflated away. Furthermore, string formation at the end of inflation is prevented by the presence of the moduli sector. As a consequence, no strings survive racetrack inflation
A conserved metalloprotease mediates ecdysis in Caenorhabditis elegans
Molting is required for progression between larval stages
in the life cycle of nematodes. We have identified four
mutant alleles of a <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> metalloprotease
gene, <i>nas-37</i>, that cause incomplete ecdysis. At each molt
the cuticle fails to open sufficiently at the anterior end and
the partially shed cuticle is dragged behind the animal. The
gene is expressed in hypodermal cells 4 hours before ecdysis
during all larval stages. The <i>NAS-37</i> protein accumulates
in the anterior cuticle and is shed in the cuticle after
ecdysis. This pattern of protein accumulation places NAS-
37 in the right place and at the right time to degrade the
cuticle to facilitate ecdysis. The nas-37 gene has orthologs
in other nematode species, including parasitic nematodes,
and they undergo a similar shedding process. For example,
<i>Haemonchus contortus</i> molts by digesting a ring of cuticle
at the tip of the nose. Incubating <i>Haemonchus</i> larvae in
extracted exsheathing fluids causes a refractile ring of
digested cuticle to form at the tip of the nose. When
<i>Haemonchus</i> cuticles are incubated with purified NAS-37,
a similar refractile ring forms. NAS-37 degradation of the
<i>Haemonchus</i> cuticle suggests that the metalloproteases and
the cuticle substrates involved in exsheathment of parasitic
nematodes are conserved in free-living nematodes
Cosmic D-Strings and Vortons in Supergravity
Recent developments in string inspired models of inflation suggest that
D-strings are formed at the end of inflation. Within the supergravity model of
D-strings there are 2(n-1) chiral fermion zero modes for a D-string of winding
n. Using the bounds on the relic vorton density, we show that D-strings with
winding number n>1 are more strongly constrained than cosmic strings arising in
cosmological phase transitions. The D-string tension of such vortons, if they
survive until the present, has to satisfy 8\pi G_N \mu \lesssim p 10^{-26}
where p is the intercommutation probability. Similarly, D-strings coupled with
spectator fermions carry currents and also need to respect the above bound.
D-strings with n=1 do not carry currents and evade the bound. We discuss the
coupling of D-strings to supersymmetry breaking. When a single U(1) gauge group
is present, we show that there is an incompatibility between spontaneous
supersymmetry breaking and cosmic D-strings. We propose an alternative
mechanism for supersymmetry breaking, which includes an additional U(1), and
might alleviate the problem. We conjecture what effect this would have on the
fermion zero modes.Comment: 11 page
Global Strings and the Aharonov-Bohm Effect
When a fermion interacts with a global vortex or cosmic string a solenoidal
"gauge" field is induced. This results in a non-trivial scattering
cross-section. For scalars and non-relativistic fermions the cross-section is
similar to that of Aharonov and Bohm, but with corrections. A cosmological
example is compared to one in liquid He-A and important differences are
discovered.Comment: 11 pages, DAMTP 93-5
Mass of a quantum 't Hooft-Polyakov monopole
The quantum mechanical mass of 't Hooft-Polyakov monopoles in the
four-dimensional Georgi-Glashow is calculated non-perturbatively using lattice
Monte Carlo simulations. This is done by imposing twisted boundary conditions
that ensure there is one unit of magnetic charge on the lattice, and measuring
the free energy difference between this ensemble and the vacuum. In the
weak-coupling limit, the results can be used to determine the quantum
correction to the classical mass, once renormalisation of couplings is taken
properly into account. The methods can also be used to study the masses at
strong coupling, i.e., near the critical point, where there are hints of a
possible electric-magnetic duality.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures. Typos corrected, one reference adde
Proposing the Communicate Bond Belong Theory: Evolutionary intersections with episodic interpersonal communication
The Communicate Bond Belong (CBB) Theory is an evolutionary and motivational explanation of human communicationâs role in the relational functions of social interaction. CBB Theory conceives of all social interactions as energy expending, but posits that only some social interactions are striving behaviors (i.e., actions taken to satiate a need). CBB Theory proposes that social interaction operates within a homeostatic system, developed from internal pressures to satiate a need to belong, shaped by competing desires to invest and conserve social energy, and adaptable to new social circumstances and technological affordances. The theory bridges gaps among evolutionary and social psychology theories and interpersonal communication theories by attending to the multifunctional nature of everyday talk in relation to fundamental human needs
Noise Pollution in the Operating Room
Introduction:
Noise pollution in the operating room (OR) poses a threat to both patients and providers. Sound levels often exceed recommended standards set forth by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The purpose of this project was to examine current evidence and implement education for student registered nurse anesthetists (SRNAs) regarding noise pollution in the OR. The education module emphasized the effect of increased noise levels on the delivery of an anesthetic, with a focus on resultant sequelae.
Methods:
A literature review produced 117 articles, of which thirty-five were included for analysis. Systematic reviews, randomized and non-randomized control trials, cohort studies, case studies, qualitative studies and expert opinion were all considered. A research based education module was delivered to SRNAs. A pre-test and post-test methodology was utilized to assess the efficacy of the education module for SRNAs.
Analysis of Results:
Results generated from the education module illustrate a knowledge deficient of student registered nurse anesthetists pertaining to noise reduction, cognitive demand, and attention allocation. Post-test scores (M=90%) for SRNAs who completed the education module were significantly greater than pre-test scores (M=60%). t(39)= 10.1, p = 1.88 x 10-12.
Recommendations for Practice:
Noise pollution is a complex, multifactorial problem. The physical, psychological and emotional effects of noise pollution are the inability to critically think, impaired team communication, chronic hearing loss, increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, and medical error. Emphasis placed on sustaining and integrating noise reduction education into curriculum schemas of nurse anesthesia programs is prudent. Educational content delivered to all anesthesia providers and the interdisciplinary care team in the operating room would be a comprehensive plan. Although several national initiatives are in place to reduce noise, it is imperative that knowledge is shared and interventions implemented to protect both provider and patient. Furthermore, there should be a collaboration amongst a variety of surgical specialties to continue research pertaining to the production of noise in the operating room.
Keywords: Anesthesia, Noise, Noise pollution, Operating room, Occupational safet
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First Measurements of Surface Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Signals in a Grounded Bipole
Surface nuclear magnetic resonance (surface NMR) soundings are geophysical techniques that offer direct detection of groundwater. Ordinary surface NMR soundings are achieved with a wire loop that acts as both transmitter and receiver. We extend the capability of the technique by using a grounded electrical bipole as the measurement sensor. We provide the first successful measurements of surface NMR signals taken with a grounded electrode pair on a beach outside Perth, Western Australia. Simple changes to existing equations are sufficient to provide forward models for the changes in measurement technique, and the resulting groundwater models are consistent with coincident loop soundings. Our result opens the field for novel sounding techniques of surface NMR signals that could have broad impact on near-surface groundwater investigations
Fermionic Zero Modes of Supergravity Cosmic Strings
Recent developments in string theory suggest that cosmic strings could be
formed at the end of brane inflation. Supergravity provides a realistic model
to study the properties of strings arising in brane inflation. Whilst the
properties of cosmic strings in flat space-time have been extensively studied
there are significant complications in the presence of gravity. We study the
effects of gravitation on cosmic strings arising in supergravity. Fermion zero
modes are a common feature of cosmic strings, and generically occur in
supersymmetric models. The corresponding massless currents can give rise to
stable string loops (vortons). The vorton density in our universe is strongly
constrained, allowing many theories with cosmic strings to be ruled out. We
investigate the existence of fermion zero modes on cosmic strings in
supergravity theories. A general index theorem for the number of zero modes is
derived. We show that by including the gravitino, some (but not all) zero modes
disappear. This weakens the constraints on cosmic string models. In particular,
winding number one cosmic D-strings in models of brane inflation are not
subject to vorton constraints. We also discuss the effects of supersymmetry
breaking on cosmic D-strings.Comment: 33 page
Constraints on holographic multifield inflation and models based on the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism
In holographic inflation, the 4D cosmological dynamics is postulated to be dual to the renormalization group flow of a 3D Euclidean conformal field theory with marginally relevant operators. The scalar potential of the 4D theoryâin which inflation is realizedâis highly constrained, with use of the HamiltonâJacobi equations. In multifield holographic realizations of inflation, fields additional to the inflaton cannot display underdamped oscillations (that is, their wave functions contain no oscillatory phases independent of the momenta). We show that this result is exact, independent of the number of fields, the field space geometry, and the shape of the inflationary trajectory followed in multifield space. In the specific case where the multifield trajectory is a straight line or confined to a plane, it can be understood as the existence of an upper bound on the dynamical masses m of extra fields of the form mâ€3H/2 up to slow roll corrections. This bound corresponds to the analytic continuation of the well-known BreitenlohnerâFreedman bound found in antiâde Sitter spacetimes in the case when the masses are approximately constant. The absence of underdamped oscillations implies that a detection of âcosmological colliderâ oscillatory patterns in the non-Gaussian bispectrum would not only rule out single-field inflation, but also holographic inflation or any inflationary model based on the HamiltonâJacobi equations. Hence, future observations have the potential to exclude, at once, an entire class of inflationary theories, regardless of the details involved in their model building.Article / Letter to editorLeiden Instituut Onderzoek NatuurkundeUniversity of Chil
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