Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Paleobasins – a new concept of modeling the history of geological development and oil and gas bearing of regions

“Paleobasin” is an area of long-term and steady subsidence of the Earth’s crust at a certain stage of geological development in the past, during which a body of sedimentary rocks of a mega-regional scale is formed, subsequently subjected to the influence of various kinds of geological processes leading to a reduction in its size, as well as changes in geometry and structure. Paleobasin is not a new concept. However, for petroleum, historical analysis was used only for those sedimentary strata that were not metamorphosed or collapsed into folds. As a result, the side zones of the basins and deep horizons were excluded from the basin modeling. The proposed approach to the analysis of paleobasins, regardless of the degree of their subsequent transformation, makes it possible to assess the petroleum potential of past eras, both primary and residual, especially in those zones and horizons that were previously derived from a general consideration of the prospects for finding oil and gas. The article shows the need for an integrated historical approach to the analysis of the oil and gas potential of the territory, both at the basin level and at the local level, including sedimentary strata and strata, which are often referred to as the “acoustic foundation”. Unfortunately, very often when modeling a promising object and assessing its resources or reserves, some of these attributes are taken for the type of work already done and do not adapt to a single model of oil and gas deposits, which reduces the reliability of the final result

Сonditions of sedimentation and paleogeographic zoning of the Bazhenov horizon (Tithon-Lower Berrias) in West Siberia

In the global Upper Jurassic-Neocomian (Oxford-Valanginian) black-shale interval, the Bazhenov Formation occupies only the Tithonian – Lower Berriasian. The main regional reasons for this localization were the tectonic regime, the morphology of the basin’s bottom and hydrodynamics. Under the conditions of sublatitudinal transtension southward of the active Priuralsko-Khatanga left shift on the western and eastern slopes of the basin, sharp increased the deflections that began in the Late Oxford. The central part of the West Siberian basin became isolated as a shallow (up to 100 m) hilled plateau, surrounded by deep (up to 500 m) troughs. Along the north-western Nadym-Karaminsky fault a zone of relative uplifts was formed, dividing the basin into two sub-basins – Ob and Pur-Taz. The Taz palaeodepression is limited to meridional downthrow, it served as a traprock for terrigenous material that was carried down from Siberian platform and Taimyrsky Island. Beginning from Tithonian, a large debrise cone of interbasin drainage flow was formed in the Taz trough. The dischange current followed the Kheta channel, filled the deep-water trough with cold arctic waters and pycnocline was formed in the basin. Contour currents were formed on the Purskoy stage, which is situated on the western slope of the shallow. The fluent of these currents and the upwelling from the Taz trough provided the nutrients to the surface. The high primary bioproductivity that resulted in the accumulation of black shales in the West Siberian basin is a result of genetically related sequence of environments and facies: the fluvial facies of the runoff stream of the Bukaty Formation – the fan of outflow of runoff currents of the Yanovstanskaya formation – mainly the biochemogenic Bazhenov formation of upwelling. Rapid immersion of the shallow hilled plateau in the Berriasian time led to stop the accumulation of black shales almost throughout all West Siberian basin, the bottom of which was now actively aerated by the stock flow. In the Berezovo-Tobolsk zone, which remained a shallow relic of the former underwater landscape, black shales of the Tutleem and Muliminsky formations continued to form

Conditions of formation and forecast of natural reservoirs in clinoform complex of the Lower Cretaceous of the Barents-Kara shelf

Unique Leningradsky and Rusanovsky gascondensate fields in the Barrem-Cenomanian layer are discovered in the Kara Sea. Non-industrial accumulations of oil and gas have been discovered in the Lower Cretaceous sediments of the western part of the Barents Sea shelf. However, the structure and oil and gas potential of the Lower Cretaceous sediments of the Barents-Kara shelf remain unexplored. Based on the seismic-stratigraphic and cyclostratigraphic analysis, a regional geological model of the Lower Cretaceous deposits of the Barents-Kara shelf was created, the distribution area and the main stages of the accumulation of clinoforms were identified. As a result of a detailed analysis of the morphology of clinoform bodies, paleogeographic conditions were restored in the Early Cretaceous and a forecast of the distribution of sandy reservoirs was give

Modeling of hydrocarbon generation by Domanic source rock of the Timan‑Pechora basin using different kinetics of kerogen decomposition

Domanic Upper Devonian deposits of the Timan-Pechora petroleum province are the subject of growing scientific and practical interest from the time of its discovery (late 19th century). And, despite the considerable knowledge database on Domanic organic matter have accumulated geochemists, it still requires more detailed study. This article presents the geochemical characteristics of organic matter of Timan-Pechora Domanic source rock using Rock Eval pyrolysis and the kinetic spectra of kerogen decomposition of sedimentary deposits from different parts of the Timan-Pechora basin. The variety of Domanic kinetics by deep strata and by area of the Timan-Pechora basin were analyzed. Dependence of kinetics from sedimentation conditions is shown. Four regional (sublatitudinal and submeridional) 2D basin models were created using of geochemical results. The results of petroleum basin modelling are performed. The sensitivity study of basin models to the kinetic spectrum change was made. It is shown that use of measured Domanic kinetics instead of published in software kinetics significantly affects basin modelling results. Were estimated the volume of generated by Domanic source rock hydrocarbons with use of different kinetics (published and measured). The difference in Domanic generation between these two scenarios is about 70 Bt of oil

Regional modeling of hydrocarbon systems of the Bazhenov formation in the West Siberian basin

The Bazhenov formation is a source of unconventional hydrocarbons and a complex object of study. Oil accumulations in the Bazhenov formation are not controlled by the structural factor. In this article, based on the results of basin modeling, the priority geological and geochemical parameters that affect the distribution of unconventional hydrocarbon accumulations in the sediments of the Bazhenov formation are identified. The article describes the initial geological, lithological, petrophysical, geochemical and thermal parameters necessary for the analysis of the hydrocarbon system of the Bazhenov formation. The paper presents the results of calculating a 2D model of a regional sublatitudinal profile of the West Siberian basin. The calibration of geological and thermal models based on the data on reservoir temperatures and pressures, as well as on the vitrinite reflectance (Ro) and Tmax pyrolysis is illustrated. The analysis of the sensitivity of the model to changes in the kinetic spectrum of kerogen destruction of the Bazhenov formation has been carried out. Criteria for localization of the most promising areas of the Bazhenov shale formation are proposed. On the basis of the work done, it was shown that the basin modeling tool in combination with the results of geological and geochemical studies allows us to distinguish promising areas within bituminous formations. The key parameters are maturity of organic matter, the amount of generation and adsorption of hydrocarbons, as well as overpressure zones

Domanic deposits of the Volga-Ural basin – types of section, formation conditions and prospects of oil and gas potential

The Domanic deposits of the Volga-Ural oil and gas basin are a high-carbon thin-bedded formation capable of both producing hydrocarbons with its own oil and gas bearing strata and concentrating them in separate reservoirs and zones (Stoupakova et al., 2015). Formation of the Domanic deposits occurred in a relatively deep basin, during the filling of which a variety of sedimentation environments arose from relatively deep sea to shallow-marine. The peculiarity of the formation conditions of high-carbon strata is the increased content of organic matter, carbonate material and free silica, the source of which could be hydrotherms or volcanogenic products, creating a special gas regime of the Earth’s atmosphere in the late Devonian. Evaluation of the generation potential of the Domanic formation showed that siliceous-carbonate and carbonate-siliceous rocks enriched with marine algal organic matter have a high potential. The greatest prospects of oil bearing are the deflections formed on the site of the avlakogen and their slopes, where deposits, rich in organic matter, were formed practically throughout the late Devonian-Tournaisian. High prospects have slopes of uplifts or sides of reef bodies. Such incisions are distributed on the sides of troughs of uncompensated immersion and the lower parts of uplift slopes adjacent to them. In the domanonicoid deposits, in which the carbonate material predominates, the high-carbon intervals developed along the biohermic structures

The structure of interstitial lung diseases in children of the first two years of life

For the first time in Russia, the article provides data on interstitial lung diseases structure in children of the first two years of life, based on a series of observations of 68 patients with these rare diseases, as a part of multi-center ambispective study. Interstitial lung diseases in observed children included: Wilson-Mikity syndrome (23,4%), neuroendocrine hyperplasia of infancy (22%), bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (7,4%), primary pulmonary hypoplasia (1,5%), secondary pulmonary hypoplasia with Jeune syndrome (10,3%), secondary pulmonary hypoplasia with Edwards syndrome (2,9%), secondary pulmonary hypoplasia with other associated pathology (omphalocele - 1,5%, non-immune fetal hydrops - 1,5%), subpleural cysts in patients with Down syndrome (5,9%), congenital deficiency of surfactant protein B (1,5%), brain-lung- thyroid syndrome (2,9%), congenital alveolar-capillary dysplasia (1,5%), interstitial lung diseases with systemic diseases (Langerhans cell histiocytosis - 16,2%, Niemann-Pick disease - 1,5%). The article summarizes clinical features, the results of image diagnosis and disease outcomes. © 2015, Pediatria Ltd. All rights reserved

The structure of interstitial lung diseases in children of the first two years of life

For the first time in Russia, the article provides data on interstitial lung diseases structure in children of the first two years of life, based on a series of observations of 68 patients with these rare diseases, as a part of multi-center ambispective study. Interstitial lung diseases in observed children included: Wilson-Mikity syndrome (23,4%), neuroendocrine hyperplasia of infancy (22%), bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (7,4%), primary pulmonary hypoplasia (1,5%), secondary pulmonary hypoplasia with Jeune syndrome (10,3%), secondary pulmonary hypoplasia with Edwards syndrome (2,9%), secondary pulmonary hypoplasia with other associated pathology (omphalocele - 1,5%, non-immune fetal hydrops - 1,5%), subpleural cysts in patients with Down syndrome (5,9%), congenital deficiency of surfactant protein B (1,5%), brain-lung- thyroid syndrome (2,9%), congenital alveolar-capillary dysplasia (1,5%), interstitial lung diseases with systemic diseases (Langerhans cell histiocytosis - 16,2%, Niemann-Pick disease - 1,5%). The article summarizes clinical features, the results of image diagnosis and disease outcomes. © 2015, Pediatria Ltd. All rights reserved