Para a questão de avaliar a credibilidade da empresa por bancos comerciais russos

Credit in the economy plays a double role, since it is a source of development for organizations (acquisition of fixed assets, modernization and reconstruction of production, launching of new projects, as well as the replacement of working capital) and an instrument for the generation of income for the bank and, in general, its main activity. To analyze the differences in the industry, we selected 30 companies. On the basis of its financial statements, we calculate the liquidity indices, the profitability of sales and the turnover of accounts payable and accounts receivable. The results showed that the reliability and financial stability of the clients reduce the bank risks, help the bank to obtain a higher income. It is considered that the bank deals not only with high-level customers: there are also customers among them who experience financial difficulties due to inadequate production organization, poor market research or poorly chosen strategy. The ability to correctly identify the client's capabilities, recognize their strengths and weaknesses is an important task for credit institutions. Therefore, these analytical indicators allow to objectively evaluate the creditworthiness of the borrower. However, in addition to the analysis of the financial ratios, it is necessary to evaluate the quality parameters, that is, analyze the client's credit history, the period of his service in the bank, the quality of the administration, his dependence on the suppliers and customers, and credit security.El crédito en la economía desempeña un doble papel, ya que es una fuente de desarrollo para las organizaciones (adquisición de activos fijos, modernización y reconstrucción de la producción, lanzamiento de nuevos proyectos, así como la reposición del capital de trabajo) y un instrumento para la generación de ingresos para el banco y, en general, su actividad principal. Para analizar las diferencias de la industria, seleccionamos 30 empresas. Sobre la base de sus estados contables (financieros), calculamos los índices de liquidez, la rentabilidad de las ventas y el volumen de negocios de las cuentas por pagar y las cuentas por cobrar. Los resultados demostraron que la confiabilidad y la estabilidad financiera de los clientes reducen los riesgos bancarios, ayudan al banco a obtener un ingreso más alto. Se considera que el banco trata no solo con los clientes de alto nivel: también hay clientes entre ellos que experimentan dificultades financieras debido a una producción inadecuada organización, pobre investigación de mercado o una estrategia mal elegida. La capacidad de identificar correctamente las capacidades del cliente, reconocer sus fortalezas y debilidades es una tarea importante para las instituciones de crédito. Por lo tanto, estos indicadores analíticos permiten evaluar objetivamente la solvencia crediticia del prestatario. Sin embargo, además del análisis de los ratios financieros, es necesario evaluar los parámetros de calidad, es decir, analizar el historial crediticio del cliente, elperíodo de su servicio en el banco, la calidad de la administración, su dependencia de los proveedores y clientes, y seguridad crediticia.O crédito na economia desempenha um papel duplo, uma vez que é uma fonte de desenvolvimento para as organizações (aquisição de ativos fixos, modernização e reconstrução da produção, lançamento de novos projetos, bem como a substituição do capital de giro) e um instrumento para a geração de renda para o banco e, em geral, sua principal atividade. Para analisar as diferenças na indústria, selecionamos 30 empresas. Com base em suas demonstrações financeiras, calculamos os índices de liquidez, a rentabilidade das vendas e o giro das contas a pagar e contas a receber. Os resultados mostraram que a confiabilidade e a estabilidade financeira dos clientes reduzem os riscos bancários, ajudando o banco a obter uma receita maior. Considera-se que o banco lida não apenas com clientes de alto nível: há também clientes entre eles que enfrentam dificuldades financeiras devido à organização inadequada da produção, pesquisa de mercado deficiente ou estratégia mal escolhida. A capacidade de identificar corretamente as capacidades do cliente, reconhecer seus pontos fortes e fracos é uma tarefa importante para as instituições de crédito. Portanto, esses indicadores analíticos permitem avaliar objetivamente a qualidade de crédito do tomador de empréstimo. No entanto, além da análise dos índices financeiros, é necessário avaliar os parâmetros de qualidade, ou seja, analisar o histórico de crédito do cliente, o período de seu atendimento no banco, a qualidade da administração, sua dependência dos fornecedores e clientes e segurança de crédito

The use of digital technologies in education: the case of physics learning

The article reveals the trends in the use of digital technologies in teaching physics by summarizing scientific results over the past 20 years. To solve the problem, a bibliographic analysis of the sources of the scientometric database of the WOS was used with the involvement of the computer tool VOSviewer (for the construction and visualization of bibliographic data) as of June 2023. The tool was used to analyse publications by keywords (a network of connections is built on the basis of all keywords of given publications). Networks of connections of keywords were built according to the queries: “physics learning”, “physics education”, “physics teaching” and “technologies”, as well as “digital technologies in teaching physics”, “physics application”, “mobile physics learning”, “virtual physics laboratory”, “digital physics laboratory”, “virtual reality & physics”, “augmented reality & physics”. The situation of the use of digital technologies in teaching physics is characterized by four aspects (general, technological, educational motivational, and educational-organizational). Modern trends in teaching physics are singled out: the use of environments where simulation, modelling, visualization, virtualization of physical processes, etc. are possible. The increasing popularity of virtual, augmented, and mixed reality tools; use of mobile applications for learning physics; using artificial intelligence to teach physics; organization of an educational environment based on mobile or online learning, where active learning methods are determined to be appropriate. The importance of developing young people’s intellectual skills (computational skills, algorithmic thinking skills, modelling processes, etc.) and visual thinking for the successful mastery of various sections of physics has been confirmed. The demand for integration links between natural sciences, mathematics, engineering, and digital technologies for STEM education has been monitored. Recommendations for the training of physics teachers have been formulated

Economic subjectivity of participants of network interaction of organizations SPO – potential development of the territory of the small city

Статья посвящена особенностям развития экономического потенциала сетевого взаимодействия организаций СПО.The article is devoted to features of development of economic potential of network interaction between organizations of SPO in terms of territory the small city

Экспериментальные и численные исследования диаграмм обратного рассеяния блоков маскирующих цифровых двухбитных метапокрытий

Introduction. The scattering patterns of non-absorbing coded checkerboard-like meta-coatings (MCs) applied for reducing the radar cross section (RCS) of metal surfaces inevitably contain side diffraction lobes. Therefore, the development of MCs with a low level of diffraction lobes is relevant. For this purpose, it is proposed to use checkerboard-like MCs in the form of a set of several basic flat blocks with the same dimensions. The paper discusses two such basic MC blocks with different coding matrices. The cells of the metasurface contain two coupled elliptical ring resonators and are distinguished by a 2-bit coding of the tilt angle of the anisotropy axis. Coding matrices of the MC blocks are built according to the block principle.Aim. To investigate experimentally and numerically backscatter patterns (BSP) for consonant (co-) and orthogonal (cross-) polarizations of the two developed flat blocks of the 2-bit digital nonabsorbing anisotropic MCs for different planes and polarizations of irradiation.Materials and methods. Full-wave simulation of the MC blocks was carried out using the HFSS software by the finite element method. BSP measurements of the fabricated MC layouts were performed in an anechoic chamber of the Center for Collective Usage “Applied Electrodynamics and Antenna Measurements” of the Southern Federal University using an automated information and computing complex.Results. The RCS reduction for the two blocks under normal irradiation is approximately the same and not less than 12 dB over the 9.8…21 GHz band. A good matching between the simulation and measurement results of backscattering patterns of the blocks in the region of the central lobes for various planes and polarizations of the irradiation is noted. In the principal planes, the blocks cancel the central lobes of the BSP by 10…25 dB; in the sector of angles of around ±40°, the backward RCS of the blocks is lower than that of the reference. In the diagonal planes, there is a cancellation of the RCS by 13…15 dB and an expansion of the central lobe of the BSP for copolarizations, as well as a bifurcation of this lobe for crosspolarizations in the sector of angles ±9°; outside of this sector the RCSs of the blocks are commensurate with the RCS of the reference.Conclusion. The developed blocks of the 2-bit digital nonabsorbing anisotropic MCs can be used for broadband cancellation of the RCS of metal surfaces.Введение. Диаграммы рассеяния непоглощающих кодированных шахматно-подобных метапокрытий (МП) для снижения эффективной площади рассеяния (ЭПР) металлических поверхностей объектов неизбежно содержат боковые дифракционные лепестки. В связи с этим актуальна разработка МП с низким уровнем дифракционных лепестков. С этой целью предложено использовать шахматно-подобные МП в виде набора нескольких основных плоских блоков с одинаковыми размерами. В статье рассмотрены 2 таких основных блока МП с разными матрицами кодирования. Ячейки метаповерхности содержат связанные эллиптические кольцевые резонаторы и отличаются двухбитным кодированием угла наклона оси анизотропии. Матрицы кодирования блоков МП построены по блочному принципу.Цель работы. Экспериментально и численно исследовать диаграммы обратного рассеяния (ДОР) на согласованной (ко-) и ортогональной (кросс-) поляризациях двух разработанных плоских блоков двухбитных цифровых непоглощающих анизотропных МП для различных плоскостей и поляризаций облучения.Материалы и методы. Полноволновое моделирование блоков МП выполнено в программе HFSS методом конечных элементов. Измерения ДОР изготовленных макетов МП проведены на автоматизированном информационно-вычислительном комплексе АИВК-ТМСА-1.0-40.0-ДБ3/TD,FD в безэховой камере ЦКП "Прикладная электродинамика и антенные измерения" Южного федерального университета.Результаты. Снижение моностатических ЭПР двух блоков при нормальном облучении примерно одинаково и составляет не менее 12 дБ в полосе от 9.8 до 21 ГГц. Отмечено хорошее совпадение результатов полноволнового моделирования и измерения ДОР блоков разработанных метапокрытий в области центральных лепестков для различных плоскостей и поляризаций облучения. В главных плоскостях блоки гасят центральные лепестки ДОР на 10…25 дБ; в секторе углов около ±40° обратная ЭПР блоков ниже, чем у эталона. В диагональных плоскостях наблюдается гашение ЭПР на 13…15 дБ и расширение центрального лепестка ДОР на кополяризациях, а также раздвоение этого лепестка на кроссполяризациях в секторе углов ±9°. Вне этого сектора ЭПР блоков соизмерима с ЭПР эталона.Заключение. Разработанные блоки двухбитных цифровых непоглощающих анизотропных МП могут применяться для широкополосного гашения ЭПР металлических поверхностей

Исследование по возделыванию трититригии в полузасушливой зоне

Over the course of several years of meticulous selection, The Tsitsin Main Moscow Botanical Garden of Academy of Sciences, successfully cultivated a novel trititrigia crop, characterized as a hybrid between wheat and couch grass. The intrinsic potential of this crop, as highlighted by the authors, instigated a keen interest in its investigation. (Research purpose) To conduct research on the cultivation of trititrigia Pamyati Lyubimovoy (In Memory of Lyubimova) in the semi-arid southern zone of the Rostov region. (Materials and methods) Trititrigia was cultivated on typical chernozem soil with carbonate content, characterized by heavy loamy texture, in conditions of insufficient and unstable moisture, following the zonal technology for cultivating winter wheat. The main pre-sowing tillage was performed using a shallow method by a combined KUM-4 unit. For seed sowing, the «Demetra» selective seeder was used. Throughout the trials from October 2020 to August 2022, meteorological conditions were taken into account, including precipitation levels and air temperature. Using two crops as examples, the biometric data of trititrigia plants, yield structure elements, combine yield and drought resistance were studied. (Results and discussion) It is determined that trititrigia Pamyati Lyubimovoy (In Memory of Lyubimova) aligns with the declared parameters in terms of plant height, ear length, and duration of the vegetative period. The plant development type of trititrigia is identical to winter wheat. (Conclusions) It is established that trititrigia Pamyati Lyubimovoy (In Memory of Lyubimobva) shows low resistance to drought within a semi-arid climate. Additionally, the straw yield surpasses the grain yield by a factor of four, while the weight of 1000 grains is low at 23.58 grams. Moreover, the combine yield (3.80 tons per hectares) falls short compared to the winter wheat variety Stanichnaya (5.09 tons per hectares). Further investigations into trititrigia within a semi-arid climate are considered necessary to determine its cultivation feasibility.В Главном ботаническом саду им. Н.В. Цицина Российской академии наук путем многолетней селекции была выведена новая культура трититригия, представляющая собой пшенично-пырейный гибрид. Анонсированный авторами потенциал данной культуры послужил мотивацией к ее изучению. (Цель исследования) Провести исследования по возделыванию трититригии сорта Памяти Любимовой в полузасушливой южной зоне Ростовской области. (Материалы и методы) Трититригию выращивали на черноземе обыкновенном карбонатном тяжелосуглинистом в условиях недостаточного и неустойчивого увлажнения в соответствии с зональной технологией возделывания озимой пшеницы. Основную обработку почвы до предпосевного состояния проводили мелким способом с применением комбинированного агрегата КУМ-4. Для посева семян использовали селекционную сеялку «Деметра». В ходе испытаний с октября 2020 по август 2022 года учитывали метеорологические условия: количество осадков и температуру воздуха. На примере двух посевов изучали биометрические данные растений трититригии, элементы структуры урожая, комбайновую урожайность и засухоустойчивость. (Результаты и обсуждение) Определили, что трититригия Памяти Любимовой по высоте растения, длине колоса, продолжительности вегетационного периода соответствует заявленным оригинаторами сорта параметрам. Тип развития растений трититригии идентичен озимой пшенице. (Выводы) Определили, что культура трититригии Памяти Любимовой проявляет низкую устойчивость к засухе в полузасушливым климате, урожай соломы превышает урожай зерна в 4 раза, масса 1000 зерен низкая – 23,58 грамма комбайновая урожайность (3,80 тонны на гектар) ниже чем озимой пшеницы сорта Станичная (5,09 тонны на гектар). Отметили необходимость дальнейших исследований трититригии в полузасушливом климате для выявления целесообразности ее возделывания

Data from an International Multi-Centre Study of Statistics and Mathematics Anxieties and Related Variables in University Students (the SMARVUS Dataset)

This large, international dataset contains survey responses from N = 12,570 students from 100 universities in 35 countries, collected in 21 languages. We measured anxieties (statistics, mathematics, test, trait, social interaction, performance, creativity, intolerance of uncertainty, and fear of negative evaluation), self-efficacy, persistence, and the cognitive reflection test, and collected demographics, previous mathematics grades, self-reported and official statistics grades, and statistics module details. Data reuse potential is broad, including testing links between anxieties and statistics/mathematics education factors, and examining instruments’ psychometric properties across different languages and contexts. Data and metadata are stored on the Open Science Framework website [https://osf.io/mhg94/]

Data from an International Multi-Centre Study of Statistics and Mathematics Anxieties and Related Variables in University Students (the SMARVUS Dataset)

This large, international dataset contains survey responses from N = 12,570 students from 100 universities in 35 countries, collected in 21 languages. We measured anxieties (statistics, mathematics, test, trait, social interaction, performance, creativity, intolerance of uncertainty, and fear of negative evaluation), self-efficacy, persistence, and the cognitive reflection test, and collected demographics, previous mathematics grades, self-reported and official statistics grades, and statistics module details. Data reuse potential is broad, including testing links between anxieties and statistics/mathematics education factors, and examining instruments’ psychometric properties across different languages and contexts. Data and metadata are stored on the Open Science Framework website (https://osf.io/mhg94/).</p&gt

Data from an International Multi-Centre Study of Statistics and Mathematics Anxieties and Related Variables in University Students (the SMARVUS Dataset)

This large, international dataset contains survey responses from N = 12,570 students from 100 universities in 35 countries, collected in 21 languages. We measured anxieties (statistics, mathematics, test, trait, social interaction, performance, creativity, intolerance of uncertainty, and fear of negative evaluation), self-efficacy, persistence, and the cognitive reflection test, and collected demographics, previous mathematics grades, self-reported and official statistics grades, and statistics module details. Data reuse potential is broad, including testing links between anxieties and statistics/mathematics education factors, and examining instruments’ psychometric properties across different languages and contexts

Professional Readiness of Teachers to Use Computer Visualization Tools: A Crucial Drive

The training of teachers involves the formation of skills which are meant to be used in their future professional activities. Given the exponential increase in information content, there is a need to look into the levels and components of the professional readiness of teachers to use computer visualization tools. This article describes the four levels of teachers’ readiness [passive, basic, conscious, active] to use computer visualization tools. These levels are based on the proposed components of teachers’ readiness [motivational, cognitive, technological, reflexive] to use these tools