Canonical analysis based on scatter matrices.

In this paper, the influence functions and limiting distributions of the canonical correlations and coefficients based on affine equivariant scatter matrices are developed for elliptically symmetric distributions. General formulas for limiting variances and covariances of the canonical correlations and canonical vectors based on scatter matrices are obtained. Also the use of the so called shape matrices in canonical analysis is investigated. The scatter and shape matrices based on the affine equivariant Sign Covariance Matrix as well as the Tyler's shape matrix are considered in more detail. Their finite sample and limiting efficiencies are compared to those of the Minimum Covariance Determinant estimator and S-estimates through theoretical and simulation studies. The theory is illustrated by an example.Canonical correlations; Canonical variables; Canonical vectors; Covariance; Covariance determinant estimator; Determinant estimator; Distribution; Efficiency; Estimator; Functions; Influence function; Matrix; Scatter; Shape matrix; Sign covariance mix; Simulation; Studies; Theory; Tyler's estimate;

AR Tennis

Modern mobile phones combine a display and processing power with a camera, and so are ideal platforms for augmented reality (AR), the overlay of computer graphics on the real world. Henrysson [2] has ported the popular ARToolKit [1] computer vision library to the Symbian operating system which allows developers to build AR applications that run on a mobile phone

Factors Affecting the Corporate Decision-Making Process of Air Transport Manufacturers

Fuel economy is a pivotal question influencing the future sale and utilization of commercial aircraft. The NASA Aircraft Energy Efficiency (ACEE) Program Office has a program intended to accelerate the readiness of advanced technologies for energy efficient aircraft. Because the decision to develop a new airframe or engine is a major financial hazard for manufacturers, it is important to know what factors influence the decision making process. A method is described for identifying and ranking individuals and organizations involved at each stage of commercial air transport development, and the barriers that must be overcome in adopting new technologies

Vesilain mukaisten poikkeamislupien hakeminen

Vesilain mukaisten poikkeamislupien hakemisessa on yleensä kova kiire. Kun lisäksi poikkeamisluvan hakemisen tarpeesta on alueellisissa ympäristökeskuksissa saattanut kulua jo useita vuosia ja hakemuksia tekevät henkilöt saattaneet vaihtua, on tämän oppaan tarkoituksena antaa yksityiskohtaisia ohjeita poikkeamislupien hakemusten valmistelusta ja sisällöstä.Oppaassa luodaan aluksi katsaus vesilakiin sisältyvien poikkeamislupaehtojen kehittymiseen sekä esitetään, mitä vesilain mukaisia edellytyksiä hakemuksen tulee täyttää. On hyvin mahdollista, että alueellinen ympäristökeskus toimii poikkeamisluvan hakijana myös sellaisissa säännöstelyluvissa, joiden luvanhaltijana on muu kuin valtio. Siksi alueellisella ympäristökeskuksella tulisi olla kaikki poikkeamisluvan hakemista varten tarpeelliset tiedot myös tällaisista tapauksista. Sen tulisi myös riittävän aikaisin ennen tilanteen kärjistymistä käydä neuvotteluja luvanhaltijan kanssa siitä, kumpi taho toimii luvan hakijana, jotta luvan hakeminen ei turhaan viivästy.Oppaassa käydään läpi poikkeamisluvan hakemuksen sisällön kannalta keskeisiä seikkoja ja esitetään niissä esiin tuotavia asioita sekä malleja ja toimintatapoja, joilla kulloisenkin vesitilanteen poikkeavuutta ja vaikutuksia voidaan analysoida. Opas sisältää myös lupahakemusta sekä sen jälkeisiä toimenpiteitä, kuten toteuttamista, lopettamista ja jälkiraportointia, koskevia malleja ja esimerkkejä.Oppaan tarkoituksena on antaa ohjeita poikkeamislupien hakemisvalmiuden ylläpitämiseen ja parantamiseen. Siinä onkin esitetty keskeisimmät  toimenpiteet, jotka alueellisessa ympäristökeskuksessa tulisi tehdä poikkeamistilanteisiin varautumiseksi. Oppaan tarkoituksena on toimia myös eräänlaisena muistilistana poikkeuksellisia vesitilanteita ja niihin varautumista varten

Canonical analysis based on scatter matrices.

In this paper, the influence functions and limiting distributions of the canonical correlations and coefficients based on affine equivariant scatter matrices are developed for elliptically symmetric distributions. General formulas for limiting variances and covariances of the canonical correlations and canonical vectors based on scatter matrices are obtained. Also the use of the so-called shape matrices in canonical analysis is investigated. The scatter and shape matrices based on the affine equivariant Sign Covariance Matrix as well as the Tyler's shape matrix serve as examples. Their finite sample and limiting efficiencies are compared to those of the Minimum Covariance Determinant estimators and S-estimator through theoretical and simulation studies. The theory is illustrated by an example.Canonical correlations; Canonical variables; Canonical vectors; Covariance; Covariance determinant estimator; Determinant estimator; Distribution; Efficiency; Estimator; Functions; Influence function; Matrix; Principal components; Scatter; Shape matrix; Sign; Sign covariance mix; Simulation; Studies; Theory; Tyler's estimate; Variance;

Apatites in Gale Crater

ChemCam is an active remote sensing instrument suite that has operated successfully on MSL since landing Aug. 6th, 2012. It uses laser pulses to remove dust and to analyze rocks up to 7 m away. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) obtains emission spectra of materials ablated from the samples in electronically excited states. The intensities of the emission lines scale with the abundances of the related element. ChemCam is sensitive to most major rock-forming elements as well as to a set of minor and trace elements such as F, Cl, Li, P, Sr, Ba, and Rb. The measured chemical composition can then be used to infer the mineralogical composition of the ablated material. Here, we report a summary of inferred apatite detections along the MSL traverse at Gale Crater. We present the geologic settings of these findings and derive some interpretations about the formation conditions of apatite in time and space

Role of microstructure and surface defects on the dissolution kinetics of CeO2, a UO2 fuel analogue.

The release of radionuclides from spent fuel in a geological disposal facility is controlled by the surface mediated dissolution of UO2 in groundwater. In this study we investigate the influence of reactive surface sites on the dissolution of a synthesised CeO2 analogue for UO2 fuel. Dissolution was performed on: CeO2 annealed at high temperature, which eliminated intrinsic surface defects (point defects and dislocations); CeO2-x annealed in inert and reducing atmospheres to induce oxygen vacancy defects; and on crushed CeO2 particles of different size fractions. BET surface area measurements were used as an indicator of reactive surface site concentration. Cerium stoichiometry, determined using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and supported by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, was used to determine oxygen vacancy concentration. Upon dissolution in nitric acid medium at 90°C, a quantifiable relationship was established between the concentration of high energy surface sites and CeO2 dissolution rate; the greater the proportion of intrinsic defects and oxygen vacancies, the higher the dissolution rate. Dissolution of oxygen vacancy-containing CeO2-x gave rise to rates that were an order of magnitude greater than for CeO2 with fewer oxygen vacancies. While enhanced solubility of Ce3+ influenced the dissolution, it was shown that replacement of vacancy sites by oxygen significantly affected the dissolution mechanism due to changes in the lattice volume and strain upon dissolution and concurrent grain boundary decohesion. These results highlight the significant influence of defect sites and grain boundaries on the dissolution kinetics of UO2 fuel analogues and reduce uncertainty in the long-term performance of spent fuel in geological disposal