Running Scaling Dimensions in Holographic Renormalization Group Flows

Holographic renormalization group flows can be interpreted in terms of effective field theory. Based on such an interpretation, a formula for the running scaling dimensions of gauge-invariant operators along such flows is proposed. The formula is checked for some simple examples from the AdS/CFT correspondence, but can be applied also in non-AdS/non-CFT cases.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figure

Multitrace deformations, Gamow states, and Stability of AdS/CFT

We analyze the effect of multitrace deformations in conformal field theories at leading order in a large N approximation. These theories admit a description in terms of a weakly coupled gravity dual. We show how the deformations can be mapped into boundary terms of the gravity theory and how to reproduce the RG equations found in field theory. In the case of doubletrace deformations, and for bulk scalars with masses in the range $-d^2/4<m^2<-d^2/4+1$, the deformed theory flows between two fixed points of the renormalization group, manifesting a resonant behavior at the scale characterizing the transition between the two CFT's. On the gravity side the resonance is mapped into an IR non-normalizable mode (Gamow state) whose overlap with the UV region increases as the dual operator approaches the free field limit. We argue that this resonant behavior is a generic property of large N theories in the conformal window, and associate it to a remnant of the Nambu-Goldstone mode of dilatation invariance. We emphasize the role of nonminimal couplings to gravity and establish a stability theorem for scalar/gravity systems with AdS boundary conditions in the presence of arbitrary boundary potentials and nonminimal coupling.Comment: 14 pages, references added, introduction change

First measurements of oblique ECE with a real-time moveable line-of-sight on TCV

Electron cyclotron (EC) emission (ECE) radiometers viewing perpendicular to the magnetic field are common on nearly all tokamaks for measuring the electron temperature with good spatio-temporal resolution. Two such radiometers are installed on TCV, one looking from the low field side (LFS) and the other from the high field side (HFS). The HFS radiometer is especially sensitive to non-Maxwellian emission in the presence of the strong EC current drive (ECCD) provided by the 3-MW second-harmonic (X2) EC system as the nonthermal radiation is not reabsorbed by the bulk when passing to the receiver. Simultaneous HFS and LFS measurements allow higher-order modeling of the electron distribution function as more constraints are provided by the dual measurements; however, the asymmetric nature of the electron distribution function required for ECCD to occur is not directly put in evidence by these lines of sight. Oblique ECE measurements of an asymmetric nonthermal electron distribution, on the other hand, are expected to also be asymmetric and can provide important information on the current-carrying features of the nonthermal population. A dedicated receiving antenna has been installed allowing real-time swept oblique ECE on TCV in both the co- and counter-looking directions. Proof-of-principle experiments are described in which Doppler-shifted emission is measured

Conformal field theories in anti-de Sitter space

In this paper we discuss the dynamics of conformal field theories on anti-de Sitter space, focussing on the special case of the N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on AdS_4. We argue that the choice of boundary conditions, in particular for the gauge field, has a large effect on the dynamics. For example, for weak coupling, one of two natural choices of boundary conditions for the gauge field leads to a large N deconfinement phase transition as a function of the temperature, while the other does not. For boundary conditions that preserve supersymmetry, the strong coupling dynamics can be analyzed using S-duality (relevant for g_{YM} >> 1), utilizing results of Gaiotto and Witten, as well as by using the AdS/CFT correspondence (relevant for large N and large 't Hooft coupling). We argue that some very specific choices of boundary conditions lead to a simple dual gravitational description for this theory, while for most choices the gravitational dual is not known. In the cases where the gravitational dual is known, we discuss the phase structure at large 't Hooft coupling.Comment: 57 pages, 1 figure. v2: fixed typo

Purified and specific cytoplasmic pollen extract: a non-hormonal alternative for the treatment of menopausal symptoms

Research into non-hormonal, alternative therapies is necessary for women for whom menopausal hormone therapy is contraindicated or for women who do not wish to take hormones. This review focuses on one such non-hormonal option, namely, purified and specific cytoplasmic pollen extract, or PureCyTonin (R). This extract has been evaluated in several preclinical and clinical studies, where it demonstrated its value as a safe and non-estrogenic alternative for menopause. This review presents the beneficial effects of PureCyTonin (R) in the treatment of menopausal symptoms (e.g. hot flushes) in healthy women, as well as in premenstrual syndrome. We discuss the mechanism of action of PureCyTonin (R), an SSRI-'like' therapy. The lack of estrogenic effect demonstrated in preclinical studies suggests that PureCyTonin (R) may also be a suitable option for the management of menopausal symptoms in women with breast cancer

Rigidly Supersymmetric Gauge Theories on Curved Superspace

In this note we construct rigidly supersymmetric gauged sigma models and gauge theories on certain Einstein four-manifolds, and discuss constraints on these theories. In work elsewhere, it was recently shown that on some nontrivial Einstein four-manifolds such as AdS$_4$, N=1 rigidly supersymmetric sigma models are constrained to have target spaces with exact K\"ahler forms. Similarly, in gauged sigma models and gauge theories, we find that supersymmetry imposes constraints on Fayet-Iliopoulos parameters, which have the effect of enforcing that K\"ahler forms on quotient spaces be exact. We also discuss general aspects of universality classes of gauged sigma models, as encoded by stacks, and also discuss affine bundle structures implicit in these constructions.Comment: 23 pages; references added; more discussion added; v4: typos fixe

Kerr/CFT, dipole theories and nonrelativistic CFTs

We study solutions of type IIB supergravity which are SL(2,R) x SU(2) x U(1)^2 invariant deformations of AdS_3 x S^3 x K3 and take the form of products of self-dual spacelike warped AdS_3 and a deformed three-sphere. One of these backgrounds has been recently argued to be relevant for a derivation of Kerr/CFT from string theory, whereas the remaining ones are holographic duals of two-dimensional dipole theories and their S-duals. We show that each of these backgrounds is holographically dual to a deformation of the DLCQ of the D1-D5 CFT by a specific supersymmetric (1,2) operator, which we write down explicitly in terms of twist operators at the free orbifold point. The deforming operator is argued to be exactly marginal with respect to the zero-dimensional nonrelativistic conformal (or Schroedinger) group - which is simply SL(2,R)_L x U(1)_R. Moreover, in the supergravity limit of large N and strong coupling, no other single-trace operators are turned on. We thus propose that the field theory duals to the backgrounds of interest are nonrelativistic CFTs defined by adding the single Schroedinger-invariant (1,2) operator mentioned above to the original CFT action. Our analysis indicates that the rotating extremal black holes we study are best thought of as finite right-moving temperature (non-supersymmetric) states in the above-defined supersymmetric nonrelativistic CFT and hints towards a more general connection between Kerr/CFT and two-dimensional non-relativistic CFTs.Comment: 48+8 pages, 4 figures; minor corrections and references adde

Holographic and Wilsonian Renormalization Groups

We develop parallels between the holographic renormalization group in the bulk and the Wilsonian renormalization group in the dual field theory. Our philosophy differs from most previous work on the holographic RG; the most notable feature is the key role of multi-trace operators. We work out the forms of various single- and double-trace flows. The key question, `what cutoff on the field theory corresponds to a radial cutoff in the bulk?' is left unanswered, but by sharpening the analogy between the two sides we identify possible directions.Comment: 31 pages, 3 figures. v2: Minor clarifications. Added reference

Mesons and baryons in a soft-wall holographic approach

We discuss a holographic soft-wall model developed for the description of mesons and baryons with adjustable quantum numbers n, J, L, S. This approach is based on an action which describes hadrons with broken conformal invariance and which incorporates confinement through the presence of a background dilaton field.Comment: 6 pages, Presented by Valery E. Lyubovitskij at LIGHTCONE 2011, 23 - 27 May, 2011, Dalla