Hellenistic Gymnasia in the Heart of Athens: Change and Continuity

Während die alten Gymnasia (Akademie, Lykaion, Kynosarges) außerhalb der Stadtmauern Athens lagen, wurden kurz nach 229 v. Chr. zwei neue Gymnasia im Zentrum der Stadt errichtet: das Diogeneion und das Ptolemaion. In diesem Beitrag werden die Geschichte, Architektur und Funktion dieser beiden Gymnasia untersucht, auf Basis einer systematischen Analyse aller relevanten literarischen, epigraphischen und archäologischen Quellen. Die Komplexe waren wichtig für das Stadtbild, weil sie dem chaotischen, altmodischen Zentrum einen Hauch von Modernität verliehen. Ihre exakte Lage bleibt zwar umstritten, aber sie waren topographisch und ideologisch fest mit dem alten Stadtzentrum verbunden und dienten als Zentren für die Ausbildung der Epheben in der gesamten hellenistischen und römischen Zeit

Search for the electric dipole excitations to the 3s1/2⊗[21+⊗31−]3s_{1/2} \otimes [2^{+}_{1} \otimes 3^{-}_{1}] multiplet in 117^{117}Sn

The odd-mass $^{117}$Sn nucleus was investigated in nuclear resonance fluorescence experiments up to an endpoint energy of the incident photon spectrum of 4.1 MeV at the bremsstrahlung facility of the Stuttgart University. More than 50 mainly hitherto unknown levels were found. From the measurement of the scattering cross sections model independent absolute electric dipole excitation strengths were extracted. The measured angular distributions suggested the spins of 11 excited levels. Quasi-particle phonon model calculations including a complete configuration space were performed for the first time for a heavy odd-mass spherical nucleus. These calculations give a clear insight in the fragmentation and distribution of the $E1$, $M1$, and $E2$ excitation strength in the low energy region. It is proven that the $1^{-}$ component of the two-phonon $[2^{+}_{1} \otimes 3^{-}_{1}]$ quintuplet built on top of the $1/2^{+}$ ground state is strongly fragmented. The theoretical calculations are consistent with the experimental data.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Interrelation between the isoscalar octupole phonon and the proton-neutron mixed-symmetry quadrupole phonon in near spherical nuclei

The interrelation between the octupole phonon and the low-lying proton-neutron mixed-symmetry quadrupole phonon in near-spherical nuclei is investigated. The one-phonon states decay by collective E3 and E2 transitions to the ground state and by relatively strong E1 and M1 transitions to the isoscalar 2+ state. We apply the proton-neutron version of the Interacting Boson Model including quadrupole and octupole bosons (sdf-IBM-2). Two F-spin symmetric dynamical symmetry limits of the model, namely the vibrational and the \gamma-unstable ones, are considered. We derive analytical formulae for excitation energies as well as B(E1), B(M1), B(E2) and B(E3) values for a number of transitions between low-lying states.Comment: 25 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX, epsfig. Nucl. Phys. A (in press

Fine structure of proton-neutron mixed symmetry states in some N=80 isotones

A microscopic multiphonon approach is adopted to investigate the structure of some low-lying states observed experimentally in the N = 80 isotones 134Xe, 136Ba, and 138Ce. The calculation yields levels and electromagnetic transition strengths in good agreement with experiments and relates the observed selection rules to the neutron proton symmetry and phonon content of the observed states. Moreover, it ascribes the splitting of theM1 strength in 138Ce to the proton subshell closure which magnifies the role of pairing in the excitation mechanism

A Word Path Puzzle

In each of the 25 five-by-five letter arrays below, a word having no repeated letters can be traced out by horizontal or vertical steps. As you discover the word in each array, place its initial letter in a blank five-by-five square whose cells are defined by the positions of the 25 individual arrays in the square pattern below

Intervista ad Annick Bizouerne

intervista ad Annick Bizouerne capo progetto del progetto urbano di Rive Gauche a Parigi.Interview with Annick Bizouerne Project Manager for the urban project Paris Rive Gauche