Relevance of Information Literacy Skills in Librapreneurship Education for Graduates’ Self-Reliance: A Review

The need for Library and Information Science (LIS) graduates to possess flexible entrepreneurial skills to enable them be self-reliant cannot be undermined in the present Information Technology age. Information literacy competency empowers people in all walks of life to seek, evaluate, use and create information effectively to achieve their personal, social, educational and entrepreneurial goals. This paper conceptualizes librapreneurship and the impacts of information literacy skills. It presents LIS graduate as a librapreneur who initiate or provide information services and products to meet user’s need in new and creative ways; if given the right kind of training/education that is capable of stimulating entrepreneurial spirit with a view to creating innovation or original thinking in terms of information resource use and development taking into consideration the inadequate collar job in Nigeria. It highlights the importance of information literacy in librapreneurship and enumerates necessary ingredients required for every librapreneur such as creativity, innovativeness, risk taking, collaboration, decisiveness and action-oriented. Key business prospects in librapreneurship and challenges to librapreneurship education in Nigerian library schools were presented

Pull-out behavior of post installed rebar connections using chemical adhesives and cement based binders

This study investigated the effectiveness of several types of adhesives used in post-installed rebar connections as a bonding agent between steel reinforcement bars and old concrete under pull-out test. The cylindrical samples (96 + 24 Nos) of 15 dia. × 30 cm with anchors rebar of varying diameter (8, 10, 12 mm) with different embedded length (10, 15 and 20 × rebar diameter). The control (24 Nos) was the cast in-place rebar concrete specimens while other samples (96 Nos) were post rebar-installed concrete specimen of varied bonding agents-chemical adhesives (Sikadure-31CF and EPICHOR 1786) or cement-based binders (mortar, ultra-high performance self-compacting concrete (UHPSCC). The findings showed that the use of the adhesives and UHPCC pull-out load values were in close proximity while they all outperformed mortar bonded specimens. The pull-out load (bond strength) increases with

Expanding the Roles of Libraries: A Review of Institutional Repository in Promoting and Preserving Academic Research

Institutional repository is a new scholarly publishing model for researchers and academic institutions. The idea is conceived to enable broader access and dissemination of knowledge as well as preservation for future use, which are the core roles of traditional libraries. However, digital technology facilitates the adoption of institutional repository and makes libraries responsible for its management. Thus, libraries have reclaimed their function of preserving knowledge which has hitherto been hindered by digital right management policies whose emphasis is on access rather than ownership, and which has prohibited libraries from claiming ownership of subscribed materials. Institutional repository roles in enhancing academic research, faculty-librarian collaboration, library services and collections, as well as the roles of libraries in promoting and preserving academic research knowledge for posterity cannot be undermined. To achieve these laudable roles, preservation policy for repositories is of paramount importance. The study thus provides a review of different literatures to explore the key roles of institutional repositories in promoting academic research. The review of literature revealed that lack of adoption of repository policies pose challenges to institutional repositories in the preservation of academic research. The analysis of the Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies (ROARMAP) statistics showed a partial adoption of repository policies among research institutions. It is recommended that adoption of preservation policies for repository content should spread across borders and form prerequisite for establishing institutional repositories. This review suggested other factors to consider in improving the implementation of institutional repository policies towards preserving academic research

Intelligent Phishing Detection Scheme Using Deep Learning Algorithms

Purpose: Phishing attacks have evolved in recent years due to high-tech-enabled economic growth worldwide. The rise in all types of fraud loss in 2019 has been attributed to the increase in deception scams and impersonation, as well as to sophisticated online attacks such as phishing. The global impact of phishing attacks will continue to intensify, and thus, a more efficient phishing detection method is required to protect online user activities. To address this need, this study focussed on the design and development of a deep learning-based phishing detection solution that leveraged the universal resource locator and website content such as images, text and frames. Design/methodology/approach: Deep learning techniques are efficient for natural language and image classification. In this study, the convolutional neural network (CNN) and the long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm were used to build a hybrid classification model named the intelligent phishing detection system (IPDS). To build the proposed model, the CNN and LSTM classifier were trained by using 1m universal resource locators and over 10,000 images. Then, the sensitivity of the proposed model was determined by considering various factors such as the type of feature, number of misclassifications and split issues. Findings: An extensive experimental analysis was conducted to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the IPDS in detecting phishing web pages and phishing attacks when applied to large data sets. The results showed that the model achieved an accuracy rate of 93.28% and an average detection time of 25 s. Originality/value: The hybrid approach using deep learning algorithm of both the CNN and LSTM methods was used in this research work. On the one hand, the combination of both CNN and LSTM was used to resolve the problem of a large data set and higher classifier prediction performance. Hence, combining the two methods leads to a better result with less training time for LSTM and CNN architecture, while using the image, frame and text features as a hybrid for our model detection. The hybrid features and IPDS classifier for phishing detection were the novelty of this study to the best of the authors' knowledge

Performance Evaluation of Software using Formal Methods

Formal Methods (FMs) can be used in varied areas of applications and to solve critical and fundamental problems of Performance Evaluation (PE). Modelling and analysis techniques can be used for both system and software performance evaluation. The functional features and performance properties of modern software used for performance evaluation has become so intertwined. Traditional models and methods for performance evaluation has been studied widely which culminated into the modern models and methods for system and software engineering evaluation such as formal methods. Techniques have transcended from functionality to performance modeling and analysis. Formal models help in identifying faulty reasoning far earlier than in traditional design; and formal specification has proved useful even on already existing software and systems. Formal approach eliminates ambiguity. The basic and final goal of the performance evaluation technique is to come to a conclusion, whether the software and system are working in a good condition or satisfactorily

Bacterial Indicators of Contamination in Highly Impacted Segment of Tropical Lagoon, Southwest Nigeria

Increasing deterioration of coastal waters is a major public health concern in many regions of the developing world. This study investigates the impact of water quality on the proliferation of bacterial pathogens in surface water, sediment and tissues of fish, Sarotherodon melanotheron from the Makoko axis of Lagos Lagoon. Analysis of physicochemical characteristics and microbial quality of samples followed standard methods and procedures.  Measured water quality parameters (water temperature, turbidity, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen) which showed no significant variation (p>0.05) across study stations were within the Nigerian Federal Environmental Protection Agency set limit The highest total bacterial count (TBC) (214.09±43.95 x 105 CFU g-1), total coliform counts (TCC) (91.15±15.05 ×104 CFU g-1) and total faecal coliform (TFC) (36.22±12.98×10³ CFU g-1) were recorded in fish muscle tissue while the lowest TBC (52.39±39.72 x 105 CFU ml-1), TCC (33.45±33.94 ×104 CFU ml-1) and TFC (0.19±0.18×10³ CFU ml-1) were recorded in water sample. The bacterial species with the highest percentages of occurrence in water, sediment, fish gill and fish muscle tissue were Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.11 %), Enterobacter aerogenes (32.37 %), Escherichia coli (32.97 %) and E. coli (29.00 %) respectively. A very strong positive correlation (r = 1.00) was obtained between TBC in water and salinity as well as with dissolved oxygen levels. Likewise, the TBCs in fish parts (muscle tissue and gill) were positively correlated with the water temperature and turbidity. On the other hand, a negative correlation was obtained between pH and TBC in fish muscle tissue (r = -0.81) as well as with fish gut (r = -0.77). The relatively high counts of pathogenic bacteria species recorded during the study have serious public health implications

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030