363 research outputs found
Implication de la théorie algébrique des graphes dans les algorithmes de calibration de phase en synthèse d'ouverture
Nous présentons une nouvelle classe d'algorithmes de calibration de phase. L'originalité des ces algorithmes, ainsi que leur efficacité, résulte de certaines structures particulières dont l'analyse relève de la théorie algébrique des graphes. Le processus d'optimisation correspondant, qui est fondé sur le principe des méthodes de région de confiance, s'avère être très bien adapté à ces structures particulières. Les premières retombées de notre approche concernent l'imagerie à clôture de phase en imagerie radio et en interférométrie optique
Semigrupos e o Teorema de Gorenstein para singularidades de curvas algébricas planas
O objetivo central desta dissertação é apresentar o Teorema de Gorenstein para singularidades de curvas algébricas planas. Consideramos os dois casos:
primeiramente o caso local onde a singularidade da curva tem apenas um ramo e depois o caso em que a singularidade tem vários ramos. O caso local é quando a equação local é dada por uma série irredutível em k[[X; Y ]] e o caso semi-local e quando a equação local e dada por um produto de séries irredutíveis não associadas duas a duas. Uma equação local dada por uma tal série de potências f é chamada curva plana algebróide. Associados a uma curva plana algebróide estão o seu anel local O = O(f), o fecho inteiro ~O de O em seu anel total de frações e o ideal condutor de ~O em O. Podemos dizer que estes dados codi-cam as informações algébrico/geométricas da curva
algebróide (f). O Teorema de Gorenstein, demonstrado por D. Gorenstein em [Go] a-rma que em ambos os casos (local e semi-local), a codimensão (como k-espacos vetoriais) do ideal condutor no anel O e igual a codimensão do anel O em ~O. Isto nos fornece uma certa simetria que e reetida nosemigrupo associado a curva algebróide (f). Assim estudamos também esta simetria de semigrupos dos naturais e a relacionamos com a simetria do anel O no caso local
Compressed sensing imaging techniques for radio interferometry
Radio interferometry probes astrophysical signals through incomplete and
noisy Fourier measurements. The theory of compressed sensing demonstrates that
such measurements may actually suffice for accurate reconstruction of sparse or
compressible signals. We propose new generic imaging techniques based on convex
optimization for global minimization problems defined in this context. The
versatility of the framework notably allows introduction of specific prior
information on the signals, which offers the possibility of significant
improvements of reconstruction relative to the standard local matching pursuit
algorithm CLEAN used in radio astronomy. We illustrate the potential of the
approach by studying reconstruction performances on simulations of two
different kinds of signals observed with very generic interferometric
configurations. The first kind is an intensity field of compact astrophysical
objects. The second kind is the imprint of cosmic strings in the temperature
field of the cosmic microwave background radiation, of particular interest for
cosmology.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure. Version 2 matches version accepted for
publication in MNRAS. Changes includes: writing corrections, clarifications
of arguments, figure update, and a new subsection 4.1 commenting on the exact
compliance of radio interferometric measurements with compressed sensin
Clinical and radiological outcome of the Chimaera short nailing system in inter- and subtrochanteric fractures.
cephalomedullary devices are popular treatment for femoral intertrochanteric or subtrochanteric fractures. Various complications include post-surgical lateral thigh pain and cut-out. To prevent those complications, a new concept cephalomedullary device system was designed (Chimaera, Orthofix®). This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes in patients with femoral intertrochanteric or subtrochanteric fractures treated with the proximal femoral cephalomedullary device system.
A prospective cohort study involved consecutive patients with Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/ Orthopaedic Trauma Association type 31-A1, 2, 3 fractures treated with the Chimaera short cephalomedullary device system from October 2016 to September 2017 at our level 1 trauma center. The Parker and Palmer mobility score and Jensen social function scores and post-surgical lateral thigh pain were assessed at 3 months post-operatively and compared to before surgery. Radiologic assessment consisted of controlling the position of the cephalic screw by using the tip-apex distance (TAD) and Cleveland zone as well as union and cut-out rates.
We included 99 patients (79 women; 100 hips; one bilateral fracture 3 months after a first trochanteric fracture) with a mean follow-up of 2 years. The Parker and Palmer mobility score decreased by 22% at 3 months post-operatively as compared with the pre-fracture score (42/99 patients showed a return to their pre-injury level). The Jensen social function score increased by 16.5% at 3 months post-operatively as compared with the pre-fracture score (68/99 patients showed a return to their pre-injury level). No major intra-operative complication was recorded. Nine TAD scores were > 25 mm. The mean TAD was 16.5 mm (range 5-36), and the lag screw position was well positioned in most (95%) hips according to Cleveland zones. Three patients required revision surgery (one for cut-out of the lag screw, one for hip osteoarthritis and one for gluteus medius insufficiency). All patients but the one with the cut-out showed fracture union.
The Chimaera short cephalomedullary device exhibited good mid-term functional and radiological outcomes
The Camassa-Holm equation as the long-wave limit of the improved Boussinesq equation and of a class of nonlocal wave equations
In the present study we prove rigorously that in the long-wave limit, the
unidirectional solutions of a class of nonlocal wave equations to which the
improved Boussinesq equation belongs are well approximated by the solutions of
the Camassa-Holm equation over a long time scale. This general class of
nonlocal wave equations model bidirectional wave propagation in a nonlocally
and nonlinearly elastic medium whose constitutive equation is given by a
convolution integral. To justify the Camassa-Holm approximation we show that
approximation errors remain small over a long time interval. To be more
precise, we obtain error estimates in terms of two independent, small, positive
parameters and measuring the effect of nonlinearity and
dispersion, respectively. We further show that similar conclusions are also
valid for the lower order approximations: the Benjamin-Bona-Mahony
approximation and the Korteweg-de Vries approximation.Comment: 24 pages, to appear in Discrete and Continuous Dynamical System
Asymptotic models for the generation of internal waves by a moving ship, and the dead-water phenomenon
This paper deals with the dead-water phenomenon, which occurs when a ship
sails in a stratified fluid, and experiences an important drag due to waves
below the surface. More generally, we study the generation of internal waves by
a disturbance moving at constant speed on top of two layers of fluids of
different densities. Starting from the full Euler equations, we present several
nonlinear asymptotic models, in the long wave regime. These models are
rigorously justified by consistency or convergence results. A careful
theoretical and numerical analysis is then provided, in order to predict the
behavior of the flow and in which situations the dead-water effect appears.Comment: To appear in Nonlinearit
Multiphase weakly nonlinear geometric optics for Schrodinger equations
We describe and rigorously justify the nonlinear interaction of highly
oscillatory waves in nonlinear Schrodinger equations, posed on Euclidean space
or on the torus. Our scaling corresponds to a weakly nonlinear regime where the
nonlinearity affects the leading order amplitude of the solution, but does not
alter the rapid oscillations. We consider initial states which are
superpositions of slowly modulated plane waves, and use the framework of Wiener
algebras. A detailed analysis of the corresponding nonlinear wave mixing
phenomena is given, including a geometric interpretation on the resonance
structure for cubic nonlinearities. As an application, we recover and extend
some instability results for the nonlinear Schrodinger equation on the torus in
negative order Sobolev spaces.Comment: 29 page
Simple blood fibrosis tests reduce unnecessary referrals for specialized evaluations of liver fibrosis in NAFLD and ALD patients
BACKGROUND: Liver fibrosis evaluation is mandatory in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) to decide the patient management. Patients with these diseases are usually under the care of non-liver specialists who refer them to specialized centers where the most accurate fibrosis tests are available. We aimed to evaluate whether simple blood fibrosis tests available to all physicians help to reduce the rate of unnecessary referral of NAFLD and ALD patients without advanced fibrosis.
METHODS: NAFLD and/or ALD patients newly referred to our center for a non-invasive evaluation of liver fibrosis were retrospectively included. The FibroMeter (FM, combination of blood markers and Fibroscan results) was defined as the reference test for specialized evaluation of liver fibrosis. A FM result <0.384 indicated the absence of advanced fibrosis and thus an "unnecessary referral".
RESULTS: 558 patients were included (NAFLD: 283, ALD: 156, mixed NAFLD+ALD: 119). FM was <0.384 (unnecessary referral) in 58.8% of patients. FIB4 was <1.30 in 45.2% and eLIFT <8 in 47.7% of the patients. 84.9% of patients with FIB4 <1.30 and 85.3% of patients with eLIFT <8 had also FM <0.384. Therefore, using FIB4 or eLIFT as first-line evaluation of liver fibrosis decreased by three-fold the rate of unnecessary referral. The negative predictive value of FIB4 and eLIFT was >80% whatever the underlying cause of chronic liver disease.
CONCLUSION: The use of eLIFT by non-liver specialists for NAFLD and ALD patients can improve the relevance of referrals for specialized evaluation of liver fibrosis
Using nutritional geometry to define the fundamental macronutrient niche of the widespread invasive ant <i>Monomorium pharaonis</i>
The emerging field of nutritional geometry (NG) provides powerful new approaches to test whether and how organisms prioritize specific nutritional blends when consuming chemically complex foods. NG approaches can thus help move beyond food-level estimates of diet breadth to predict invasive success, for instance by revealing narrow nutritional niches if broad diets are actually composed of nutritionally similar foods. We used two NG paradigms to provide different, but complementary insights into nutrient regulation strategies and test a hypothesis of extreme nutritional generalism in colony propagules of the globally distributed invasive ant Monomorium pharaonis. First, in two dimensions (protein:carbohydrates; P:C), M. pharaonis colonies consistently defended a slightly carbohydrate-biased intake target, while using a generalist equal-distance strategy of collectively overharvesting both protein and carbohydrates to reach this target when confined to imbalanced P:C diets. Second, a recently developed right-angled mixture triangle method enabled us to define the fundamental niche breadth in three dimensions (protein:carbohydrates:lipid, P:C:L). We found that colonies navigated the P:C:L landscape, in part, to mediate a tradeoff between worker survival (maximized on high-carbohydrate diets) and brood production (maximized on high-protein diets). Colonies further appeared unable to avoid this tradeoff by consuming extra lipids when the other nutrients were limiting. Colonies also did not rely on nutrient regulation inside their nests, as they did not hoard or scatter fractions of harvested diets to adjust the nutritional blends they consumed. These complementary NG approaches highlight that even the most successful invasive species with broad fundamental macronutrient niches must navigate complex multidimensional nutritional landscapes to acquire limiting macronutrients and overcome developmental constraints as small propagules
Propiedades reológicas de las grasas de cupuaçu y del cacao
Cocoa butter is an important ingredient in chocolate formulation as it dictates the main properties (texture, sensation in the mouth, and gloss). In the food industry, the texture of fat-containing products strongly depends on the macroscopic properties of the fat network formed within the finished product. Cupuassu ( Theobroma grandiflorum , Sterculiaceae) is an Amazonian native fruit and the seeds can be used to derive a cocoa butter like product. In general, these fats are similar to those of cocoa, although they are different in some physical properties. The objective of this study was to analyze several properties of the cupuassu fat and cocoa butter (crystal formation at 25 ° C, rheological properties, and fatty acid composition) and mixtures between the two fats (rheological properties), in order to understand the behavior of these fats for their use in chocolate products. Fat flow was described using common rheological models ( Newton , Power Law, Casson and Bingham plastic).La manteca de cacao es un ingrediente muy importante en la formulación de chocolates y es responsable de la mayor parte de sus propiedades (textura, palatibilidad y brillo). En la industria de alimentos, la textura de productos que contienen grasa depende enormemente de las propiedades macroscópicas de la red cristalina de la grasa en el producto final. El cupuaçu es una fruta nativa de la región amazónica y sus semillas pueden ser usadas para obtener una grasa semejante a la manteca de cacao. En general, esta grasa es similar a la manteca de cacao, pero difiere en algunas de sus propiedades fisicas . El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar algunas propiedades de la grasa de cupuaçu y de la manteca de cacao (formación de cristales a 25 °C, propiedades reológicas y composición en ácidos grasos) y de algunas mezclas entre las dos grasas (propiedades reológicas), a fin de conocer el comportamiento de estas grasas para ser usadas en productos de la industria del chocolate. El flujo de la grasa se ha descrito utilizando modelos reológicos comunes (Newton, ley de la potencia, Casson y plástico de Bingham)
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