Saprophytic fungi on tomato phylloplane: Effect of fungicides and leaf position on abundance, composition and diversity

Fungal isolations were made from leaves of tomato plants cultivated in greenhouses in an area close to La Plata, Argentina. Three different schemes of fungicide application were evaluated: high frequency preventive sprayings (Commercial Greenhouse I), low frequency preventive applications (Commercial Greenhouse II) and no fungicide spraying (Control Greenhouse). Leaves were sampled immediately after second fruit formation from three levels of the foliage: low, medium and high. Plating dilution was used to isolate fungal species. Total c.f.u. number and species composition and diversity were assessed by the plating dilution technique. Fungal populations were most abundant on leaves from lower parts of the foliage in the Control Greenhouse. Diversity varied according to fungicide application frequency and leaf position in the canopy. Higher values were recorded for lower leaves in the Control Greenhouse compared with upper leaves from Commercial Greenhouse II. Likewise position in the canopy influenced the frequency of some species. The implications for natural biological control are discussed.Centro de Investigaciones de Fitopatologí

Pembuatan Aplikasi Perencanaan Jaringan Komputer Berbasis Android

Technology is now growing rapidly in the world, namely smartphones, making us easy to do many things in daily life - today. The number of smartphones with Android Operating System helped us in many ways, including in the field of work. Along with the development of smartphone technology that requires a data connection, the computer network becomes a matter that needs to be developed. For the sake of ease of development of the network, the need for computer network design simulation software.This application helps in the manufacture of computer network that have personal computer components, switches and routers. IP on each component mounting aided by the function checks the correct format, subnet calculator that can help calculate IP quickly, and alsothe function of static routing on the router. This application is built using the Java programming language with the android his studio as an IDE.Results of the testing system, component in ease of application make some form of assistance filling of each object. The main canvas which has rescaling makes it easy to adapt the application with device that based on Android. The function of the switch which automatically takes the IP from each end of the interface. The search function is an automatic way data transmission and will identify existing static routing makes us also can map the data transmission device

Distinct ubiquitin binding modes exhibited by SH3 domains: Molecular determinants and functional implications

SH3 domains constitute a new type of ubiquitin-binding domains. We previously showed that the third SH3 domain (SH3-C) of CD2AP binds ubiquitin in an alternative orientation. We have determined the structure of the complex between first CD2AP SH3 domain and ubiquitin and performed a structural and mutational analysis to decipher the determinants of the SH3-C binding mode to ubiquitin. We found that the Phe-to-Tyr mutation in CD2AP and in the homologous CIN85 SH3-C domain does not abrogate ubiquitin binding, in contrast to previous hypothesis and our findings for the first two CD2AP SH3 domains. The similar alternative binding mode of the SH3-C domains of these related adaptor proteins is characterised by a higher affinity to C-terminal extended ubiquitin molecules. We conclude that CD2AP/CIN85 SH3-C domain interaction with ubiquitin constitutes a new ubiquitin-binding mode involved in a different cellular function and thus changes the previously established mechanism of EGF-dependent CD2AP/CIN85 mono-ubiquitination. © 2013 Ortega Roldan et al

Comparison of two experiments on radiative neutron decay

Over 10 years ago we proposed an experiment on measuring the characteristics of radiative neutron decay in papers [1, 2]. At the same time we had published the theoretical spectrum of radiative gamma quanta, calculated within the framework of the electroweak interactions, on the basis of which we proposed the methodology for the future experiment [3,4]. However, because we were denied beam time on the intensive cold neutron beam at ILL (Grenoble, France) for a number of years, we could only conduct the experiment in 2005 on the newly opened FRMII reactor of Technical University of Muenchen. The main result of this experiment was the discovery of radiative neutron decay and the measurement of its relative intensity B.R.= (3.2+-1.6)10-3 with C.L.=99.7% for radiative gamma quanta with energy over 35 kev [5,6]. Over a year after our first announcement about the results of the conducted experiment, "Nature" [7] published a letter asserting that its authors have also measured the branching ratio of radiative neutron decay B.R.= (3.13+-0.34)10-3 with C.L.=68% and gamma quanta energy from 15 to 340 kev. This article aims to compare these two experiments. It is shown that the use of strong magnetic fields in the NIST (Washington, USA) experiment methodology not only prevents any exact measurement of the branching ratio and identification of radiative neutron decay events, but also makes registration of ordinary neutron decay events impossible.Comment: contribution on conference ISINN-1

alpha^2 corrections to parapositronium decay: a detailed description

We present details of our recent calculation of alpha^2 corrections to the parapositronium decay into two photons. These corrections are rather small and our final result for the parapositronium lifetime agrees well with the most recent measurement. Implications for orthopositronium decays are briefly discussed.Comment: 18 pages, late

Order alpha^3 ln(1/alpha) Corrections to Positronium Decays

The logarithmically enhanced alpha^3 ln(1/alpha) corrections to the para- and orthopositronium decay widths are calculated in the framework of dimensionally regularized nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics.In the case of parapositronium, the correction is negative, approximately doubles the effect of the leading logarithmic alpha^3 ln^2(1/alpha) one, and is comparable to the nonlogarithmic O(alpha^2) one. As for orthopositronium, the correction is positive and almost cancels the alpha^3 ln^2(1/alpha) one. The uncertainties in the theoretical predictions for the decay widths are reduced.Comment: 10 pages (Latex); missing term added, corrected coefficient B_p used, numerical results insignificantly change

Evanescence in Coined Quantum Walks

In this paper we complete the analysis begun by two of the authors in a previous work on the discrete quantum walk on the line [J. Phys. A 36:8775-8795 (2003) quant-ph/0303105 ]. We obtain uniformly convergent asymptotics for the "exponential decay'' regions at the leading edges of the main peaks in the Schr{\"o}dinger (or wave-mechanics) picture. This calculation required us to generalise the method of stationary phase and we describe this extension in some detail, including self-contained proofs of all the technical lemmas required. We also rigorously establish the exact Feynman equivalence between the path-integral and wave-mechanics representations for this system using some techniques from the theory of special functions. Taken together with the previous work, we can now prove every theorem by both routes.Comment: 32 pages AMS LaTeX, 5 figures in .eps format. Rewritten in response to referee comments, including some additional references. v3: typos fixed in equations (131), (133) and (134). v5: published versio

Saprophytic fungi on tomato phylloplane: Effect of fungicides and leaf position on abundance, composition and diversity

Fungal isolations were made from leaves of tomato plants cultivated in greenhouses in an area close to La Plata, Argentina. Three different schemes of fungicide application were evaluated: high frequency preventive sprayings (Commercial Greenhouse I), low frequency preventive applications (Commercial Greenhouse II) and no fungicide spraying (Control Greenhouse). Leaves were sampled immediately after second fruit formation from three levels of the foliage: low, medium and high. Plating dilution was used to isolate fungal species. Total c.f.u. number and species composition and diversity were assessed by the plating dilution technique. Fungal populations were most abundant on leaves from lower parts of the foliage in the Control Greenhouse. Diversity varied according to fungicide application frequency and leaf position in the canopy. Higher values were recorded for lower leaves in the Control Greenhouse compared with upper leaves from Commercial Greenhouse II. Likewise position in the canopy influenced the frequency of some species. The implications for natural biological control are discussed.Centro de Investigaciones de Fitopatologí

Accurate characterization of weak macromolecular interactions by titration of NMR residual dipolar couplings: application to the CD2AP SH3-C:ubiquitin complex

The description of the interactome represents one of key challenges remaining for structural biology. Physiologically important weak interactions, with dissociation constants above 100 μM, are remarkably common, but remain beyond the reach of most of structural biology. NMR spectroscopy, and in particular, residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) provide crucial conformational constraints on intermolecular orientation in molecular complexes, but the combination of free and bound contributions to the measured RDC seriously complicates their exploitation for weakly interacting partners. We develop a robust approach for the determination of weak complexes based on: (i) differential isotopic labeling of the partner proteins facilitating RDC measurement in both partners; (ii) measurement of RDC changes upon titration into different equilibrium mixtures of partially aligned free and complex forms of the proteins; (iii) novel analytical approaches to determine the effective alignment in all equilibrium mixtures; and (iv) extraction of precise RDCs for bound forms of both partner proteins. The approach is demonstrated for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of the weakly interacting CD2AP SH3-C:Ubiquitin complex (Kd = 132 ± 13 μM) and is shown, using cross-validation, to be highly precise. We expect this methodology to extend the remarkable and unique ability of NMR to study weak protein–protein complexes