228 research outputs found
Field dependence of electronic recoil signals in a dual-phase liquid xenon time projection chamber
We present measurements of light and charge signals in a dual-phase time
projection chamber at electric fields varying from 10 V/cm up to 500 V/cm and
at zero field using 511 keV gamma rays from a Na source. We determine
the drift velocity, electron lifetime, diffusion constant, and light and charge
yields at 511 keV as a function of the electric field. In addition, we fit the
scintillation pulse shape to an effective exponential model, showing a decay
time of 43.5 ns at low field that decreases to 25 ns at high fields.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figure
De varianten
Binnenkort is voor de tweedejaarsstudenten bestuurskunde hét moment daar: de afstudeervariant zal moeten worden gekozen. Een keuze die je niet zo maar neemt, een afweging zal moeten worden gemaakt; welke variant, dus Leiden of Rotterdam? Wat houdt die variant in? Wat zijn de gevolgen van de keuze? Op deze en andere vragen zullen wij op deze pagina's een antwoord proberen te geven
Precision measurements of the scintillation pulse shape for low-energy recoils in liquid xenon
We present measurements of the scintillation pulse shape in liquid xenon for
nuclear recoils (NR) and electronic recoils (ER) at electric fields of 0 to 0.5
kV/cm for energies 15 keV and 70 keV electron-equivalent, respectively.
The average pulse shapes are well-described by an effective model with two
exponential decay components, where both decay times are fit parameters. We
find significant broadening of the pulse for ER due to delayed luminescence
from the recombination process. In addition to the effective model, we fit a
model describing the recombination luminescence for ER at zero field and obtain
good agreement. We estimate the best performance of a combined S2/S1 and pulse
shape ER/NR discrimination and show that even with 2 ns time resolution, the
improvement over S2/S1 discrimination alone is marginal, so that pulse shape
discrimination will likely not be useful for future dual-phase liquid xenon
experiments looking for elastic dark matter recoil interactions
Bestuurskunde in leiden
Professor van Braam, beschermheer van de B.I.L. en voorzitter van de vakgroep bestuurskunde in Leiden, met recht een persoon die in het eerste nummer van het blad "Bestuurskundige Berichten" dient te worden geinterviewd. Mr. Van Braam, als afgestudeerd sociograaf in Amsterdam, verkreeg in 1965 het hoogleraarschap sociologie in Rotterdam, naar aanleiding van een dissertatie ("Ambtenaren en bureaucratie in Nederland", 1957) over het functioneren van het ambtelijk apparaat
Association between Masseter Muscle Area and Thickness and Outcome after Carotid Endarterectomy:A Retrospective Cohort Study
Low muscle mass is associated with adverse outcomes after surgery. This study examined whether facial muscles, such as the masseter muscle, could be used as a proxy for generalized low muscle mass and could be associated with deviant outcomes after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). As a part of the Vascular Ageing study, patients with an available preoperative CT-scan, who underwent an elective CEA between December 2009 and May 2018, were included. Bilateral masseter muscle area and thickness were measured on preoperative CT scans. A masseter muscle area or thickness of one standard deviation below the sex-based mean was considered low masseter muscle area (LMA) or low masseter muscle thickness (LMT). Of the 123 included patients (73.3% men; mean age 68 (9.7) years), 22 (17.9%) patients had LMA, and 18 (14.6%) patients had LMT. A total of 41 (33.3%) patients had a complicated postoperative course and median length of hospital stay was four (4-5) days. Recurrent stroke within 5 years occurred in eight (6.6%) patients. Univariable analysis showed an association between LMA, complications and prolonged hospital stay. LMT was associated with a prolonged hospital stay (OR 8.78 [1.15-66.85]; p = 0.036) and recurrent stroke within 5 years (HR 12.40 [1.83-84.09]; p = 0.010) in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Masseter muscle might be useful in preoperative risk assessment for adverse short- and long-term postoperative outcomes
New polymorphic DNA marker close to the fragile site FRAXA
Abstract
DNA from a human-hamster hybrid cell line, 908-K1B17, containing a small terminal portion of the long arm of the human X chromosome as well as the pericentric region of 19q was used as starting material for the isolation of an X-chromosome-specific DNA segment, RN1 (DXS369), which identifies a XmnI RFLP. Linkage analysis in fragile X families resulted in a maximum lod score of 15.3 at a recombination fraction of 0.05 between RN1 and fra(X). Analysis of recombinations around the fra(X) locus assigned RN1 proximal to fra(X) and distal to DXS105. Analysis of the marker content of hybrid cell line 908K1B17 suggests the localization of RN1 between DXS98 and fra(X). Heterozygosity of DXS369 is approximately 50%, which extends the diagnostic potential of RFLP analysis in fragile X families significantly
Search for Two-Neutrino Double Electron Capture of Xe with XENON100
Two-neutrino double electron capture is a rare nuclear decay where two
electrons are simultaneously captured from the atomic shell. For Xe
this process has not yet been observed and its detection would provide a new
reference for nuclear matrix element calculations. We have conducted a search
for two-neutrino double electron capture from the K-shell of Xe using
7636 kgd of data from the XENON100 dark matter detector. Using a
Bayesian analysis we observed no significant excess above background, leading
to a lower 90 % credibility limit on the half-life
yr. We also evaluated the sensitivity of the XENON1T experiment, which is
currently being commissioned, and find a sensitivity of
yr after an exposure of 2 tyr.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Removing krypton from xenon by cryogenic distillation to the ppq level
The XENON1T experiment aims for the direct detection of dark matter in a
cryostat filled with 3.3 tons of liquid xenon. In order to achieve the desired
sensitivity, the background induced by radioactive decays inside the detector
has to be sufficiently low. One major contributor is the -emitter
Kr which is an intrinsic contamination of the xenon. For the XENON1T
experiment a concentration of natural krypton in xenon Kr/Xe < 200
ppq (parts per quadrillion, 1 ppq = 10 mol/mol) is required. In this
work, the design of a novel cryogenic distillation column using the common
McCabe-Thiele approach is described. The system demonstrated a krypton
reduction factor of 6.410 with thermodynamic stability at process
speeds above 3 kg/h. The resulting concentration of Kr/Xe < 26 ppq
is the lowest ever achieved, almost one order of magnitude below the
requirements for XENON1T and even sufficient for future dark matter experiments
using liquid xenon, such as XENONnT and DARWIN
Automatic quantification of lymphocyte vacuolization in peripheral blood smears of patients with Batten's disease (CLN3 disease)
Quantifying lymphocyte vacuolization in peripheral blood smears (PBSs) serves as a measure for disease severity in CLN3 disease—a lysosomal storage disorder of childhood-onset. However, thus far quantification methods are based on labor-intensive manual assessment of PBSs. As machine learning techniques like convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been deployed quite successfully in detecting pathological features in PBSs, we explored whether these techniques could be utilized to automate quantification of lymphocyte vacuolization. Here, we present and validate a deep learning pipeline that automates quantification of lymphocyte vacuolization. By using two CNNs in succession, trained for cytoplasm-segmentation and vacuolization-detection, respectively, we obtained an excellent correlation with manual quantification of lymphocyte vacuolization (r = 0.98, n = 40). These results show that CNNs can be utilized to automate the otherwise cumbersome task of manually quantifying lymphocyte vacuolization, thereby aiding prompt clinical decisions in relation to CLN3 disease, and potentially beyond
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