42 research outputs found
Effect of pineapple (Ananas comosus) on haematological and biochemical parameters in albinos Wistar rats intoxicated with Doliprane
The aim of this study is to evaluate the liverâs protection of Ananas comosus on albinos Wistar rats intoxicated with DolipraneÂź which contained 20% of paracetamol. Four batches of 30 were used. The negative control group was not treated with DolipraneÂź and A. comosus. Batches no. 2 and no. 3 were treated for six weeks with DolipraneÂź (2 g per kg of body weight for each day). Each rat of batch 2, has received by cramming, 0.06 ml/kg of body weight for each day of the stalk against 0.12 ml per kg of body weight for each day for batch no. 3. The batch no. 4 has been addicted to DolipraneÂź (2 g / kg of body weight for each day) and was not treated with A. comosus. A haematological study plus determination of the serum level of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol was carried out. DolipraneÂź induced a hypochromic anemia in the rats of batch 4. This anemia has been corrected with the stalk of A. comosus in the rats of batches no. 2 and no. 3. The serum level of glucose and triglycerides increased in the rats of batch no. 4 (p < 0.0001), but that of cholesterol decreased (p < 0.0001). The stalk of A. comosus protects the liver against haematological and biochemical aberrations induced by DolipraneÂź.Key words: Ananas comosus (pineapple), hepato-protection, DolipraneÂź, toxicity
Study of biological tolerance of aqueous extract of Sorghum bicolor
Objectif: Sorghum bicolor est l'une des principales cĂ©rĂ©ales utilisĂ©es dans la nutrition animale humaine en Afrique et en Inde. Ces feuilles sont utilisĂ©es pour soigner l'anĂ©mie dans ces rĂ©gions. Ce travail visait Ă Ă©tudier la tolĂ©rance biologique des feuilles.MĂ©thodologie et RĂ©sultats : Sur lâextrait aqueux des feuilles de la plante, a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ© le test de toxicitĂ© larvaire et celui de la toxicitĂ© orale aiguĂ« suivant la ligne directrice 423 de l'OCDE. Des rats Wistar injectĂ©s avec 2000 mg dâextrait/Kg de poids corporel ont Ă©tĂ© suivis pendant 14 jours. Aux J0 et J14, des bilans sanguins ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©s de mĂȘme que lâhistologie du foie, des reins et de la rate. In vitro, la CL50 est de 7,9 mg/ml. Le poids des rats, lâurĂ©mie, la crĂ©atininĂ©mie, les transaminases et le nombre des leucocytes nâont pas significativement changĂ© Ă J14, suggĂ©rant lâabsence de toxicitĂ© rĂ©nale, hĂ©patique et immunologique confirmĂ©e par lâhistologie.Conclusion: Lâextrait aqueux de Sorghum bicolor nâa pas rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© de toxicitĂ© in vitro aux larves. In vivo, il nâa pas induit de cytolyse hĂ©patique, les transaminases Ă©tant lĂ©gĂšrement abaissĂ©es. Il nâa pas non plus altĂ©rĂ© la fonction rĂ©nale, lâurĂ©mie et crĂ©atininĂ©mie Ă©tant normales. La structure de ces deux organes semble ĂȘtre prĂ©servĂ©e Ă lâobservation histologique. Aussi, Iâextrait semble ne pas affecter la fonction immunitaire avec la numĂ©ration normale des globules blancs sanguins. Le parenchyme de la rate, organe lymphoĂŻde a gardĂ© son architecture typique. LâĂ©tude de la tolĂ©rance biologique mĂ©rite dâĂȘtre poursuivie par les tests de toxicitĂ© chronique et des essais cliniques appropriĂ©s en vue dâune transformation en MĂ©dicament Traditionnel AmĂ©liorĂ© (MTA).Mots clĂ©s: Sorghum bicolor, tolĂ©rance biologique
Diversité, usages vétérinaires et vulnérabilité des plantes médicinales au Nord-Bénin
Au BĂ©nin, les animaux domestiques continuent de payer un lourd tribut Ă diverses pathologies. Une enquĂȘte a Ă©tĂ© conduite au Nord-BĂ©nin pour recenser les recettes Ă usages vĂ©tĂ©rinaires, sĂ©lectionner les plus crĂ©dibles et Ă©valuer la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© des plantes impliquĂ©es. Elle a consistĂ© Ă des interviews individuelles semistructurĂ©es auprĂšs de 60 Ă©leveurs. Au total 56 espĂšces vĂ©gĂ©tales ont Ă©tĂ© citĂ©es. Elles sont reparties en 50 genres et 22 familles. Les familles les plus reprĂ©sentĂ©es en espĂšces sont : Leguminosae (34%) et Combretaceae (11%). Au total 86 recettes ont Ă©tĂ© recensĂ©es pour traiter 31 pathologies avec la FiĂšvre aphteuse comme la plus frĂ©quente (19%). Les frĂ©quences de recettes (Fr) et de citation des recettes (Fcr) ont permis de sĂ©lectionner celles qui sont plus crĂ©dibles. Les Ă©corces de tige sont plus citĂ©es avec un pourcentage de 61%. Huit (08) modes de prĂ©paration sont indiquĂ©s avec la dĂ©coction (49%) comme la plus frĂ©quente. Trente et un (31) espĂšces se sont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©es vulnĂ©rables. Cette Ă©tude a permis la sĂ©lection de quelques recettes crĂ©dibles. Les recherches phytochimiques ultĂ©rieures montreront les potentialitĂ©s rĂ©elles des plantes citĂ©es dans le traitement des pathologies animales.Mots clĂ©s : Plantes, mĂ©decine vĂ©tĂ©rinaire, Fr, Fcr, BĂ©ni
Inventaire ethno-pharmacologique des plantes utilisées dans le traitement des pathologies parasitaires dans les élevages extensifs et semi-intensifs du Bénin
LâAfrique regorge dâune importante rĂ©serve de plantes utilisĂ©es en ethnomĂ©decine vĂ©tĂ©rinaire. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude vise Ă rĂ©pertorier une gamme de plantes mĂ©dicinales habituellement utilisĂ©es pour traiter lespathologies parasitaires des animaux. A cet effet, une enquĂȘte ethno-botanique a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e auprĂšs de 787 Ă©leveurs et agro-Ă©leveurs des huit zones agro-Ă©cologiques du BĂ©nin, de juin Ă dĂ©cembre 2013. Au total, cinq (5) plantes mĂ©dicinales (Azadirachta indica, Cajanus cajan, Cissus quadrangularis, Nicotiana tabacum et Vernonia amygdalina) sont utilisĂ©es pour traiter la coccidiose contre deux (2) plantes (Bombax costatum etProsopis africana) pour la piroplasmose et douze (12) plantes dont A. polyacantha, C. sieberiana, C. febrifuga, D. microcarpum, P. kotschyi, Z. mays pour la trypanosomiase. En outre, dix-huit (18) plantes dont A. digitata, A. senegalensis, A. leiocarpa, Bambusa vulgaris, F. exasperata ont Ă©tĂ© inventoriĂ©es pour traiter les ectoparasitoses contre dix-sept (17) plantes dont A. flagellaris, C. papaya, E. guineensis, M. charantia, Sennaalata pour la gale et quarante-deux (42) plantes dont A. digitata, A. sativum, Anacardium occidentale, A. leiocarpa, B. ferruginea, C. papaya, C. ambrosioides, K. senegalensis, F. sur, M. inermis, N. canensis pour traiter les helminthiases. Les organes les plus utilisĂ©s sont les feuilles et les Ă©corces. La majoritĂ© des remĂšdes sont prĂ©parĂ©s sous forme de dĂ©coction. Des tests sur lâefficacitĂ© de ces plantes permettront de mieux les valoriser dans la lutte contre les pathologies parasitaires.Mots clĂ©s : Maladies parasitaires, phyto-pharmacologie, enquĂȘte, BĂ©nin
Valeur Ethnobotanique De Annona Muricata Utilisee Dans Le Traitement De Certaines Pathologies Au Sud-Benin
Lâutilisation dâAnnona muricata dans le traitement de diverses pathologies humaines prend de plus en plus dâampleur au BĂ©nin. Le but de la prĂ©sente Ă©tude est de faire lâinventaire des maladies traitĂ©es par lâutilisation de cette plante. Pour ce faire, une enquĂȘte ethnobotanique a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e auprĂšs de 77 herboristes et 170 tradithĂ©rapeutes des DĂ©partements de lâOuĂ©mĂ© et du Plateau, du Littoral, de lâAtlantique et du Mono. Les donnĂ©es collectĂ©es Ă©taient relatives Ă la structure Ă©cologique de lâarbre Annona muricata, aux diffĂ©rents organes utilisĂ©s et les maladies traitĂ©es, au mode dâemploi, etc. Ces donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es avec le logiciel SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) pour la dĂ©termination des statistiques descriptives en termes de pourcentage et de moyenne. Il ressort de lâĂ©tude que les acteurs enquĂȘtĂ©s Ă©taient majoritairement des hommes (74,9%),non scolarisĂ©s (40,1%), dâorigine Goun (27,1%), Cotafon (19,8%) et Nago (18,2%). Les caractĂ©ristiques Ă©cologiques de A. muricata ont variĂ© significativement (p<0,05) selon les enquĂȘtĂ©s. Le mode de multiplication de lâarbre, selon les enquĂȘtĂ©s,se fait principalement par la graine (82,6%). Les principaux organes dâAnnonamuricata utilisĂ©s pour le traitement des maladies sont majoritairement le fruit (86,2%), la feuille (66,4%) et lâĂ©corce (62,8%). Les principaux modes de prĂ©paration des organes Ă©taient la tisane (97,2%), ladĂ©coction (93,5%), et la poudre (76,9%). LâAnnonamuricata Ă©tait majoritairement utilisĂ©, selon les enquĂȘtĂ©s, pour le traitement de lâinsomnie (70,9%), le cancer (70%), le paludisme (59,9%), lâhypertension artĂ©rielle (58,7%), le vertige (57,5)âŠAinsi, vu les rĂ©sultats, ce travail a permis de connaitre la valeur ethnobotanique dâAnnona muricata.
The use of Annona muricata(A. muricata) in the treatment of various human pathologies is becoming more and more widespread in Benin. The aim of this study was to inventory the diseases treated by the use of this plant. For this purpose, an ethnobotanical survey was carried out among 77 herbalists and 170 traditional therapists from the Departments of Ouémé and Plateau, Littoral, Atlantic and Mono. The data collected was relative, to the ecological structure of the Annona muricata tree, the different organs used and the diseases treated, the use instructions, etc. The data was collected in the form of a questionnaire. These data had been analysed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software for the determination of descriptive statistics in terms of percentage and average. The study showed that the majority of the actorssurveyed were men (74.9%), unschooled (40.1%), ethnic groups as Goun (27.1%), Cotafon (19.8%) and Nago (18.2%). The ecological characteristics of A. muricatavaried significantly (p<0.05) according to the surveyed actors. The main method of multiplication of the tree is by seeds (82.6%). The main organs of Annona muricata used for diseases treatment were usually the fruit (86.2%), the leaf (66.4%) and the bark (62.8%). According to the actors, Annona muricata was mainly used for the treatment of insomnia (70.9%), cancer (70%), malaria (59.9%), high blood pressure (58.7%), vertigo (57.5), etc. The main method of organ preparation was herbal tea (97.2%), decoction (93.5%), and powder (76.9%). Therefore, at the results showed, this study allowed to know ethnobotanic value of Annona muricata
Recherche de la staphylocoagulase libre Ă partir du plasma dâanimaux tropicaux : influence du type dâanticoagulant, de la tempĂ©rature et de la durĂ©e de conservation
Lâidentification biochimique de Staphylococcus aureus nĂ©cessite la recherche de la staphylocoagulase libre, rĂ©alisĂ©e grĂące au plasma lyophilisĂ© de lapin. Cette Ă©tude vise Ă promouvoir lâutilisation de plasma frais dâanimaux tropicaux et dĂ©terminer lâinfluence des anticoagulants, de la tempĂ©rature et de la durĂ©e de conservation de ces plasmas dans la rĂ©vĂ©lation de la staphylocoagulase libre.Cinq (5) Ă©chantillons de sang de rats wistar, 3 de porc, 10 de poulets et 10 de lapins ont Ă©tĂ© recueillis sur anticoagulants. AprĂšs caractĂ©risation biochimique dâune souche de rĂ©fĂ©rence de S. aureus ATCC 25923, la recherche de la staphylocoagulase libre a Ă©tĂ© faite Ă partir des plasmas dâanimaux tropicaux conformĂ©ment aux critĂšres bactĂ©riologiques classiques. Des rĂ©sultats obtenus, seuls les Ă©chantillons de plasma de lapins et de porcs ont permis la rĂ©vĂ©lation de la staphylocoagulase libre. De tous les anticoagulants testĂ©s, lâEDTA et Citrate de sodium ont Ă©tĂ© les plus efficaces. Une part des plasmas de lapins recueillis sur EDTA a Ă©tĂ© conservĂ©e au rĂ©frigĂ©rateur et lâautre part Ă tempĂ©rature ambiante durant sept jours. La recherche de la staphylocoagulase a Ă©tĂ© faite tous les jours de conservation Ă partir des plasmas. Il dĂ©coule de cette conservation que la tempĂ©rature nâa pas dâinfluence majeure sur les Ă©chantillons de plasma sauf que leur conservation Ă tempĂ©rature ambiante ralentit lâobtention des rĂ©sultats. Il est donc prĂ©fĂ©rable pour lâobtention de rĂ©sultats dans un temps relativement court et pour Ă©viter les risques de contamination des plasmas, de les conserver au rĂ©frigĂ©rateur entre 2° et 8°C pendant un maximum de 6 jours
Haematological evaluation of Wistar rats exposed to chronic doses of cadmium, mercury and combined cadmium and mercury
Cadmium and mercury present in the environment, cause blood disorders. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of cadmium, mercury and their combination on hematological parameters of Wistar rats. For this purpose, two different doses of each metal and their combination were administered orally for 28 days to six groups of five rats each. Two groups (A and B) were respectively exposed to CdCl2 (0.25 and 2.5 mg/kg), two other groups (C and D) respectively received HgCl2 (0.12 and 1.2 mg/kg) and the last two groups (E and F) were respectively treated with the combination of these two metals: (0.25 mg/kg Cd + 0.12 mg/kg Hg) and (2.5 mg/kg Cd + 1.2 mg/kg Hg). The control group (G) received the same volume of distilled water. At the end of exposure, bodies of rats were weighed and the whole blood was collected by retro-orbital sinus method for analysis of hematological parameters. The results of this study show a significant decrease (p<0.05) in white blood cells (WBC) in the lot treated with the combination (0.25 mg/kg Cd + 012 mg/kg Hg) and also indicate a significant decrease (p<0.05) in WBC, red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (HGB) and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) with high levels of mercury (2.5 mg/kg) and the combination (2.5 mg/kg Cd + 1.2 mg/kg Hg). An increase in the number of platelet count (PLT) in all intoxicated lots was observed.Keywords: Cadmium, mercury, hematology, blood parameters, ratsAfrican Journal of BiotechnologyVol. 12(23), pp. 3731-373
Microbiological Characterization of Grilled Meat âTchatchangaâ in Cotonou (Southern Benin): Enumeration, Isolation and Resistance Profile of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
Collective food-borne diseases are the reason for a considerable number of deaths in developing countries. The contamination of meat is often noticed. The purpose of the present study was to enumerate, isolate and evaluate the resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in grilled meat consumed in Southern Benin. To achieve this goal, 30 thirty samples of grilled meat âTchatchangaâ were collected in three districts of the city of Cotonou. After collection, the samples were identified, stored in a cooler containing cold accumulatorâs and sent to the laboratory for analysis. The resistance profile of the different isolated strains was then sought: 30% of the samples were contaminated with Escherichia coli and 100% with Staphylococci. In terms of hygienic quality, 70% of the samples were of unsatisfactory. Of the 30 staphylococcal strains, 11 were identified as Staphylococcus aureus. Regarding the strain resistance profile, 88.89% of the Escherichia coli strains were multi-resistant compared to 72.72% of Staphylococcus aureus. This study revealed the necessity of urgent actions to ensure food safety in Benin
Pharmaceutical pollution of the world's rivers
Environmental exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can have negative effects on the health of ecosystems and humans. While numerous studies have monitored APIs in rivers, these employ different analytical methods, measure different APIs, and have ignored many of the countries of the world. This makes it difficult to quantify the scale of the problem from a global perspective. Furthermore, comparison of the existing data, generated for different studies/regions/continents, is challenging due to the vast differences between the analytical methodologies employed. Here, we present a global-scale study of API pollution in 258 of the world's rivers, representing the environmental influence of 471.4 million people across 137 geographic regions. Samples were obtained from 1,052 locations in 104 countries (representing all continents and 36 countries not previously studied for API contamination) and analyzed for 61 APIs. Highest cumulative API concentrations were observed in sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia, and South America. The most contaminated sites were in low- to middle-income countries and were associated with areas with poor wastewater and waste management infrastructure and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The most frequently detected APIs were carbamazepine, metformin, and caffeine (a compound also arising from lifestyle use), which were detected at over half of the sites monitored. Concentrations of at least one API at 25.7% of the sampling sites were greater than concentrations considered safe for aquatic organisms, or which are of concern in terms of selection for antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, pharmaceutical pollution poses a global threat to environmental and human health, as well as to delivery of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals