Approaches to Avoid Traditional Multidimensional Data Cube: A Survey

Data analysis is the growing need of the current era. Data analysis is not only restricted to business domain only. Advancement in the technology opens the door of technology to the every common person and hence data generation is increasing exponentially day by day. Incorporating such huge amount of data in the data analysis system is the big challenge. Handling variety of data is also the difficult issue. The numerous options are coming out to solve these problems. To support the decision making system, Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) is the more suitable option. OLAP uses the multidimensional data analysis approach of data analysis. OLAP includes the analysis of current data as well history data and also the aggregated or summary data. To handle the aggregated data traditionally data cube is used. This paper focuses on the various research techniques to enhance the performance of the data cube

Environmental pharmacology: an emerging science

With continuous rapid expansion of the human population there is escalating demand for resources, including human and veterinary pharmaceuticals. This has lead to rapid development of global pharmaceutical industry and with that increase in issues caused by pharmaceutical products. In recent years a great concern has been expressed over the occurrence and persistence of pharmaceutical products in the environment and their potential impact on environment. Owing to this the new branch of science called environmental pharmacology has sprouted. Environmental pharmacology deals with dispersion and impact of pharmaceutical products on environment. Solutions need to be suggested to save this only liveable planet from ill effects of these pharmaceutical products. This has given birth to the science of Ecopharmacovigilance (EPV)

Monitoring of hepatitis B virus surface antigen escape mutations and concomitant nucleostide analog resistance mutations in patients with chronic hepatitis B

Background: In hepatitis B virus (HBV), reverse transcriptase (RT) region of the polymerase P gene and surface S gene (HBsAg) are largely overlapped. Mutations in surface S gene may cause escape variants. In the present study, we aimed to study the prevalence and pattern of the typical HBsAg escape mutations and concomitant nucleos(t)ide analogue resistance mutation patterns in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Indian population.Methods: The present observational study was carried out from January 2021 to June 2022 with 156 known cases of CHB infection. Hepatitis B viral load quantitation was done followed by HBV genotyping and drug resistance detection by PCR and sequencing.Results: Out of 156 cases of CHB, HBsAg escape mutations were found in 50 (32.05%) patients. Genotype D was predominant (90%). Median viral load was 4.43×105 copies/ml. Total 128 HBsAg escape mutations of 46 different patterns were observed with overall prevalence of 29.49% (46/156) in CHB infected patients. The most common substitutions were sP127T (16.67%), sA128V (14.74%), sR122K (5.13%), sY134N (3.85%), sK141R (2.56%), sS143L (2.56%) and sT126INST (1.92%). Concomitant RT mutations were detected in 20 (40%) patients. Total 68 (43.59%) RT mutations of 18 different mutation characteristics were found conferring possible or confirmed resistance to nucleos(t)ide analogues.Conclusions: The emergence of drugs resistant mutants with alteration in ‘aa’ determinant of the S protein is of some concern. The development of novel nucleos(t)ide analogues with a high barrier to resistance is warranted.  National surveillance networks should be set up

Higher dimensional dust collapse with a cosmological constant

The general solution of the Einstein equation for higher dimensional (HD) spherically symmetric collapse of inhomogeneous dust in presence of a cosmological term, i.e., exact interior solutions of the Einstein field equations is presented for the HD Tolman-Bondi metrics imbedded in a de Sitter background. The solution is then matched to exterior HD Scwarschild-de Sitter. A brief discussion on the causal structure singularities and horizons is provided. It turns out that the collapse proceed in the same way as in the Minkowski background, i.e., the strong curvature naked singularities form and that the higher dimensions seem to favor black holes rather than naked singularities.Comment: 7 Pages, no figure

Future Opportunities for IoT to Support People with Parkinson’s

Recent years have seen an explosion of internet of things (IoT) technologies being released to the market. There has also been an emerging interest in the potentials of IoT devices to support people with chronic health conditions. In this paper, we describe the results of engagements to scope the future potentials of IoT for supporting people with Parkinson’s. We ran a 2-day multi-disciplinary event with professionals with expertise in Parkinson’s and IoT, to explore the opportunities, challenges and benefits. We then ran 4 workshops, engaging 13 people with Parkinson’s and caregivers, to scope out the needs, values and desires that the community has for utilizing IoT to monitor their symptoms. This work contributes a set of considerations for future IoT solutions that might support people with Parkinson’s in better understanding their condition, through the provision of objective measurements that correspond to their, currently unmeasured, subjective experiences

Structure of NaFeSiO4, NaFeSi2O6, and NaFeSi3O8 glasses and glass-ceramics

The crystallization of iron-containing sodium silicate phases holds particular importance, both in the management high-level nuclear wastes and in geosciences. Here, we study three asquenched glasses and their heat-treated chemical analogues, NaFeSiO4, NaFeSi2O6, and NaFeSi3O8 (with nominal stoichiometries from feldspathoid, pyroxene, and feldspar mineral groups – i.e., Si/Fe = 1, 2, and 3 respectively) – using a variety of techniques. Phase analyses revealed that as-quenched NaFeSiO4 cannot accommodate all Fe in the glass phase (some Fe crystallizes as Fe3O4), whereas as-quenched NaFeSi2O6 and NaFeSi3O8 form amorphous glasses upon quenching. NaFeSi2O6 glass is the only composition that crystallizes into its respective isochemical crystalline polymorph, i.e. aegirine, upon isothermal heat-treatment. As revealed by Mössbauer spectroscopy, iron is predominantly present as 4-coordinated Fe3+ in all glasses, though it is present as 6-coordinated Fe3+ in the aegirine crystals (NaFeSi2O6), as expected from crystallography. Thus, Fe can form the crystalline phases in which it is octahedrally coordinated, even though it is mostly tetrahedrally coordinated in the parent glasses. Thermal behavior, magnetic properties, iron redox state (including Fe K-edge X-ray absorption), and vibrational properties (Raman spectra) of the above compositions are discussed

A Review on Impact of Pegylation on Biopharmaceuticals

Covalent conjugation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules to biopharmaceutical molecules is known to increase the pharmacological and medicinal characteristics of proteins and other big molecules and has been utilized effectively in 12 authorized medications. PEG reagents with straight and branched chains up to 40 kDa were utilized with a variety of PEG derivatives with varied linker chemistries. This article discusses the characteristics of PEG, the history and evolution of  PEGylation chemistry, and examples of PEGylated pharmaceuticals with a proven track record. They prefer to employ bigger PEG polymers and complicated PEG structures, although they use extremely pure and well-characterized PEG reagents. The preclinical toxicity data for PEG in PEGylated biologics that have been authorized are summarised. Microscopically detected cell vacuolization in phagocytes, which is connected to the biological function of absorption and elimination of particles and macromolecules from blood and tissues. It's possible. Side effects in toxicity tests typically relate to the active moiety of the medicine, not the PEG moiety, according to experience with commercially available PEGylated pharmaceuticals