628 research outputs found
Ultraviolet light curves of U Geminorum and VW Hydri
Ultraviolet light curves were obtained for the quiescent dwarf novae U Gem and VW Hyi. The amplitude of the hump associated with the accretion hot spot is much smaller in the UV than in the visible. This implies that the bright spot temperature is roughly 12000 K if it is optically thick. The flux distribution of U Gem in quiescence cannot be fitted by model spectra of steady state, viscous accretion disks. The absolute luminosity, the flux distribution, and the far UV spectrum suggest that the primary star is visible in the far UV. The optical UV flux distribution of VW Hyi can be matched roughly by the model accretion disks
The 1981 outburst of the old nova GK Persei
Old nova GK Per was observed in 1981 with the IUE, during its rise, maximum, and subsequent return to minimum. In outburst, GK Per is luminous but much redder than dwarf novae or standard model accretion disks. The observed spectrum can be explained qualitatively with the Ghosh and Lamb (1979) model for the interaction of an accretion disk with the magnetic field of the accreting white dwarf. The N V and He2 are enhanced relative to other emission lines during outburst. This can be understood with photoionization by very soft X-rays having a luminosity comparable to that of the hard X-rays
Microwave Background Anisotropies and Nonlinear Structures I. Improved Theoretical Models
A new method is proposed for modelling spherically symmetric inhomogeneities
in the Universe. The inhomogeneities have finite size and are compensated, so
they do not exert any measurable gravitational force beyond their boundary. The
region exterior to the perturbation is represented by a
Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) Universe, which we use to study the anisotropy
in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) induced by the cluster. All
calculations are performed in a single, global coordinate system, with
nonlinear gravitational effects fully incorporated. An advantage of the gauge
choices employed here is that the resultant equations are essentially Newtonian
in form. Examination of the problem of specifying initial data shows that the
new model presented here has many advantages over `Swiss cheese' and other
models. Numerical implementation of the equations derived here is described in
a subsequent paper.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures; Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society (MNRAS), in pres
Demographic parameters of reintroduced grey partridges in central Italy and the effect of weather
International audienceGrey partridge populations declined in Europe from mid-1950s onwards mostly due to modifications of agricultural cropping. In Italy, the decline was even more dramatic because of over-hunting and restocking with allochthonous birds. We carried out a research on a re-introduced population in Central Italy from 1995 to 2005, with the aim of evaluating the reintroduction success and separating the intrinsic and external factors influencing year-to-year changes in partridge density with particular respect to the weather. Average spring density was 4.5 pairs per square kilometre (SDâ=â1.52); our population reached a peak few years after the reintroduction and then declined. Brood production rate was close to that of declining European populations (average 33.9%; SDâ=â10.21), and chick survival rate (average 40%; =â17.61) determined the change of breeding abundance from year to year +â1. Our population seemed to be mainly affected by brood production and chick survival rates and by the weather; in particular, higher early winter and spring temperatures increased breeding density whilst higher early summer temperatures decreased brood production rate
Microwave background anisotropies and non-linear structures II. Numerical computations
A new method for modelling spherically symmetric inhomogeneities is applied
to the formation of clusters in an expanding Universe. We impose simple initial
velocity and density perturbations of finite extent and we investigate the
subsequent evolution of the density field. Photon paths are also calculated,
allowing a detailed consideration of gravitational lensing effects and
microwave background anisotropies induced by the cluster. We apply the method
to modelling high-redshift clusters and, in particular, we consider the
reported microwave decrement observed towards the quasar pair PC1643+4631 A&B.
We also consider the effect on the primordial microwave background power
spectrum due to gravitational lensing by a population of massive high-redshift
clusters.Comment: 15 pages, 23 figures; Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society (MNRAS), in pres
B-Cell Activating Factor Secreted by Neutrophils Is a Critical Player in Lung Inflammation to Cigarette Smoke Exposure.
Cigarette smoke (CS) is the major cause of chronic lung injuries, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In patients with severe COPD, tertiary lymphoid follicles containing B lymphocytes and B cell-activating factor (BAFF) overexpression are associated with disease severity. In addition, BAFF promotes adaptive immunity in smokers and mice chronically exposed to CS. However, the role of BAFF in the early phase of innate immunity has never been investigated. We acutely exposed C57BL/6J mice to CS and show early BAFF expression in the bronchoalveolar space and lung tissue that correlates to airway neutrophil and macrophage influx. Immunostaining analysis revealed that neutrophils are the major source of BAFF. We confirmed in vitro that neutrophils secrete BAFF in response to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) stimulation. Antibody-mediated neutrophil depletion significantly dampens lung inflammation to CS exposure but only partially decreases BAFF expression in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar space suggesting additional sources of BAFF. Importantly, BAFF deficient mice displayed decreased airway neutrophil recruiting chemokines and neutrophil influx while the addition of exogenous BAFF significantly enhanced this CS-induced neutrophilic inflammation. This demonstrates that BAFF is a key proinflammatory cytokine and that innate immune cells in particular neutrophils, are an unconsidered source of BAFF in early stages of CS-induced innate immunity
Inflationary Perturbations: the Cosmological Schwinger Effect
This pedagogical review aims at presenting the fundamental aspects of the
theory of inflationary cosmological perturbations of quantum-mechanical origin.
The analogy with the well-known Schwinger effect is discussed in detail and a
systematic comparison of the two physical phenomena is carried out. In
particular, it is demonstrated that the two underlying formalisms differ only
up to an irrelevant canonical transformation. Hence, the basic physical
mechanisms at play are similar in both cases and can be reduced to the
quantization of a parametric oscillator leading to particle creation due to the
interaction with a classical source: pair production in vacuum is therefore
equivalent to the appearance of a growing mode for the cosmological
fluctuations. The only difference lies in the nature of the source: an electric
field in the case of the Schwinger effect and the gravitational field in the
case of inflationary perturbations. Although, in the laboratory, it is
notoriously difficult to produce an electric field such that pairs extracted
from the vacuum can be detected, the gravitational field in the early universe
can be strong enough to lead to observable effects that ultimately reveal
themselves as temperature fluctuations in the Cosmic Microwave Background.
Finally, the question of how quantum cosmological perturbations can be
considered as classical is discussed at the end of the article.Comment: 49 pages, 6 figures, to appear in a LNP volume "Inflationary
Cosmology
The No-defect Conjecture: Cosmological Implications
When the topology of the universe is non trivial, it has been shown that
there are constraints on the network of domain walls, cosmic strings and
monopoles. I generalize these results to textures and study the cosmological
implications of such constraints. I conclude that a large class of
multi-connected universes with topological defects accounting for structure
formation are ruled out by observation of the cosmic microwave background.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication as a brief report in
Phys. Rev.
Generating --cosmologies with perfect fluid in dilaton gravity
We present a method for generating exact diagonal -cosmological
solutions in dilaton gravity coupled to a radiation perfect fluid and with a
cosmological potential of a special type. The method is based on the symmetry
group of the system of -field equations. Several new classes of explicit
exact inhomogeneous perfect fluid scalar-tensor cosmologies are presented.Comment: 10 pages, LaTe
Sherlock Holmes and the Nazis: Fifth Columnists and the Peopleâs War in Anglo-American Cinema, 1942-1943
- âŠ