Existential Neuropsychology: A Science of Making Values

In neurorehabilitation and restoration of motor functions, there are Vygotsky–Luria’s line and Leontiev–Zaporozhets’ line that are obviously connected, but their connection isn’t articulated enough. Their point of convergence dates back to mid 1940s, but since then the development of the two lines was largely parallel. And the missing link is Nikolay Bernshtein’s non-classical biology of purposeful activity. Both lines are intrinsically based on his predictive explanatory framework, with the central role of task set in movement construction, which, in turn, determines the hierarchy of levels where backward reafference (‘sensory corrections’) takes place. Current neurorehabilitation disregards the Bernsteinian idea of the central role of values and meanings in the recovery of movements, which opposes neurorehabilitation as training, or instruction, to neurorehabilitation as guidance, the latter relevant to Leontiev’s ‘personal meaning’ problem. Neurorehabilitation as guidance is generation of the personal meaning, or ‘making values’, allowing to overcome bounds perceived as insuperable, the idea that brings it together with existential psychology and existential psychotherapy. Keywords: rehabilitation, task set, value, image of the desired future, physiology of activity, existential neuropsychology, personal meanin

Антропология повседневности: трансформации поведения людей в условиях технологических и социальных перемен

Original manuscript received September 15, 2020. Revised manuscript accepted October 01, 2020. First published online February 08, 2021.The article uses an approach of romantic psychology developed by Alexander Luria to reflect on the changes in education and everyday consciousness as a result of technological and social-historical transformations of the way of life. It focuses on the fact that the pandemic has become a catalyst for the emergence of blended education. The article discusses the role of cultural-historical psychology in the elaboration of variable education as an expansion of opportunities for personality development. Reasons for repressions of psychological science in totalitarian systems that suppress various manifestations of social and psychological diversity are interpreted.В статье с позиций романтической психологии Александра Лурия анализируются изменения образования и обыденного сознания, возникающие в условиях технологических и социально-исторических трансформаций образа жизни. Акцентируется внимание на том, что пандемия стала катализатором появления «смешанного образования». Обсуждается роль культурно-исторической психологии в проектировании вариативного образования как расширения возможностей развития личности. Интерпретируются причины репрессий психологической науки в тоталитарных системах

Molecular epidemiology and prevalence of mutations conferring rifampicin and isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from the southern Ukraine

Understanding the molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) and mutations in genes associated with drug resistance may contribute to the development of appropriate interventions to improve tuberculosis control. A structured questionnaire was used to collect basic epidemiological data from 589 patients with radiologically confirmed TB in the Odessa and Nikolaev regions of the Ukraine in 2003–2004. A non-commercial reverse hybridisation assay and DNA sequencing were used to detect mutations associated with rifampicin and isoniazid resistance. Genotyping was performed using multilocus variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) typing and spoligotyping. Mutations conferring rifampicin and isoniazid resistance were detected in 32.9% and 44.0%, respectively, of 225 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from individual consecutive patients. Mutations in codon 531 and codon 315 of the rpoB and katG genes, respectively, were predominant among drug-resistant isolates. Multidrug (MDR) resistance rates were significantly higher among former prison inmates compared with non-prisoners (54.8% vs. 27.3%; RR 2.01; 95% CI 1.35–2.97) and the prevalence of mutations was higher in Beijing strains sharing the VNTR signature 223325173533424 than in other Beijing strains (71.4% vs. 45.7%; RR 1.74; 95% CI 1.17–2.57), suggesting that this group may be responsible for rapid transmission of MDR TB in the southern Ukraine

Применение липофлавона в комплексном лечении хронических обструктивных заболеваний легких

Применение липофлавона в комплексном лечении хронических обструктивных заболеваний легки

Микроальбуминурия как индикатор первичных почечных нарушений при туберкулезе легких

За последние годы увеличилось количество пациентов с генерализованными формами туберкулеза, с проявлениями токсического поражения различных органов и систем, в том числе и почек. Цель работы – определить клинико-диагностическое значение микроальбуминурии (МАУ) в развитии первичных нарушений в почках и ее связь с полиморфизмом генов детоксикации при туберкулезе легких. Обследовано 123 больных впервые диагностированным туберкулезом легких. При поступлении в стационар у больных в 46,3% случаев отмечено повышение уровня общего белка в моче и в 82,3% случаев - повышение уровня МАУ. Это свидетельствует о достаточно высокой чувствительности метода определения МАУ, характерного для ранних нарушений выделительной функции почек. Генотипы NAT2 гомозиготы, del GSTM1, del GSTT1и наличие аллеля NAT2*2*5 могут быть эндогенными факторами риска развития ранних почечных нарушений. Больным туберкулезом легких с повышенным уровнем МАУ, обусловленным изучаемыми вариантами генотипов для профилактики почечной недостаточности с момента поступления в стационар рекомендована коррекция противотуберкулезной терапии и применение ренопротекторов.Микроальбуминурия как индикатор первичных почечных нарушений при туберкулезе легки

Non-Newtonian Couette-Poiseuille flow of a dilute gas

The steady state of a dilute gas enclosed between two infinite parallel plates in relative motion and under the action of a uniform body force parallel to the plates is considered. The Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook model kinetic equation is analytically solved for this Couette-Poiseuille flow to first order in the force and for arbitrary values of the Knudsen number associated with the shear rate. This allows us to investigate the influence of the external force on the non-Newtonian properties of the Couette flow. Moreover, the Couette-Poiseuille flow is analyzed when the shear-rate Knudsen number and the scaled force are of the same order and terms up to second order are retained. In this way, the transition from the bimodal temperature profile characteristic of the pure force-driven Poiseuille flow to the parabolic profile characteristic of the pure Couette flow through several intermediate stages in the Couette-Poiseuille flow are described. A critical comparison with the Navier-Stokes solution of the problem is carried out.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figures; v2: discussion on boundary conditions added; 10 additional references. Published in a special issue of the journal "Kinetic and Related Models" dedicated to the memory of Carlo Cercignan

Normal solutions of the Boltzmann equation for highly nonequilibrium Fourier flow and Couette flow

The state of a single-species monatomic gas from near-equilibrium to highly nonequilibrium conditions is investigated using analytical and numerical methods. Normal solutions of the Boltzmann equation for Fourier flow (uniform heat flux) and Couette flow (uniform shear stress) are found in terms of the heat-flux and shear-stress Knudsen numbers. Analytical solutions are found for inverse-power-law molecules from hard-sphere through Maxwell at small Knudsen numbers using Chapman-Enskog (CE) theory and for Maxwell molecules at finite Knudsen numbers using a moment-hierarchy (MH) method. Corresponding numerical solutions are obtained using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method of Bird. The thermal conductivity, the viscosity, and the Sonine-polynomial coefficients of the velocity distribution function from DSMC agree with CE results at small Knudsen numbers and with MH results at finite Knudsen numbers. Subtle differences between inverse-power-law, variable-soft-sphere, and variable-hard-sphere representations of Maxwell molecules are observed. The MH and DSMC results both indicate that the effective thermal conductivity and the effective viscosity for Maxwell molecules are independent of the heat-flux Knudsen number, and additional DSMC simulations indicate that these transport properties for hard-sphere molecules decrease slightly as the heat-flux Knudsen number is increased. Similarly, the MH and DSMC results indicate that the effective thermal conductivity and the effective viscosity for Maxwell molecules decrease as the shear-stress Knudsen number is increased, and additional DSMC simulations indicate the same behavior for hard-sphere molecules. These results provide strong evidence that the DSMC method can be used to determine the state of a gas under highly nonequilibrium conditionsComment: 33 pages (preprint format) + 15 figures + 3 tables; to be published in Physics of Fluids; v2: Abstract in the abstract web page has been corrected, but otherwise the paper remains the same as in v

A comparative study of legitimation strategies in hybrid regimes

The Institutions of Politics; Design, Workings, and implications ( do not use, ended 1-1-2020