Processing of basalt fiber production waste

The production of mineral rock wool forms a large proportion of off-test waste products. In addition to the cost of their production, there are costs for processing and utilization, such as transportation, disposal and preservation. Besides, wastes have harmful effect on the environment. This necessitates research aimed to study the stress-related characteristics of materials, their recyclability and use in the production of heat-saving product

Impact of hexenuronic acids on hylanase-aided bio-bleaching of chemical pulps

Hexenuronic acids (HexA) of hemicellulosic heteroxylan were shown to play important role in brightness development of chemical pulps during xylanase-aided bio-bleaching. Industrial wood (eucalypt) kraft pulp and a few non-wood (giant reed) organosolv pulps were pre-treated with commercial xylanase preparations (endo-1,4-b-xylanase activity; EC 3.2.1.8) and bleached by simplified bleaching sequence. The HexA performance was examined and compared with control (enzyme-free) samples. The xylanase- assisted direct brightening effect, noted immediately after an enzymatic stage, was proved to be caused by exclusive HexA removal with solubilized HexA-carrying xylooligosaccharide fractions. Aldohexa- and aldopentahexenuronic acids (Xyl5-HexA and Xyl4-HexA) were found as predominant oligosaccharides, accounting for up to 65% of total acidic oligomers in enzymatic hydrolyzates. A strong positive correlation (R2 = 0.91) was established between further brightness improvement of xylanase-treated pulps during subsequent chemical bleaching (bleach boosting) and the content of HexA. This underlined the role of HexA as one of the key factors in definition of final brightness of bio-bleached pulps, determining to a large extent the bleaching efficiency of xylanase application as a whol

Polyoxometalate catalyzed ozonation of chemical pulps in organic solvent media

Polyoxometalate (POM) catalyzed ozonation of chemical pulps in organic solvent media was found to be particularly effective and selective environmentally benign bleaching approach providing a way for substantial increase in pulp brightness, viscosity and degree of delignification in comparison with other ozone-based bleaching techniques. A series of tested low-boiling polar aprotic and protic organic solvents showed awell-defined capacity for ozonation improvement in the presence of Keggin-type heteropolyanion [PMo7V5O40]8− (HPA-5). Even moderate solvent proportion of 6% (w/w) in the reaction solution caused additional gain in brightness up to 3.4% ISO with simultaneous increase in pulp viscosity up to 8.8% and lignin removal up to 18.9% after HPA-5 catalyzed ozonation (0.8% O3; 0.5mMHPA), as compared with the control solvent-free process. An aqueous acetone solutionwas found to be the preferred reaction medium in terms of pulp brightening and delignification. Under optimized conditions, the POM-catalyzed ozonation of eucalypt kraft pulp in acetone/water solution showed remarkable brightness improvement by 15.1% ISO with additional lignin removal by 39.4% and increase in intrinsic viscosity by 3% in comparison with pulp bleached in water medi

A Nuclear Spin Selective Control over the DNA Repair Key Enzyme Might Renovate the Cancer–Fight Paradigm. DNA Polymerase Beta to Engage with a Magnetic Isotope Effect

DNA Polymerase Beta (EC 2.7.7.7) is found to be operated by magnetic isotope effect (MIE) of Calcium once the Mg2+ ions replaced with the stable 43Ca2+ isotopes inside the enzyme catalytic sites. The isotope mentioned is the only paramagnetic species of the Calcium isotopic set with a 0.135 natural abundance value and the negative 7/2 nuclear spin providing a nuclear magnetic moment equal to 1.317 Bohr magnetons. As compared to the Mg/40Ca substitution, a 2.25-fold enzyme inhibition has been shown to provethe43Ca-MIE dependent mode of the catalysis turning down.An ion-radical mechanism based on the singlet – triplet conversion of the enzyme generated intermediates (ion-radical pairs) is found to be engaged once the paramagnetic metal isotope involved into the catalysis studied.The MIE promotes a primary reaction in DNA synthesis constituting in electron transfer between the ion – radical forming partners, [Ca(H2O)n2+] and [Ca2+(dNTP)]. Once the metal isotope substitution takes place inside just one of two DNA Polymerase Beta catalytic sites, a consequent43Ca – promoted inhibition leads to a residual synthesis of shorted DNA fragments that counts 25 – 35 nucleotides in length contrasting with the 180n – 210n DNA produced by either intact or40Ca – loaded polymerase. Being occurred simultaneously with a marked MIE – promoted enzyme inhibition, this fact itself makes possible to consider these short (“size-invalidâ€) DNA segments hardly efficient in the DNA base – excision repair. The latter is a survival factor in leukemic cells where the DNApolβ was found overexpressed. That supports a standpoint considering theDNApolβ a legitimate target for antitumor agents since its inhibition deprives the malignant cell from a DNA base – excision repair in neoplasma. A possible trend making role of these data in the current developments on a novel concept - establishing chemical background for cancer therapies is in a focus

Probe microscopy in the study of the process of template synthesis

This work was supported by the Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations (Agreement No 007-ГЗ/Ч3363/26). The authors thank O.Rybalko (MIEM) and V.Lavrentiev (INP, Rezh, Czech Republic) for their assistance in conducting the experiments

Simplified method of linking raster image points of Earth remote sensing satellites to geographical coordinates

In article the simplified method of definition of a binding pixels raster picture to geographical coordinates in multichannel satellite imageries of the remote sensing (RS) of Earth is described. It is assumed that the picture is a rectangular raster with dimensions of the coating area on the surface of the Earth within the limits of the first hundred kilometers, obtained when the direction of shooting is deviated from nadir within the limits of the first degrees. At the same time the corner points of the screen have reference to geographical coordinates of sufficient accuracy. It is required to bind each raster pixel to a point on the Earth's surface, that is, to constrain the column and row of the raster pixel to the geographical latitude and longitude of the corresponding point. This paper proposes a simplified universal method, without some of the disadvantages inherent in standard methods of solving the problem. It is based on considering the geometric features raster and the area of the Earth surface covers it

INTEGRATION OF THE FOOD INDUSTRY AND RELATED SECTORS BASED ON THE CLUSTER APPROACH

In a diversified agro-industrial complex structure of the Voronezh region there are more than 200 enterprises of food and processing industry. However, due to the growth disparity in prices for agricultural and industrial products, the collapse of a single process has been a sharp decline in the production of final products of agribusiness. In the conditions of Russia's accession to the WTO and the growth in this regard competition in the market of raw materials and finished products, problems of high relevance of search for effective strategies for the development of the food industry. The emphasis of these reforms should be a priori biased towards the crea tion of favorable conditions for the formation of optimal institutional innovation structures and prospects of development of the national agro-food system at all levels. In this regard, the formation of institutional models of integration in the agricultural sector, we regard the system approach, where the newly created integrated structure is defined as a social institution, characterized by composition, structure, objectives, functions, internal and external bounding box defined inputs and outputs. Under these conditions, there is a need to develop partnerships and coo peration between enterprises of the technological chain of the final product agribusiness, finds its expression in a variety of forms, one of which is the formation of clusters, creating the conditions for effective interaction of producers of raw materials and finished products, research and educational institutions, service infrastructure of organizations and representatives of other areas to ensure. However, the analysis showed that, across a variety of alternative strategies for the development of the food industry, the most optimal in today's economic conditions appear to integration strategies that involve the union of disparate market participants on the principles of economic integr ation, which results in a synergy by eliminating irrational mediation

Роль налога на имущество организаций в структуре налоговых поступлений в разрезе регионов и видов экономической деятельности

The subject of the study is the revenues from the corporate property tax in the context of types of economic activity and regions. The purpose of the study is to determine the role of corporate property tax in the structure of tax revenues in terms of economic activity to identify areas for potential growth of revenues from this tax and determine the fiscal and economic consequences of the transition to the cadastral valuation of real estate with the appropriate development of proposals to improve the taxation of real estate. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the article is devoted to a little researched topic — analysis of property taxation in the Russian Federation in the economic activity context. The main method of research is the calculation of indicators characterizing the structure and dynamics of the corporate property tax and other property taxes, analysis and synthesis of the obtained results and their inter-sectoral comparison. As a result, a comprehensive view of the situation with the tax on the property of organizations in the context of economic activity is presented, which serves as a basis for finding bottlenecks in this part, identifying the factors that hinder the expansion of property taxation and other promising areas for research in this area. The interpretation of the obtained results in terms of the role of corporate property tax and other property taxes at different levels of the budget system should be attributed to the main conclusions. The cross-section allowed us to identify points for the potential growth of tax revenues from the corporate property tax in terms of objects, for which the tax base is the cadastral value.Предметом исследования являются поступления по налогу на имущество организаций в разрезе видов экономической деятельности и регионов. Цель работы — определение роли налога на имущество организаций в структуре налоговых поступлений в разрезе видов экономической деятельности для выявления направлений потенциального роста поступлений по этому налогу и определения фискальных и экономических последствий перехода к кадастровой оценке недвижимости с соответствующей разработкой предложений по совершенствованию налогообложения объектов недвижимости. Актуальность работы обусловлена малоисследованной тематикой в России — анализу имущественного налогообложения в отраслевом разрезе. Основным методом исследования является расчет показателей, характеризующих структуру и динамику налога на имущество организаций и других имущественных налогов, анализ и синтез полученных результатов и их межотраслевое сравнение. В результате представлен комплексный взгляд на ситуацию с налогом на имущество организаций в разрезе отраслей, что служит основой для нахождения узких мест в этой части, выявления факторов, препятствующих расширению имущественного налогообложения и других перспективных направлений для исследования в этой области. К основным выводам следует отнести интерпретацию полученных результатов в части роли налога на имущество организаций и других имущественных налогов на разных уровнях бюджетной системы. Отраслевой разрез позволил определить точки для потенциального роста налоговых поступлений по налогу на имущество организаций в части объектов, для которых налоговой базой является кадастровая стоимость

High-Quality p-n Junctions with Quaternary AlInGaN/InGaN Quantum Wells

We report on quaternary AlInGaN/InGaN multiple quantum well(MQW)light emitting diode structures grown on sapphire substrates. The structures demonstrate high quality of the p–njunctions with quaternary MQW. At low forward bias (below 2 V), the temperature dependent of current–voltage characteristics are exponential with the ideality factor of 2.28, which is in a good agreement with the model of the injected carrier recombination in the space charge region. This ideality factor value is approximately three times lower than for conventional GaN/InGaN light emitting diodes(LEDs). The obtained data indicate the recombination in p–njunction space charge region to be responsible for a current transport in LED structures with quaternary quantum wells. This is in contrast to InGaN based LEDs, where carrier tunneling dominates either because of high doping of the active layer or due to the high density of localized states