Four millennia of Iberian biomolecular prehistory illustrate the impact of prehistoric migrations at the far end of Eurasia

Population genomic studies of ancient human remains have shown how modern-day European population structure has been shaped by a number of prehistoric migrations. The Neolithization of Europe has been associated with large-scale migrations from Anatolia, which was followed by migrations of herders from the Pontic steppe at the onset of the Bronze Age. Southwestern Europe was one of the last parts of the continent reached by these migrations, and modern-day populations from this region show intriguing similarities to the initial Neolithic migrants. Partly due to climatic conditions that are unfavorable for DNA preservation, regional studies on the Mediterranean remain challenging. Here, we present genome-wide sequence data from 13 individuals combined with stable isotope analysis from the north and south of Iberia covering a four-millennial temporal transect (7, 500–3, 500 BP). Early Iberian farmers and Early Central European farmers exhibit significant genetic differences, suggesting two independent fronts of the Neolithic expansion. The first Neolithic migrants that arrived in Iberia had low levels of genetic diversity, potentially reflecting a small number of individuals; this diversity gradually increased over time from mixing with local hunter-gatherers and potential population expansion. The impact of post-Neolithic migrations on Iberia was much smaller than for the rest of the continent, showing little external influence from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age. Paleodietary reconstruction shows that these populations have a remarkable degree of dietary homogeneity across space and time, suggesting a strong reliance on terrestrial food resources despite changing culture and genetic make-up

Who settles for less? Subjective dispositions, objective circumstances, and housing satisfaction

In recent years there has been growing interest in individuals’ self-perceptions of their wellbeing on the grounds that these complement well-established objective indicators of welfare. However, individuals’ assessments depend on both objective circumstances and subjective, idiosyncratic dispositions, such as aspirations and expectations. We add to the literature by formulating a modelling strategy that uncovers how these subjective dispositions differ across socio-demographic groups. This is then tested using housing satisfaction data from a large-scale household panel survey from Australia. We find that there are significant differences in the way in which individuals with different characteristics rate the same objective reality. For instance, male, older, migrant, and Indigenous individuals rate equal housing conditions more favourably than female, younger, Australian-born, and non-Indigenous individuals. These findings have important implications for how self-reported housing satisfaction, and wellbeing data in general, are to be used to inform evidence-based policy

Absorbing customer knowledge: how customer involvement enables service design success

Customers are a knowledge resource outside of the firm that can be utilized for new service success by involving them in the design process. However, existing research on the impact of customer involvement (CI) is inconclusive. Knowledge about customers’ needs and on how best to serve these needs (articulated in the service concept) is best obtained from customers themselves. However, codesign runs the risk of losing control of the service concept. This research argues that of the processes of external knowledge, acquisition (via CI), customer knowledge assimilation, and concept transformation form a capability that enables the firm to exploit customer knowledge in the form of a successful new service. Data from a survey of 126 new service projects show that the impact of CI on new service success is fully mediated by customer knowledge assimilation (the deep understanding of customers’ latent needs) and concept transformation (the modification of the service concept due to customer insights). However, its impact is more nuanced. CI exhibits an “∩”-shaped relationship with transformation, indicating there is a limit to the beneficial effect of CI. Its relationship with assimilation is “U” shaped, suggesting a problem with cognitive inertia where initial learnings are ignored. Customer knowledge assimilation directly impacts success, while concept transformation only helps success in the presence of resource slack. An evolving new service design is only beneficial if the firm has the flexibility to adapt to change

Amniotic band syndrome and limb body wall complex in Europe 1980–2019

Amniotic band syndrome (ABS) and limb body wall complex (LBWC) have an overlapping phenotype of multiple congenital anomalies and their etiology is unknown. We aimed to determine the prevalence of ABS and LBWC in Europe from 1980 to 2019 and to describe the spectrum of congenital anomalies. In addition, we investigated maternal age and multiple birth as possible risk factors for the occurrence of ABS and LBWC. We used data from the European surveillance of congenital anomalies (EUROCAT) network including data from 30 registries over 1980–2019. We included all pregnancy outcomes, including live births, stillbirths, and terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomalies. ABS and LBWC cases were extracted from the central EUROCAT database using coding information responses from the registries. In total, 866 ABS cases and 451 LBWC cases were included in this study. The mean prevalence was 0.53/10,000 births for ABS and 0.34/10,000 births for LBWC during the 40 years. Prevalence of both ABS and LBWC was lower in the 1980s and higher in the United Kingdom. Limb anomalies and neural tube defects were commonly seen in ABS, whereas in LBWC abdominal and thoracic wall defects and limb anomalies were most prevalent. Twinning was confirmed as a risk factor for both ABS and LBWC. This study includes the largest cohort of ABS and LBWC cases ever reported over a large time period using standardized EUROCAT data. Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and the phenotypic spectrum are described, and twinning is confirmed as a risk factor.publishedVersio

Thermospermine catabolism increases Arabidopsis thaliana resistance to Pseudomonas viridiflava

This work investigated the roles of the tetraamine thermospermine (TSpm) by analysing its contribution to Arabidopsis basal defence against the biotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas viridiflava. The participation of polyamine oxidases (PAOs) in TSpm homeostasis and TSpm-mediated defence was also investigated. Exogenous supply of TSpm, as well as ectopic expression of the TSpm biosynthetic gene ACL5, increased Arabidopsis Col-0 resistance to P. viridiflava, while null acl5 mutants were less resistant than Col-0 plants. The above-mentioned increase in resistance was blocked by the PAO inhibitor SL-11061, thus demonstrating the participation of TSpm oxidation. Analysis of PAO genes expression in transgenic 35S::ACL5 and Col-0 plants supplied with TSpm suggests that PAO 1, 3, and 5 are the main PAOs involved in TSpm catabolism. In summary, TSpm exhibited the potential to perform defensive functions previously reported for its structural isomer Spm, and the relevance of these findings is discussed in the context of ACL5 expression and TSpm concentration in planta. Moreover, this work demonstrates that manipulation of TSpm metabolism modifies plant resistance to pathogens.The gift of SL-11061 by Dr Frydman (SLIL Biomedical Corporation, Madison, WI) is greatly appreciated. This work was supported by Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Argentina (PIP 5740, PIP 0395), Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica, Argentina (PICT 1119, ANPCYT), Universidad Nacional de General San Martin, Argentina (SJ10/30), Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Spain (BIO2011-23828), and Fundacion Carolina (postdoctoral fellowship to MM). MM, FLP, and OAR are members of the Research Career of CONICET.Marina, M.; Vera Sirera, FJ.; Rambla Nebot, JL.; Gonzalez, ME.; Blazquez Rodriguez, MA.; Carbonell Gisbert, J.; Pieckenstain, FL.... (2013). Thermospermine catabolism increases Arabidopsis thaliana resistance to Pseudomonas viridiflava. Journal of Experimental Botany. 64(5):1393-1402. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ert012S13931402645Alonso, J. M. (2003). Genome-Wide Insertional Mutagenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana. Science, 301(5633), 653-657. doi:10.1126/science.1086391Alippi, A. M., Dal Bo, E., Ronco, L. B., Lopez, M. V., Lopez, A. C., & Aguilar, O. M. (2003). Pseudomonas populations causing pith necrosis of tomato and pepper in Argentina are highly diverse. Plant Pathology, 52(3), 287-302. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3059.2003.00850.xAngelini, R., Bragaloni, M., Federico, R., Infantino, A., & Porta-Pugua, A. (1993). Involvement of Polyamines, Diamine Oxidase and Peroxidase in Resistance of Chickpea to Ascochyta rabiei. Journal of Plant Physiology, 142(6), 704-709. doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(11)80906-5Clough, S. J., & Bent, A. F. (1998). Floral dip: a simplified method forAgrobacterium-mediated transformation ofArabidopsis thaliana. The Plant Journal, 16(6), 735-743. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00343.xCona, A., Rea, G., Angelini, R., Federico, R., & Tavladoraki, P. (2006). Functions of amine oxidases in plant development and defence. Trends in Plant Science, 11(2), 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2005.12.009Fincato, P., Moschou, P. N., Spedaletti, V., Tavazza, R., Angelini, R., Federico, R., … Tavladoraki, P. (2010). Functional diversity inside the Arabidopsis polyamine oxidase gene family. Journal of Experimental Botany, 62(3), 1155-1168. doi:10.1093/jxb/erq341Gonzalez, M. E., Marco, F., Minguet, E. G., Carrasco-Sorli, P., Blázquez, M. A., Carbonell, J., … Pieckenstain, F. L. (2011). Perturbation of spermine synthase Gene Expression and Transcript Profiling Provide New Insights on the Role of the Tetraamine Spermine in Arabidopsis Defense against Pseudomonas viridiflava. Plant Physiology, 156(4), 2266-2277. doi:10.1104/pp.110.171413Hanzawa, Y., Imai, A., Michael, A. J., Komeda, Y., & Takahashi, T. (2002). Characterization of the spermidine synthase-related gene family inArabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Letters, 527(1-3), 176-180. doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03217-9Hanzawa, Y. (2000). ACAULIS5, an Arabidopsis gene required for stem elongation, encodes a spermine synthase. The EMBO Journal, 19(16), 4248-4256. doi:10.1093/emboj/19.16.4248Igarashi, K., & Kashiwagi, K. (2000). Polyamines: Mysterious Modulators of Cellular Functions. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 271(3), 559-564. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.2601Imai, A., Akiyama, T., Kato, T., Sato, S., Tabata, S., Yamamoto, K. T., & Takahashi, T. (2003). Spermine is not essential for survival of Arabidopsis. FEBS Letters, 556(1-3), 148-152. doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(03)01395-4Imai, A. (2006). The dwarf phenotype of the Arabidopsis acl5 mutant is suppressed by a mutation in an upstream ORF of a bHLH gene. Development, 133(18), 3575-3585. doi:10.1242/dev.02535Jakob, K., Goss, E. M., Araki, H., Van, T., Kreitman, M., & Bergelson, J. (2002). Pseudomonas viridiflavaandP. syringae—Natural Pathogens ofArabidopsis thaliana. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 15(12), 1195-1203. doi:10.1094/mpmi.2002.15.12.1195Kakehi, J. -i., Kuwashiro, Y., Niitsu, M., & Takahashi, T. (2008). Thermospermine is Required for Stem Elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant and Cell Physiology, 49(9), 1342-1349. doi:10.1093/pcp/pcn109Kamada-Nobusada, T., Hayashi, M., Fukazawa, M., Sakakibara, H., & Nishimura, M. (2008). A Putative Peroxisomal Polyamine Oxidase, AtPAO4, is Involved in Polyamine Catabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant and Cell Physiology, 49(9), 1272-1282. doi:10.1093/pcp/pcn114Knott, J. M., Römer, P., & Sumper, M. (2007). Putative spermine synthases fromThalassiosira pseudonanaandArabidopsis thalianasynthesize thermospermine rather than spermine. FEBS Letters, 581(16), 3081-3086. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2007.05.074Maiale, S. J., Marina, M., Sánchez, D. H., Pieckenstain, F. L., & Ruiz, O. A. (2008). In vitro and in vivo inhibition of plant polyamine oxidase activity by polyamine analogues. Phytochemistry, 69(14), 2552-2558. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.07.003Marina, M., Maiale, S. J., Rossi, F. R., Romero, M. F., Rivas, E. I., Gárriz, A., … Pieckenstain, F. L. (2008). Apoplastic Polyamine Oxidation Plays Different Roles in Local Responses of Tobacco to Infection by the Necrotrophic Fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the Biotrophic Bacterium Pseudomonas viridiflava. Plant Physiology, 147(4), 2164-2178. doi:10.1104/pp.108.122614Marini, F., Betti, L., Scaramagli, S., Biondi, S., & Torrigiani, P. (2001). Polyamine metabolism is upregulated in response to tobacco mosaic virus in hypersensitive, but not in susceptible, tobacco. New Phytologist, 149(2), 301-309. doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00017.xMinguet, E. G., Vera-Sirera, F., Marina, A., Carbonell, J., & Blazquez, M. A. (2008). Evolutionary Diversification in Polyamine Biosynthesis. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 25(10), 2119-2128. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn161Mitsuya, Y., Takahashi, Y., Berberich, T., Miyazaki, A., Matsumura, H., Takahashi, H., … Kusano, T. (2009). Spermine signaling plays a significant role in the defense response of Arabidopsis thaliana to cucumber mosaic virus. Journal of Plant Physiology, 166(6), 626-643. doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2008.08.006Mitsuya, Y., Takahashi, Y., Uehara, Y., Berberich, T., Miyazaki, A., Takahashi, H., & Kusano, T. (2007). Identification of a novel Cys2/His2-type zinc-finger protein as a component of a spermine-signaling pathway in tobacco. Journal of Plant Physiology, 164(6), 785-793. doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2006.05.011Møller, S. G., & McPherson, M. J. (1998). Developmental expression and biochemical analysis of the Arabidopsis atao1 gene encoding an H 2 O 2 ‐generating diamine oxidase. The Plant Journal, 13(6), 781-791. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00080.xMoschou, P. N., Sarris, P. F., Skandalis, N., Andriopoulou, A. H., Paschalidis, K. A., Panopoulos, N. J., & Roubelakis-Angelakis, K. A. (2009). Engineered Polyamine Catabolism Preinduces Tolerance of Tobacco to Bacteria and Oomycetes. Plant Physiology, 149(4), 1970-1981. doi:10.1104/pp.108.134932Muniz, L., Minguet, E. G., Singh, S. K., Pesquet, E., Vera-Sirera, F., Moreau-Courtois, C. L., … Tuominen, H. (2008). ACAULIS5 controls Arabidopsis xylem specification through the prevention of premature cell death. Development, 135(15), 2573-2582. doi:10.1242/dev.019349Murashige, T., & Skoog, F. (1962). A Revised Medium for Rapid Growth and Bio Assays with Tobacco Tissue Cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15(3), 473-497. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.xOber, D., Gibas, L., Witte, L., & Hartmann, T. (2003). Evidence for general occurrence of homospermidine in plants and its supposed origin as by-product of deoxyhypusine synthase. Phytochemistry, 62(3), 339-344. doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00553-8Oshima, T. (2007). Unique polyamines produced by an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus. Amino Acids, 33(2), 367-372. doi:10.1007/s00726-007-0526-zPanicot, M., Minguet, E. G., Ferrando, A., Alcázar, R., Blázquez, M. A., Carbonell, J., … Tiburcio, A. F. (2002). A Polyamine Metabolon Involving Aminopropyl Transferase Complexes in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell, 14(10), 2539-2551. doi:10.1105/tpc.004077Pfaffl, M. W. (2002). Relative expression software tool (REST(C)) for group-wise comparison and statistical analysis of relative expression results in real-time PCR. Nucleic Acids Research, 30(9), 36e-36. doi:10.1093/nar/30.9.e36Rambla, J. L., Vera-Sirera, F., Blázquez, M. A., Carbonell, J., & Granell, A. (2010). Quantitation of biogenic tetraamines in Arabidopsis thaliana. Analytical Biochemistry, 397(2), 208-211. doi:10.1016/j.ab.2009.10.013Rea, G., Metoui, O., Infantino, A., Federico, R., & Angelini, R. (2002). Copper Amine Oxidase Expression in Defense Responses to Wounding and Ascochyta rabiei Invasion. Plant Physiology, 128(3), 865-875. doi:10.1104/pp.010646Sagor, G. H. M., Takahashi, H., Niitsu, M., Takahashi, Y., Berberich, T., & Kusano, T. (2012). Exogenous thermospermine has an activity to induce a subset of the defense genes and restrict cucumber mosaic virus multiplication in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Reports, 31(7), 1227-1232. doi:10.1007/s00299-012-1243-yShah, N., Thomas, T., Shirahata, A., Sigal, L. H., & Thomas, T. J. (1999). Activation of Nuclear Factor κB by Polyamines in Breast Cancer Cells†. Biochemistry, 38(45), 14763-14774. doi:10.1021/bi991291vTakahashi, Y., Berberich, T., Miyazaki, A., Seo, S., Ohashi, Y., & Kusano, T. (2003). Spermine signalling in tobacco: activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by spermine is mediated through mitochondrial dysfunction. The Plant Journal, 36(6), 820-829. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01923.xTakahashi, Y., Berberich, T., Yamashita, K., Uehara, Y., Miyazaki, A., & Kusano, T. (2004). Identification of Tobacco HIN1 and Two Closely Related Genes as Spermine-Responsive Genes and their Differential Expression During the Tobacco Mosaic Virus-Induced Hypersensitive Response and During Leaf- and Flower-Senescence. Plant Molecular Biology, 54(4), 613-622. doi:10.1023/b:plan.0000038276.95539.39Takahashi, Y., Cong, R., Sagor, G. H. M., Niitsu, M., Berberich, T., & Kusano, T. (2010). Characterization of five polyamine oxidase isoforms in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Reports, 29(9), 955-965. doi:10.1007/s00299-010-0881-1Takahashi, Y., Uehara, Y., Berberich, T., Ito, A., Saitoh, H., Miyazaki, A., … Kusano, T. (2004). A subset of hypersensitive response marker genes, including HSR203J, is the downstream target of a spermine signal transduction pathway in tobacco. The Plant Journal, 40(4), 586-595. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2004.02234.xTakano, A., Kakehi, J.-I., & Takahashi, T. (2012). Thermospermine is Not a Minor Polyamine in the Plant Kingdom. Plant and Cell Physiology, 53(4), 606-616. doi:10.1093/pcp/pcs019Thomas, T., Shah, N., Klinge, C., Faaland, C., Adihkarakunnathu, S., Gallo, M., & Thomas, T. (1999). Polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors alter protein-protein interactions involving estrogen receptor in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology, 131-139. doi:10.1677/jme.0.0220131Tiburcio, A. F., Altabella, T., Borrell, A., & Masgrau, C. (1997). Polyamine metabolism and its regulation. 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Insegnare l’Europa. Concetti e rappresentazioni nei libri di testo europei

Il volume presenta i risultati di una ricerca comparata che ha analizzato i manuali scolastici utilizzati oggi nei diversi paesi europei per verificare quale spazio abbia in essi la trattazione dell’Europa, quali valori e concetti vengano presentati come caratterizzanti la civiltà europea, e in quali modi l’attenzione alle appartenenze nazionali venga coniugata con la nuova centralità dell’Europa.- Indice #5- Introduzione Nazioni ed Europa nell’educazione scolastica: come vediamo noi stessi e gli “altri”?, Falk Pingel #13- Insegnare la singolarità dell’Europa, Charles Olivier Carbonell #75- Tradizione religiosa e identità nazionale nell’Europa sudorientale, Răzvan Theodorescu #103- Cittadino, europeo e cosmopolita: scopi e compiti dell’educazione civica, Alistair Ross #119- Diversi modi di vedere l’integrazione europea, Juan Díez Medrano #153- Tendenze attuali nei manuali spagnoli di storia e di geografia dell’educazione secondaria obbligatoria, Rafael Valls #173- L’Europa nei programmi e nei manuali scolastici francesi: verso una nuova comunità immaginaria europea?, Hélène Baeyens #189- L’Europa del Novecento: un’analisi dei manuali di storia della scuola media italiana degli anni Novanta, Luigi Cajani #141- “Una nuova cultura capace di superare nazionalismi e separatismi”. Esempi da libri di educazione civica italiani, Olga Bombardelli #239- L’Europa nei libri di testo di storia del Regno Unito: insegnamento e apprendimento, Keith Crawford #265- L’Europa nei testi di geografia inglesi, John Hopkin #295- “Un lento avvicinamento all’Europa”: la dimensione europea nei testi britannici di storia contemporanea, Mark Engel #319- L’Europa si sta aprendo al resto del mondo? I cambiamenti avvenuti nella rappresentazione dell’Europa nei testi scolastici della Germania dopo la riunificazione (Wende) del 1989/90, Rolf Westheider #329- Visioni del mondo legate alla geografia: l’Europa vista dagli studenti della Germania, Armin Hüttermann #353- Cittadini della Germania e dell’Ue. La rappresentazione dell’Europa nei manuali scolastici tedeschi di educazione politica, K. Peter Fritzsche #375- L’Europa nei manuali greci di educazione civica, Despina Karakatsani #395- Dalla rivoluzione mondiale al dominio degli ambienti culturali? La rappresentazione dell’Europa nei testi scolastici russi di “storia mondiale”, Michail A. Bojcov #417- Alla ricerca di un cammino verso l’Europa: la dimensione europea nei testi di storia del XX secolo della Russia, Vera Kaplan #441- L’immagine dell’Europa nei libri di testo della Romania, Mirela Luminiţa Murgescu #473- L’”altra” entità politica esterna e le immagini dell’Europa nei manuali di storia moderna della Bulgaria successivi al 1917, Snezhana Dimitrova #501- La storia europea all’università di Belgrado: momenti concettuali della sua rappresentazione, Milan Ristović #521- Ricerca storica e redazione dei libri di testo nelle entità statali nate dalla Jugoslavia socialista, Neven Budak #535- Tra euforia, moderazione e isolamento: l’Europa nei testi scolastici di storia delle repubbliche della ex Jugoslavia, Heike Karge #551- Prospettive sull’educazione ai diritti dell’uomo nella Repubblica serba, Aleksandra Petrović #59

Mediated Plastid RNA Editing in Plant Immunity

[EN] Plant regulatory circuits coordinating nuclear and plastid gene expression have evolved in response to external stimuli. RNA editing is one of such control mechanisms. We determined the Arabidopsis nuclear-encoded homeodomain-containing protein OCP3 is incorporated into the chloroplast, and contributes to control over the extent of ndhB transcript editing. ndhB encodes the B subunit of the chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like complex (NDH) involved in cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I. In ocp3 mutant strains, ndhB editing efficiency decays, CEF is impaired and disease resistance to fungal pathogens substantially enhanced, a process recapitulated in plants defective in editing plastid RNAs encoding NDH complex subunits due to mutations in previously described nuclear-encoded pentatricopeptide-related proteins (i.e. CRR21, CRR2). Furthermore, we observed that following a pathogenic challenge, wild type plants respond with editing inhibition of ndhB transcript. In parallel, rapid destabilization of the plastidial NDH complex is also observed in the plant following perception of a pathogenic cue. Therefore, NDH complex activity and plant immunity appear as interlinked processes.This work was supported by the Spanish MICINN (CONSOLIDER and BFU2012 to PV), and Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo2010/020 to PV). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.García-Andrade Serrano, J.; Ramirez Garcia, V.; López Sánchez, A.; Vera Vera, P. (2013). Mediated Plastid RNA Editing in Plant Immunity. PLoS Pathogens. 9(10):1003713-1003713. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.ppat.1003713S1003713100371391

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access