Contribution à l’étude de l’impact d’un site minier abandonné dans la haute Moulouya sur la qualité de l’Oued Moulouya, Maroc

Dans le but d’évaluer le degré de contamination chimique des eaux et des sédiments superficiels de l’oued Moulouya (Maroc) qui draine les centres miniers d’Aouli, de Mibladen et de Zaida, abandonnés sans réhabilitation dans haute Moulouya et d’estimer l’extension possible des éléments traces métalliques (ETM) au niveau du secteur aval, des échantillons d’eau et de sédiments ont été prélevés le long de l’oued Moulouya, en vue d’en déterminer les teneurs en ETM : Plomb (Pb), Arsenic (As), Zinc (Zn), Cuivre (Cu) et Cadmium (Cd) en période sèche et en période de pluie, et établir un diagnostic de l’état actuel de la pollution. Dans les sédiments superficiels de l’oued Moulouya, les analyses ont permis de mettre en relief le degré élevé de pollution par le Zn et le Pb dans la station S3 en aval de ces sites miniers dans la haute Moulouya, avec des valeurs maximales respectives de 191,62 et 156,72ppm, dépassant les normes internationales des sédiments des rivières (88ppm pour le Zn) et (22ppm pou le Pb). Par ailleurs, dans les stations situées plus en aval (S8, S10, S11 et S13), les rejets urbains des agglomérations avoisinantes de l’oued Moulouya contribuent aussi à cette contamination par un apport  anthropique qui se traduit par une augmentation des teneurs en ETM. Or, la mise en place du barrage Hassan II sur l’oued Moulouya a toute fois limité les apports en eaux fluviales et par conséquent diminué son pouvoir d’évacuation des polluants émanant des sites miniers de la haute Moulouya vers l’aval de l’oued. En effet, la comparaison des teneurs en As, Pb, Zn, Cu et Cd avec les normes Marocaines, montre que les eaux superficielles de l’oued Moulouya sont de qualité moyenne à excellente. Mais, l’accumulation des ETM dans les sédiments superficiels en teneurs excessives, dont le pourcentage élevé, pourrait être lié aux années qui ont précédé l’édification du barrage, ce qui représente un risque potentiel pour l’écosystème aquatique par relargage de ces éléments, au moindre changement des conditions physico-chimiques du milieu.Mots-clés : Maroc, Oued Moulouya, éléments traces métalliques, contamination, sédiments, eaux, mines, résidus miniers

Towards an integrated management of water resource issues in the Dyle catchment (Scheldt basin, Belgium): the European MULINO project (MULti-sectoral, INtegrated and Operational decision support system for sustainable use of water resources at the catchment scale)

The pressure on water resources is continuously increasing in Europe. If a great deal of scientific knowledge is available in many fields, this knowledge is often treated in isolation. To support the scientific basis for integrated water management, the MULINO project, an acronym for MULti-sectoral, Integrated and Operational decision support system (DSS) for the sustainable use of water resources at the catchment scale, funded by the European Union, is currently executed. The purpose of the MULINO project is to provide a tool to improve the integrated management of water resources at the catchment scale, following the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD, J.O.CE, 2000). The DSS developed is a computer system based on hydrological modelling, multi-disciplinary indicators and multi-criteria evaluation procedures. The underlying design of the DSS is based on the Driving Forces-Pressures-State-Impact-Responses framework for reporting on environmental issues (EEA, 1999; OECD, 1993). One case study is the 700 km² Dyle catchment situated in the centre of Belgium (50°38N 4°45E) and part of the Scheldt basin. A coupling of an integrated hydrological model (SWAT: Soil and Water Assessment Tool, Arnold et al., 1993) with land use change modelling (SFARMMOD, Audsley et al., 1979) is developed in close collaboration with local end users and stakeholders. This work will provide a useful tool to analyse water resources management alternatives and to assist local managers in complex problems such as flooding, nitrate and pesticides contamination of waters, as to identify solutions for the implementation of the WFD at the catchment scale

SAFE - a Tool for Assessing the Sustainability of Agricultural Systems: an Illustration

SAFE (Framework for Assessing Sustainability levels) is a tool for evaluating the sustainability of agricultural systems and uses a hierarchical framework populated with indicators objectively selected by multicriteria evaluation. Indicators are measured at field, farm and landscape scales and progressively integrated into a global sustainability index (SI). SAFE is illustrated below with results on a field scale from a farm site

SAFE: A Framework for Assessing Sustainability Levels in Agricultural Systems

Evaluating the sustainability of agricultural systems is a major challenge for scientists, policy makers and farmers. Numerous sets of indicators have recently been designed, both at national and international levels. However, most of these initiatives focus only on environmental aspects of sustainability, indicators are often selected arbitrarily and usually do not fit in a consistent, comprehensive and universally applicable framework. This paper presents an original framework for integrating the information contained by indicators into a single quantitative measure of agricultural sustainability in order to facilitate comparison and diagnosis

Retrieving hydrological connectivity from empirical causality in karst systems

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Retrieving hydrological connectivity from empirical causality in karst systems

onderzoeksrappor

Therapeutic recommendations in HFE hemochromatosis for p.Cys282Tyr (C282Y/C282Y) homozygous genotype

Although guidelines are available for hereditary hemochromatosis, a high percentage of the recommendations within them are not shared between the different guidelines. Our main aim is to provide an objective, simple, brief, and practical set of recommendations about therapeutic aspects of HFE hemochromatosis for p.Cys282Tyr (C282Y/C282Y) homozygous genotype, based on the published scientific studies and guidelines, in a form that is reasonably comprehensible to patients and people without medical training. This final version was approved at the Hemochromatosis International meeting on 12th May 2017 in Los Angeles