CAR: A MATLAB Package to Compute Correspondence Analysis with Rotations

Correspondence analysis (CA) is a popular method that can be used to analyse relationships between categorical variables. Like principal component analysis, CA solutions can be rotated both orthogonally and obliquely to simple structure without affecting the total amount of explained inertia. We describe a MATLAB package for computing CA. The package includes orthogonal and oblique rotation of axes. It is designed not only for advanced users of MATLAB but also for beginners. Analysis can be done using a user-friendly interface, or by using command lines. We illustrate the use of CAR with one example.

Nest cycle and nestling development of a pair of Changeable Hawk-Eagles Nisaetus cirrhatus in Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park, West Java

We monitored nesting of a pair of Changeable Hawk-Eagles Nisaetus cirrhatus at Gunung Halimun–Salak National Park, West Java, in two consecutive years (2012 and 2013). The single egg was laid in July in the first year, and June in the second. This is consistent with data from the early 20th Century which suggests these are the peak laying months for Java. Contrary to the literature, both sexes took part in incubation, though the female incubated more frequently. The incubation and nestling periods were estimated to be c.50 days and 62 days, respectively, but as neither laying nor hatching was observed directly, it is possible that the first period is over-estimated, and the second, under-estimated. The combined period (112 days) is consistent with the minimum estimate of 108 days in the literature. The body length (including tail) of the 2013 eaglet grew at an average rate of c. 6 cm per week. Of 21 prey items brought to the nest by the adults, 13 (62%) were reptiles, and only three were mammals

El circuito eléctrico de corriente continua

Diapositivas del tema 1: El circuito eléctrico de corriente continua

Distribution of 5-HT and DA receptors in primate prefrontal cortex: implications for pathophysiology and treatment

El pdf del artículo es la versión pre-print.The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has attracted a great research interest because of its involvement in the control of executive functions in both health and disease, and particularly in cognitive functions such as working memory. In schizophrenia, alterations in the PFC are documented at many different levels: molecular, cellular and functional. Furthermore, deficits in cognitive abilities are considered a core feature of schizophrenia and remain a major unmet medical need with respect to this disorder. In order to understand the sites of action of currently used drugs, as well as of the new experimental treatments being developed and acting in this brain region, it is important to have a detailed knowledge of the corresponding chemical neuroanatomy. Here we review current knowledge regarding the cellular localization of 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A and dopamine D1, D5, and D2, D4 receptors in primate PFC and their possible functions in the neuronal circuits of the PFC.J. de Almeida is the recipient of a fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Education. This research was funded by the Fundació La Marató TV3 (#01/3930). Support from the Generalitat de Catalunya (Grup de Recerca de Qualitat 2005-SGR0758) is also acknowledged.Peer reviewe

PEMBUATAN DESINFEKTAN TiO2 SEBAGAI SOLUSI PENGURANGAN PEMAKAIAN BAHAN DESINFEKTAN KONVENSIONAL KIMIA

Desinfektan merupakan bahan kimia yang digunakan untuk membunuh atau menurunkan jumlah mikroorganisme atau kontaminan lainnya. Salah satu bahan kimia yang terdapat dalam desinfektan yaitu asam klorida (HCl). HCl yang terdapat pada desinfektan mempunyai manfaat sebagai pembunuh kuman dalam air. Selain mempunyai manfaat tersebut, HCl juga mempunyai kelemahan yaitu dapat memberikan efek karsinogenik (efek pemicu kanker). Untuk mengurangi dampak dari penggunaan HCl dalam desinfektan maka digunakan bahan nanopartikel titanium dioksida (TiO2). Penggunaan TiO2 dipilih karena TiO2 merupakan senyawa desinfektan alternatif yang sifatnya fotokatalis, stabil, non toksik dan dapat meminimalkan efek karsinogenik. Pembuatan desinfektan menjadi tiga sampel yaitu desinfektan dengan menggunakan TiO2, desinfektan tanpa menggunakan TiO2 dan desinfektan TiO2 tanpa menggunakan HCl. Pengujian efektivitas desinfektan dilakukan dengan menambah satu sampel dari produk pasaran sebagai pembanding. Pengujian yang dilakukan yaitu dengan uji inaktifasi bakteri menggunakan bakteri E-coli yang kemudian dilakukan perhitungan menggunakan colony counter count. Hasil pengujian desinfektan TiO2 menggunakan variabel kontrol dengan cara inaktifasi bakteri E-coli dapat menurunkan presentase jumlah bakteri sebesar 45,3%. Selain itu didapatkan pula hasil pengujian desinfektan TiO2 menggunakan variabel bebas dengan bantuan penyinaran sinar UV didapatkan hasil bakteri paling sedikit dibandingkan sampel lain sebanyak 101 bakteri E-coli. Hasil perhitungan ekonomi desinfektan TiO2 pada kapasitas 10 botol (@500 mL) per hari diperoleh keuntungan per produk desinfektan sebanyak Rp 216 per botol, BEP sebanyak 9 botol per hari, laju pengembalian modal per bulan 4,14% dan waktu pengembalian modal selama 18 bulan

Los bosquetes de los khaloa (morabitos) del Rif, Atlas Medio y región del Sus de Marruecos

La franja del norte de África está salpicada de pequeños santuarios en los que se encuentran los restos de hombres de clara significación en la historia local o regional. Estos lugares se distinguen bien en el territorio por la cubierta vegetal que suele acompañarlos, fruto del espíritu devoto de respeto que tienen hacia ellos los habitantes de la zona. El origen de los mismos se encuentra en los altares del politeísmo preislámico y precristiano. En diversas campañas se ha muestreado un pequeño grupo de estos khaloas (marabuts o morabitos) en las principales cadenas montañosas de Marruecos, tomando en consideración ciertos parámetros ambientales y biológicos. El clima parece ser el principal responsable de la entidad de la cubierta vegetal que rodea las construcciones. El Rif es la zona marroquí que mantiene las mejores masas arbóreas de los morabitos, pudiéndose hallar árboles de una envergadura impresionante. Se ha profundizado en el estudio en una caracterización de un grupo de 24 marabuts de la región Jbala del Rif occidental, su riqueza florística y de sus dimensiones espaciales, en un intento de definir una tipología de los mismos. La realidad de hoy no puede asegurar la persistencia de estas islas del paisaje porque las corrientes de los grupos más extremistas no toleran a los intermediarios en la liturgia.The strip of North Africa is sprinkled of small sanctuaries in which are the rests of men of clear meaning in local or regional history. These places are clearly distinguished by the vegetal cover that usually accompanies them, fruit of the devotee spirit of respect shown by local inhabitants. The origin of these khaloas is in the altars of preIslamic and preChristian politeism. In several field campaigns, a small group of khaloas has been sampled in the main mountainous chains of Morocco, taking into consideration certain environmental and biological parameters. Climate seems to be the main factor controlling the composition and structure of the vegetal cover surrounding these constructions. The Rif is the Moroccan zone maintaining the best arboreal masses in khaloas, which commonly shelter monumental trees. We have carried out a detailed study of 24 khaloas in the Region of Jbala (western Rif), in an attempt to define khaloas tipologies based on floristic richness and structure. Current socio-cultural conditions cannot assure the persistence of these islands in the landscape because most extremist groups do not tolerate intermediaries in their liturgy.Trabajo realizado mediante un proyecto conjunto de colaboración financiado por la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional (AECI-PCI Hispano-Marroquí). Proyecto nº 19/03/P

Counting cliques and cycles in scale-free inhomogeneous random graphs

Scale-free networks contain many small cliques and cycles. We model such networks as inhomogeneous random graphs with regularly varying infinite-variance weights. For these models, the number of cliques and cycles have exact integral expressions amenable to asymptotic analysis. We obtain various asymptotic descriptions for how the average number of cliques and cycles, of any size, grow with the network size. For the cycle asymptotics we invoke the theory of circulant matrices

Effect of Deficit Irrigation on the Productive Response of Drip-irrigated Onion (Allium cepa L.) in Mediterranean Conditions

[EN] Water is an essential resource for food production, and agriculture consumes close to 69% of total freshwater use. Water shortage is becoming critical in arid and semiarid areas worldwide; therefore, it is vital to use water efficiently. The objective of this research was to evaluate the response of onion growth, plant water status, bulb yield, irrigation water use efficiency and bulb quality using three continued deficit strategies, applying 100, 75, and 50% of the irrigation water requirements during three seasons. The yield response factor was 0.71, indicating that in the analysed conditions the crop was tolerant to a water deficit. Compared to full irrigation, deficit irrigation with 75% of the irrigation water requirements resulted in a low yield and profit reduction for the growers (10.3% and 10.9%, respectively), but also important water savings (26.6%), improving both the irrigation water use efficiency and water use efficiency. However, onion exposure to severe water deficits at 50% of the irrigation water requirements drastically reduced plant growth and bulb yield and growers' profits, although it did increase their soluble solid content. Irrigating at 75% of the irrigation water requirements could be an actionable strategy for onion production under water-limited conditions.Abdelkhalik, A.; Pascual-Seva, N.; Nájera, I.; Domene, MA.; Baixauli Soria, C.; Pascual España, B. (2019). Effect of Deficit Irrigation on the Productive Response of Drip-irrigated Onion (Allium cepa L.) in Mediterranean Conditions. Horticulture Journal. 88(4):488-498. https://doi.org/10.2503/hortj.UTD-081S48849888

Quantification of joint blood flow by dynamic contrast-enhanced near-infrared spectroscopy: Application to monitoring disease activity in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis

© The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. Significance: Current guidelines for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management recommend early treatment with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). However, DMARD treatment fails in 30% of patients and current monitoring methods can only detect failure after 3 to 6 months of therapy. Aim: We investigated whether joint blood flow (BF), quantified using dynamic contrast-enhanced time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy, can monitor disease activity and treatment response in a rat model of RA. Approach: Ankle joint BF was measured every 5 days in eight rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) and four healthy controls. Arthritis was allowed to progress for 20 days before rats with AIA were treated with a DMARD once every 5 days until day 40. Results: Time and group had separate significant main effects on joint BF; however, there was no significant interaction between time and group despite a notable difference in average joint BF on day 5. Comparison of individual blood flow measures between rats with AIA and control group animals did not reveal a clear response to treatment. Conclusions: Joint BF time courses could not distinguish between rats with AIA and study controls. Heterogeneous disease response and low temporal frequency of BF measurements may have been important study limitations

TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE SERRA DE MARIOLA NATURAL PARK, SOUTH-EASTERN SPAIN

The present study aims to inventory and analyse the ethnobotanical knowledge about medicinal plants in the Serra de Mariola Natural Park. In respect to traditional uses, 93 species reported by local informants were therapeutic, 27 food, 4 natural dyes and 13 handcrafts. We developed a methodology that allowed the location of individuals or vegetation communities with a specific popular use. We prepared a geographic information system (GIS) that included gender, family, scientific nomenclature and common names in Spanish and Catalan for each species. We also made a classification of 39 medicinal uses from ATC (Anatomical, Therapeutic, Chemical classification system). Labiatae (n=19), Compositae (n=9) and Leguminosae (n=6) were the families most represented among the plants used to different purposes in humans. Species with the most elevated cultural importance index (CI) values were Thymus vulgaris (CI=1.431), Rosmarinus officinalis (CI=1.415), Eryngium campestre (CI=1.325), Verbascum sinuatum (CI=1.106) and Sideritis angustifolia (CI=1.041). Thus, the collected plants with more therapeutic uses were: Lippia triphylla (12), Thymus vulgaris and Allium roseum (9) and Erygium campestre (8). The most repeated ATC uses were: G04 (urological use), D03 (treatment of wounds and ulcers) and R02 (throat diseases). These results were in a geographic map where each point represented an individual of any species. A database was created with the corresponding therapeutic uses. This application is useful for the identification of individuals and the selection of species for specific medicinal properties. In the end, knowledge of these useful plants may be interesting to revive the local economy and in some cases promote their cultivation