Extensive reuse of soda-lime waste glass in fly ash-based geopolymers

The possibility of extensive incorporation of soda-lime waste glass in the synthesis of fly ash-based geopolymers was investigated. Using waste glass as silica supplier avoids the use of water glass solution as chemical activator. The influence of the addition of waste glass on the microstructure and strength of fly ash-based geopolymers was studied through microstructural and mechanical characterization. Leaching analyses were also carried out. The samples were developed changing the SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio and the molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution used as alkaline activator. The results suggest that increasing the amount of waste glass as well as increasing the molarity of the solution lead to the formation of zeolite crystalline phases and an improvement of the mechanical strength. Leaching results confirmed that the new geopolymers have the capability to immobilize heavy metal ions

Novel geopolymers incorporating red mud and waste glass cullet

Red mud presents significant environmental problems, so that its incorporation in geopolymers could represent an alternative solution to produce valuable products from this residue. Novel geopolymers using red mud as source of alumina and waste glass as silica supplier were developed, using sodium hydroxide as the only ` non- waste' material. The formation of a homogeneous polymeric gel, confirmed by solid- state NMR and EDX analysis, promoted the stabilization of possible pollutants. Moreover, the materials exhibit a remarkable compressive strength (up to 45 MPa, for 60 wt% red mud)

La ense?anza de las ciencias naturales, investigaci?n y did?ctica, un reto para generaciones futuras en el grado tercero del colegio Nuestra Se?ora de la Sabidur?a en la ciudad de Bogot?

91 p. Recurso Electr?nio?C?mo fortalecer el aprendizaje de ciencias naturales implementando la pr?ctica de investigaci?n cient?fica y la did?ctica durante el proceso de ense?anza? La actividad experimental es uno de los aspectos clave en el proceso de ense?anza y aprendizaje de las ciencias Naturales tanto por la fundamentaci?n te?rica que puede aportar a los estudiantes, como por el desarrollo de habilidades cognoscitivas y destrezas para las cuales el trabajo experimental es fundamental, asimismo, en cuanto al desarrollo de habilidades del pensamiento de los estudiantes y al desarrollo de una concepci?n de ciencia derivada del tipo y finalidad de las actividades pr?cticas propuestas. El trabajo de laboratorio favorece y promueve el aprendizaje de las ciencias Naturales, pues le permite al estudiante cuestionar sus saberes y confrontarlos con la realidad. Adem?s, el estudiante pone en juego sus conocimientos previos y los verifica . Palabras claves: Aprendizaje, pr?ctica, experimental, laboratorio, ciencia, cartilla did?ctica, explorador, docente y cient?fico.?How to strengthen the learning of natural sciences implementing the practice of scientific research and the didactic during the teaching process? The experimental activity is one of the key aspects in the teaching and learning process of the Natural Science for the theoretical foundation that can contribute to the students and the development of different skills for which the experimental activity is fundamental, furthermore in terms of the development of students thinking abilities and the development of a science conception derivative from the type and purpose of the practical proposed activities. The lab work favors and promotes the Natural Science learning, because it allows the students to ask themselves about their knowledge and confronted it with reality. Also, student use his previous knowledge and verify them through the practice. For that reason, it is important to develop in the students of the third of school Nuestra Se?ora de la Sabidur?a, new methodologies that allow them advance in the learning process to improve the basic abilities in a lab, making a working document which will provide answer to several outstanding questions that would constitute a tool for the students in the classroom realizing the research of new training trends on didactic suggestions developing with this technique a pretext to find new destinations from those authentic questions that move us to investigate, read and write that would allow to take a broad approach towards the natural Science area and promote the development of scientific thinking. Keywords: Learning, practice, experimental, laboratory, science, didactic primer, explorer, teaching, and scientist

Geology and rural landscapes in central Spain (Guadalajara, Castilla—La Mancha)

Methods commonly used in regional geological analysis were employed to study the visual landscapes of the Sigüenza–Molina de Aragón area (Spain). Landscape data were compiled to produce a landscape map and a photograph catalogue. Lithological composition, tectonic structure and recent erosive processes are the main factors controlling the visual landscapes. Territorial properties, such as colours and agricultural capacities, are controlled by these geological characteristics. The landscape map and the photographic catalogue is the main contribution of this paper. The first level of landscape classification distinguishes zones with dominance of either flat, concave or convex areas. Other parts of the territory are, however, composed of concave and convex combinations that originate hybrid orographic structures. In a second level of classification, several subdivisions for each of these types are established

Ibero-American Consensus on Low- and No-Calorie Sweeteners : Safety, Nutritional Aspects and Benefits in Food and Beverages

International scientific experts in food, nutrition, dietetics, endocrinology, physical activity, paediatrics, nursing, toxicology and public health met in Lisbon on 2\u207b4 July 2017 to develop a Consensus on the use of low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) as substitutes for sugars and other caloric sweeteners. LNCS are food additives that are broadly used as sugar substitutes to sweeten foods and beverages with the addition of fewer or no calories. They are also used in medicines, health-care products, such as toothpaste, and food supplements. The goal of this Consensus was to provide a useful, evidence-based, point of reference to assist in efforts to reduce free sugars consumption in line with current international public health recommendations. Participating experts in the Lisbon Consensus analysed and evaluated the evidence in relation to the role of LNCS in food safety, their regulation and the nutritional and dietary aspects of their use in foods and beverages. The conclusions of this Consensus were: (1) LNCS are some of the most extensively evaluated dietary constituents, and their safety has been reviewed and confirmed by regulatory bodies globally including the World Health Organisation, the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Food Safety Authority; (2) Consumer education, which is based on the most robust scientific evidence and regulatory processes, on the use of products containing LNCS should be strengthened in a comprehensive and objective way; (3) The use of LNCS in weight reduction programmes that involve replacing caloric sweeteners with LNCS in the context of structured diet plans may favour sustainable weight reduction. Furthermore, their use in diabetes management programmes may contribute to a better glycaemic control in patients, albeit with modest results. LNCS also provide dental health benefits when used in place of free sugars; (4) It is proposed that foods and beverages with LNCS could be included in dietary guidelines as alternative options to products sweetened with free sugars; (5) Continued education of health professionals is required, since they are a key source of information on issues related to food and health for both the general population and patients. With this in mind, the publication of position statements and consensus documents in the academic literature are extremely desirable

Concepciones y practicas evaluativas de los docentes de primaria de la Instituci?n Educativa Departamental Jos? Mar?a Obando en el Rosal ? Cundinamarca, A?os 2019 ? 2020

192 p.La presente investigaci?n tiene el prop?sito de Analizar las concepciones y pr?cticas evaluativas utilizadas por los docentes de primaria durante los a?os 2.019 y 2.020 en la IED Jos? Mar?a Obando ubicada en el municipio El Rosal, departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia, la cual, se desarroll? mediante una investigaci?n de tipo anal?tica. La poblaci?n estuvo conformada por 19 docentes de primaria. Para la recolecci?n de datos se utilizaron: la t?cnica de revisi?n documental mediante el instrumento de lista de chequeo, para revisar las pr?cticas evaluativas; la t?cnica de la encuesta a trav?s del instrumento cuestionario, para identificar las concepciones y conocimientos sobre evaluaci?n y la t?cnica de la observaci?n por medio de una r?brica de evaluaci?n que permiti? observar las concepciones y pr?cticas de los profesores. Los dos primeros instrumentos fueron retomados de otras investigaciones, la validez y confiabilidad del cuestionario seg?n el autor fue realizado a trav?s del sistema ?tem test, en donde, el resultado se expres? mediante el coeficiente igual a 0, 5579, as? mismo, la confiablidad del instrumento se dio a trav?s el sistema Alfa de Cron Bach y el sistema mitad ? mitad, tuvo como resultado un coeficiente igual a 0,90 y de 0, 6876. Para el an?lisis de los resultados se utilizaron t?cnicas combinadas, cualitativas a trav?s de un an?lisis de contenido y cuantitativas mediante la estad?stica descriptiva. Los resultados indican que no hay una coherencia entre las concepciones, conocimientos y las pr?cticas evaluativas ejecutadas por los educadores y que prima el uso de instrumentos tradicionales.The present investigation has the purpose of analyzing the conceptions and evaluative practices used by primary school teachers during the years 2019 and 2020 in the IED Jos? Mar?a Obando located in the municipality of El Rosal, Cundinamarca department, Colombia, which was developed through analytical research. The population was made up by 19 elementary teachers. For data collection were used: document review technique using the checklist to review the evaluative practices of the teachers, the technique survey through the questionnaire tool to identify the conceptions and knowledge about evaluation and the technique the observation through an evaluation rubric that allowed to observe the conceptions and practices of the teachers. The first two tools were taken from other investigations, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire according to the author was carried out through operationalization arrays that they elaborated through the system Item Test, in which, the result was expressed by the coefficient equal to 0.5579, likewise the reliability of the tool was given through the system Alfa by Cron Bach and the half - half system had the result an intellectual coefficient equal to 0, 90 and of 0, 6876. For the results analysis were used qualitative combined techniques through content and quantitative analysis using descriptive statistics. The results indicate that there is no coherence between the conceptions, knowledge and evaluation practices carried out by the educators and the use of traditional

De la insurgencia guerrillera a la democracia participativa un estudio exploratorio sobre el proceso transicional de las FARC-EP a partido pol?tico.

160 p.Posterior a la firma del acuerdo de paz en la Habana, Colombia enfrenta toda una serie de ajustes que no solo afectan al dise?o institucional prevaleciente en el pa?s, sino que adem?s implica todo el re direccionamiento de una cultura pol?tica basada en la destrucci?n del ?otro?. Es bajo este contexto que la guerrilla m?s antigua del hemisferio occidental realiza su reincorporaci?n pol?tica. La prevista apertura democr?tica a la que apelaba el acuerdo de paz ha implicado toda una serie de retos y desaf?os para los (ex) combatientes que optaron por realizar una reincorporaci?n colectiva no solo en la dimensi?n econ?mica, sino tambi?n pol?tica. Por tal raz?n, el objetivo de esta investigaci?n es comprender las caracter?sticas que adquiere la transici?n pol?tica del movimiento guerrillero FARC-EP al convertirse en un actor pol?tico convencional. Como t?cnica para la recolecci?n de datos se utiliz? las entrevistas individuales no estructuradas a (ex) combatientes del ETCR de Icononzo- Tolima. Las conclusiones de esta investigaci?n se?alan que la transici?n pol?tica de las FARC- EP ha representado un avance en materia de acuerdos pol?ticos para el pa?s, sin embargo, ha sido un proceso que se ha dado de manera muy r?pida lo cual ha representado serias limitaciones para la consolidaci?n de un proyecto pol?tico viable. Palabras claves: Transici?n pol?tica, FARC, partido pol?tico, construcci?n de paz, transformaci?n del conflicto.After the signing of the peace agreement in Havana, Colombia faces a series of adjustments that not only affect the prevailing institutional design in the country, but also imply the redirection of a political culture based on the destruction of the "another". It is in this context that the oldest guerrilla group in the Western Hemisphere carries out its political reincorporation. The planned democratic opening to which the peace agreement called has involved a whole series of challenges and challenges for the (ex) combatants who chose to make a collective reinstatement not only in the economic but also in the political dimension. For this reason, the objective of this investigation is to understand the characteristics that the political transition of the FARC-EP guerrilla movement acquires when it becomes a conventional political actor. Unstructured individual interviews with (ex) combatants ETCR from Icononzo-Tolima were used as a technique for data collection. The conclusions of this investigation indicate that the political transition of the FARC-EP has represented an advance in terms of political agreements for the country, However, it has been a very rapid process, which has represented serious limitations for the consolidation of a viable political project. Keywords: Political transition, FARC, political party, peace building, conflict transformation

Impacto de la publicidad en el ?rea patrimonial de Cuenca

En el ?rea patrimonial de Cuenca se encuentran varios casos dignos de an?lisis comparativo con otras ciudades que gozan de ser Patrimonio Cultural de la Humanidad, pero que se encuentran reglamentadas bajo otras ordenanzas para la colocaci?n de r?tulos publicitarios, como es el caso de Quito y a nivel internacional Salzburgo, ciudad ubicada en Austria. Ambas ciudades se encuentran con ?reas patrimoniales en las que est?n presentes elementos a los cuales esta investigaci?n est? dirigida. Esta investigaci?n pretende realizar un an?lisis comparativo entre ciudades patrimoniales que son buenos ejemplos de c?mo se pueden implementar los r?tulos en el ?rea patrimonial. A su vez la investigaci?n se encamina a proponer ordenanzas y regulaciones para la correcta planificaci?n de la publicidad en el ?rea patrimonial de Cuenca.Magister en Comunicaci?n y Marketin