Distal radius radiographic indices and perilunate fracture dislocation

Background: Distal radius radiographic indices may play a role as risk factors in pathogenesis of Kienbock's disease, scaphoid fracture and nonunion. Perilunate fracture dislocations are devastating wrist injuries, and their relationship and distal radius indices have not been addressed in the literature. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible role of distal radius radiographic indices including radial height, radial inclination, ulnar variance and volar tilt as risk factors in the perilunate fracture dislocation injury of the wrist. Patients and Methods: We studied distal radius radiographic indices including radial height, radial inclination, ulnar variance and volar tilt in 43 patients with perilunate fracture dislocations and compared them with 44 wrists in the control group. Results: The mean values of the radial height, radial inclination, ulnar variance and volar tilt were 12.74 (5-18), 24.20 (7-35),-0.73 (-5-4) and 12.28 (2-20) in the patient group. These values were 12.68 (9-22), 23.22 (17-30),-0.11 (-4-3) and 11.05 (-3-20), respectively in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: This study did not show that distal radius anatomical indices including the radial height, radial inclination, ulnar variance and volar tilt influence perilunate fracture dislocation as risk factors. Copyright © 2016, Trauma Monthly

Psychiatric disorders in Iranian children and adolescents

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in five provinces of Iran: Tehran, Shiraz, Isfahan, Tabriz and Mashhad. Method: In the present study, we selected 9,636 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years through multistage cluster random sampling method from Tehran, Shiraz, Isfahan, Tabriz and Mashhad. We instructed the clinical psychologists to complete the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for the participants, and those who received a high score on SDQ, completed the Persian version of Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). We used descriptive analysis and 95 confidence interval to investigate the relationship between scores of the K- SADS questionnaire and demographic factors . We used one-way ANOVA to test the significant differences among the disorders according to sex, age and province of residence. Results: Based on the results, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) (4.45) had the highest prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the five provinces and substance abuse and alcohol abuse (0) had the lowest prevalence. In addition, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) had the most prevalence in boys (5.03) and ODD had the most prevalence in girls (4.05). Among the three age groups, 6 to 9 year olds had the highest rates of ADHD (5.69); 10 to 14 and 15 to 18 year olds had the highest rates of ODD (4.32 and 4.37 respectively). Among the five provinces, Tehran and Mashhad allocated the highest rates of ODD; Isfahan and Shiraz had the highest rates of ADHD; and Tabriz had the highest rates of social phobia. Conclusion: The current study revealed that the overall frequency of psychiatric disorders based on Kiddie- SADS-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) was higher than a similar study. Moreover, in this study, among the five provinces, Tehran and Mashhad allocated the highest rates of ODD; Isfahan and Shiraz had the highest rates of ADHD; and Tabriz had the highest rates of social phobia. Therefore, these percentage of psychiatric disorders in Iran lead us toward a greater use of consultation and mental health services

Psychological problems of Iranian children and adolescents: Parent report form of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of psychological problems Iranian children and adolescents have, using parent report form of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Methods: In a community-based study, 9636 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years were selected using the multistage cluster random sampling method from five provinces of Iran: Tehran, Isfahan, Fars, Razavi Khorasan and East Azerbaijan. The parents completed the SDQ, which consisted of five subscales including emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems and prosocial behaviors. Result: The results revealed 21.4 of emotional problems, 32.9 of conduct problems, 20 of hyperactivity, 25.6 of peer problems, 7.6 of problems in prosocial behaviors and 16.7 of total difficulties among Iranian children and adolescents. We found that emotional problems were more prevalent among girls, while conduct problems, hyperactivity, total difficulties and problems in prosocial behaviors were more prevalent among boys. High educational level of parents was a protective factor against some psychological problems. Conclusion: Considering the proportion of psychological problems in Iranian children and adolescents, we need to develop and implement special policies and programs to provide appropriate mental health services. © 2014 Shadowfax Publishing and Informa UK Limited

Psychiatric disorders in Iranian children and adolescents

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in five provinces of Iran: Tehran, Shiraz, Isfahan, Tabriz and Mashhad. Method: In the present study, we selected 9,636 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years through multistage cluster random sampling method from Tehran, Shiraz, Isfahan, Tabriz and Mashhad. We instructed the clinical psychologists to complete the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for the participants, and those who received a high score on SDQ, completed the Persian version of Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). We used descriptive analysis and 95 confidence interval to investigate the relationship between scores of the K- SADS questionnaire and demographic factors . We used one-way ANOVA to test the significant differences among the disorders according to sex, age and province of residence. Results: Based on the results, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) (4.45) had the highest prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the five provinces and substance abuse and alcohol abuse (0) had the lowest prevalence. In addition, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) had the most prevalence in boys (5.03) and ODD had the most prevalence in girls (4.05). Among the three age groups, 6 to 9 year olds had the highest rates of ADHD (5.69); 10 to 14 and 15 to 18 year olds had the highest rates of ODD (4.32 and 4.37 respectively). Among the five provinces, Tehran and Mashhad allocated the highest rates of ODD; Isfahan and Shiraz had the highest rates of ADHD; and Tabriz had the highest rates of social phobia. Conclusion: The current study revealed that the overall frequency of psychiatric disorders based on Kiddie- SADS-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) was higher than a similar study. Moreover, in this study, among the five provinces, Tehran and Mashhad allocated the highest rates of ODD; Isfahan and Shiraz had the highest rates of ADHD; and Tabriz had the highest rates of social phobia. Therefore, these percentage of psychiatric disorders in Iran lead us toward a greater use of consultation and mental health services

Anti-inflammatory effect of a novel locally acting A2A receptor agonist in a rat model of oxazolone-induced colitis.

Adenosine represents a powerful modulating factor, which has been shown to orchestrate the scope, duration, and remission of the inflammatory response through the activation of four specific receptors, classified as A1, A2A, A2B, and A3, all being widely expressed in a variety of immune cells. Several selective A2A receptor agonists have displayed anti-inflammatory effects, through the suppression of IL-12, TNF, and IFN-γ production by monocytes and lymphocytes, in the setting of chronic intestinal inflammation. However, the therapeutic application of A2A receptor agonists remains hindered by the risk of serious cardiovascular adverse effects arising from the wide systemic distribution of A2A receptors. The present study focused on evaluating the anti-inflammatory effects of the novel poorly absorbed A2A receptor agonist PSB-0777 in a rat model of oxazolone-induced colitis as well as to evaluate its cardiovascular adverse effects, paying particular attention to the onset of hypotension, one of the main adverse effects associated with the systemic pharmacological activation of A2A receptors. Colitis was associated with decreased body weight, an enhanced microscopic damage score and increased levels of colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO). PSB-0777, but not dexamethasone, improved body weight. PSB-0777 and dexamethasone ameliorated microscopic indexes of inflammation and reduced MPO levels. The beneficial effects of PSB-0777 on inflammatory parameters were prevented by the pharmacological blockade of A2A receptors. No adverse cardiovascular events were observed upon PSB-0777 administration. The novel A2A receptor agonist PSB-0777 could represent the base for the development of innovative pharmacological entities able to act in an event-specific and site-specific manner